The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems PDF
Preview The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems
Environmental Science Riccardo Valentini Franco Miglietta Editors The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science Series editors Rod Allan, Burlington, Canada Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234 Riccardo Valentini · Franco Miglietta Editors The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems 1 3 Editors Riccardo Valentini Franco Miglietta Department for Innovation in Biological, FoxLab Institute of Biometeorology Agro-Food and Forest System (DIBAF) National Research Council of Italy (CNR) University of Tuscia and Edmund Mach Foundation Viterbo San Michele all’Adige Italy Italy and Impacts on Agriculture, Forest and Natural Ecosystem Division (IAFENT) Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Changes (CMCC) Viterbo Italy ISSN 1431-6250 Environmental Science and Engineering ISBN 978-3-642-32423-9 ISBN 978-3-642-32424-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32424-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957323 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Part I The Overview 1 The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: A Synthesis ............... 3 Maria Vincenza Chiriacò and Riccardo Valentini 2 Carbon, Water and Energy Fluxes of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Italy .......................................... 11 Dario Papale, Mirco Migliavacca, Edoardo Cremonese, Alessandro Cescatti, Giorgio Alberti, Manuela Balzarolo, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Eleonora Canfora, Raffaele Casa, Pierpaolo Duce, Osvaldo Facini, Marta Galvagno, Lorenzo Genesio, Damiano Gianelle, Vincenzo Magliulo, Giorgio Matteucci, Leonardo Montagnani, Fabio Petrella, Andrea Pitacco, Guenther Seufert, Donatella Spano, Paolo Stefani, Francesco P. Vaccari and Riccardo Valentini 3 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions ................. 47 Rita Baraldi, Francesca Rapparini, Osvaldo Facini, Claudia Justina Kemper Pacheco, Giorgio Matteucci, Enzo Brancaleoni and Paolo Ciccioli Part II Forests 4 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystem: An Inventory Approach ... 61 Anna Barbati and Piermaria Corona 5 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystems: A Modeling Based Approach ............................................ 71 Angelo Nolè, Alessio Collalti, Marco Borghetti, Marta Chiesi, Gherardo Chirici, Federico Magnani, Serena Marras, Fabio Maselli, Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini v vi Contents 6 Emissions from Forest Fires: Methods of Estimation and National Results ........................................ 87 Valentina Bacciu, Donatella Spano and Michele Salis 7 Carbon Losses Due to Wood Harvesting and the Role of Wood Products .......................................... 103 Marco Marchetti, Gherardo Chirici and Bruno Lasserre Part III Croplands, Grasslands and Natural Ecosystems 8 Soil Carbon Stocks and Fluxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Tommaso Chiti, Costantino Sirca, Mirco Rodeghiero, Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini 9 NO Emission Factors for Italian Crops ........................ 135 2 Simona Castaldi, Giorgio Alberti, Teresa Bertolini, Annachiara Forte, Franco Miglietta, Riccardo Valentini and Angelo Fierro 10 Cropland and Grassland Management ......................... 145 Emanuele Lugato, Agata Novara, Damiano Gianelle, Loris Vescovo and Alessandro Peressotti Part IV Regional Case Studies 11 The Role of Vineyards in the Carbon Balance Throughout Italy .... 159 Damiano Gianelle, Luciano Gristina, Andrea Pitacco, Donatella Spano, Tommaso La Mantia, Serena Marras, Franco Meggio, Agata Novara, Costantino Sirca and Matteo Sottocornola 12 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Sicilian Case Study ......... 173 Juliane Rühl, Luciano Gristina, Tommaso La Mantia, Agata Novara and Salvatore Pasta 13 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Case Study ................................................ 185 Giorgio Alberti, Gemini Delle Vedove, Silvia Stefanelli and Giuseppe Vanone 14 Trying to Link Vegetation Units with Biomass Data: The Case Study of Italian Shrublands ......................... 195 Salvatore Pasta, Tommaso La Mantia, Serena Marras, Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini Acronyms AF/R/D Afforestation/reforestation/deforestation AIC Akaike’s information criterion ANN Artificial Neural Network BEF Biomass expansion factor BVOC Biogenic volatile organic compounds BWD Basic wood density CAI Current annual increment CC Combustion completeness CE Combustion efficiency CLC Corine land cover CO eq Amount of CO that would have the same global warming 2 2 potential (GWP) for a given amount of greenhouse gas CRO Cropland CUP Carbon uptake period DBF Deciduous broadleaf forest DBH Diameter at breast height EBF Evergreen broadleaf forest EF Emission factor ENF Evergreen needleleaf forest FE Fire emissions FIE Fertilizer-induced emission FM Forest management GHG Greenhouse gas GIS Geographