The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History PDF
Preview The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History
Table of Contents Copyright Page List of Entries Set Preface Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Guide to Related Topics Chronology of Selected Events Part I - The Encyclopedia Chapter A Chapter B Chapter C Chapter D Chapter E Chapter F Chapter G Chapter H Chapter I Chapter J Chapter L Marriage and Divorce Chapter M Chapter N Chapter O Chapter P Chapter R Chapter S Crimes against Nature Crimes against the Social Order Slavery and Interracial Relations Slave Concubines Chapter T Chapter V Chapter W Chapter Y Appendix Films Web Sites Selected Bibliography About the Authors Copyright © 2008 Merril D. Smith All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Greenwood encyclopedia of love, courtship, and sexuality through history / volume editors, James W. Howell … [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. The ancient world / James W. Howell, editor—v. 2. The medieval era / William E. Burns, editor—v. 3. The early modern period / Victoria L. Mondelli and Cherrie A. Gottsleben, editors—v. 4. The colonial and revolutionary age / Merril D. Smith, editor—v. 5. The nineteenth century / Susan Mumm, editor—v. 6. The modern world / James T. Sears, editor. ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33359–0 (set : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33583–9 (vol. 1 : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33519–8 (vol. 2 : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33653–9 (vol. 3 : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33360–6 (vol. 4 : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0– 313–33405–4 (vol. 5 : alk. paper)—ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33646–1 (vol. 6 : alk. paper) 1. Sex—History—Encyclopedias. 2. Love—History—Encyclopedias. 3. Courtship—History— Encyclopedias. I. Howell, James W. II. Title. HQ21.G67125 2008 306.703—dc22 2007023728 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2008 by Merril D. Smith Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007023728 ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33359–0 (set code) 978–0–313–33583–9 (Vol. 1) 978–0–313–33519–8 (Vol. 2) 978–0–313–33653–9 (Vol. 3) 978–0–313–33360–6 (Vol. 4) 978–0–313–33405–4 (Vol. 5) 978–0–313–33646–1 (Vol. 6) First published in 2008 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 e-ISBN: 978-0-313-08683-0 List of Entries Abduction Abortion Actors Adultery African Slave Trade. See Atlantic Slave Trade Alcohol American Art. See Art, American/European Anal Intercourse Anti-Sodomy Law. See Sodomy and Anti-Sodomy Law Aristotle's Masterpiece (1684) Art, American/European Art, Non-Western Atlantic Slave Trade Bastardy Baths Behn, Aphra (c. 1640–1689) Berdache Bestiality Bigamy Birth Control. See Contraception Bisexuality The Body Breastfeeding Byrd, William (1674–1744) Casanova, Giacomo Girolamo (1725–1798) Castlehaven, Earl of. See Touchet, Mervyn, Earl of Castlehaven Castration Celibacy Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547–1616) Chastity Chevalier d'Eon (1728–1810) Child Rape Childbirth Childhood and Adolescence Chinese Theater. See Theater, Chinese Circumcision Clothing and Fashion Concubines Consent Consumerism. See Household Consumerism Contraception Convents. See Monasteries Cosmetics and Perfume Courtship Cross-Dressing Dance Death D'Eon de Beaumont, Charles-Geneviève-Louis-Auguste-André-Thimothée. See Chevalier d'Eon Diderot, Denis (1713–1784) Divorce Domestic Violence Don Juan. See Tenorio, Don Juan Dueling Economics and Gender. See Household Consumerism Education Ejaculation Elliott, Grace Dalrymple (1754–1823) English Revolution. See Revolution and Gender Enlightenment Thought on Sexuality Erauso, Catalina de (1585–1650) Eunuchs Euphemisms and Slang European Art. See Art, American/European Explorers and Missionaries Express Consent. See Consent Fairy Tales Fanny Hill (Cleland, 1749) Fashion. See Clothing and Fashion Flagellation Folklore. See Myths and Folklore Food Footbinding Fornication Franklin, Benjamin (1706–1790) French Revolution. See Revolution and Gender Geisha Gender. See Revolution and Gender Gender Roles Gossip, Eighteenth-Century England Gossip, Seventeenth-Century America Guadalupe, Virgin of. See Virgin of Guadalupe Gynecology Manuals Harems Hermaphrodites Hinduism Hogarth, William (1697–1764) Homosexuality Household Consumerism Hysteria Implied Consent. See Consent Impotence Incest Indentured Servants India Inés de la Cruz, Sor Juana (1651–1695) Infanticide Insanity. See Madness Interracial Sex Islam Japanese Theater. See Theater, Japanese Judaism Laws Libertine Literacy. See Education Literature Madness Maritime Culture Marquis de Sade. See Sade, Donatien Alphonse François de Marriage Marvell, Andrew (1621–1678) Masculinity Masturbation Mather, Cotton (1663–1728) Medicine and Science Men. See Masculinity Menstruation Mexico, Indigenous Women of Mexico, Sexuality and Gender in Midwives and Physicians Milton, John (1608–1674) Missionaries. See Explorers and Missionaries Mistresses. See Royal Mistresses Mixed Marriages, New France Molly Houses Monasteries Murder Myths and Folklore Native Americans Newspapers Non-Western Art. See Art, Non-Western Nudity. See The Body Onanism. See Masturbation Opera Oral Sex Orgasm Orphans Ottoman Empire Paternity Patriarchy Perfectionists Perfume. See Cosmetics and Perfume Philosophy Physicians. See Midwives and Physicians Pirates Polyandry Pornography Pregnancy Premarital Sex Prostitutes and Prostitution Pueblo Indians Puritans Rape/Coerced Sex Rape Law Religion Restoration Poetry (1660–1700) Revolution and Gender Romantic Love Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–1788) Royal Mistresses Sade, Donatien Alphonse François de (1740–1814) Salons Science. See Medicine and Science Seduction Literature Sex Crimes Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) Slander/Defamation of Character. See Gossip, Eighteenth-Century England; Gossip, Seventeenth-Century America Slang. See Euphemisms and Slang Slavery Sodomy and Anti-Sodomy Law Southeastern Indians Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745) Taboos Taj Mahal Tenorio, Don Juan Theater, Chinese Theater, European Theater, Japanese Thistlewood, Thomas (1721–1786) Tobacco Tom Jones (Fielding, 1749) Torture Touchet, Mervyn, Earl of Castlehaven (1593–1631) Venereal Diseases Virgin Mary Virgin of Guadalupe Virgins/Virginity Virtue Voyeurism Wartime Rape Widows and Widowhood Wilmot, John, Earl of Rochester (1647–1680) Witches and Witch Trials Wollstonecraft Godwin, Mary (1759–1797) Women, Changing Images of Yorùbá Oral Poetry, Sexuality in Yoshiwara Set Preface Sex and love are part of the very fabric of daily life—universal concepts that permeate every human society and are central to how each society views and understands itself. However, the way sex and love are expressed or perceived varies from culture to culture, and, within a particular society, attitudes toward sex and love evolve over time alongside the culture from which they arose. To capture the multicultural and chronological dimensions of these vital concepts, the six-volume The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Love, Courtship, and Sexuality through History explores the array of ideas, attitudes, and practices that have constituted sex and love around the world and across the centuries. Each volume of alphabetically arranged entries was edited by an expert in the field who has drawn upon the expertise of contributors from many related disciplines to carefully analyze views toward sex and love among many cultures within a specified time period. Students and interested general readers will find in this work a host of current, informative, and engaging entries to help them compare and contrast different perceptions and practices across time and space. Entries cover such topics as customs and practices; institutions; legislation; religious beliefs; art and literature; and important ideas, innovations, and individuals. Users of this encyclopedia will, for instance, be able to learn how marriage in ancient Rome differed from marriage in Victorian England or in colonial America; how prostitution was viewed in medieval Europe and in the contemporaneous Islamic societies of Africa and the Middle East; and how or even if celibacy was practiced in eighteenth-century India, ancient Greece, or early modern Europe. Edited by James W. Howell, Volume 1, The Ancient World, explores love and sexuality in the great societies of Europe, Africa, and Asia in the period before around 300 CE. Entries include Marriage, Homosexuality, Temple Prostitution, and Sex in Art. Volume 2, The Medieval Era, by William E. Burns examines sex and love in Europe, East Asia, India, the Middle East, Africa, and pre-Columbian Mesoamerica in the period between around 300 and 1400. Entries in this volume include Arthurian Legend, Concubinage, Eunuchs, Krishna, Seclusion of Women, Thousand and One Nights, and Virginity. Volume 3, The Early Modern Period, edited by Victoria L. Mondelli and Cherrie Ann Gottsleben, with the assistance of Kristen Pederson Chew, focuses on sex and love in Europe, India, China, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Some important entries in this volume are Bastardy, Confucianism, Dowries, Sex Toys, Suttee, and William Shakespeare. Edited by Merril D. Smith, Volume 4, The Colonial and Revolutionary Age, looks at love and sexuality in western Europe, eastern Asia, India, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The volume offers entries such as Bestiality, Castration, Berdache, Harems, Pueblo Indians, and Yoshiwara. Volume 5, The Nineteenth Century, edited by Susan Mumm, explores sex and love in the Victorian period, primarily in Europe and the United States, but also in India, Asia, and the Middle East. Entries in this volume include Birth Control, Courtship, Fetishism, Native Americans, and Ottoman Women. Edited by James T. Sears, Volume 6, The Modern World, explores major topics in sex and sexuality from around the world in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. Entries include AIDS/HIV, Domestic and Relationship Violence, Internet Pornography, Politics and Sex, Premarital Sex, Television, and the Women's Movement.
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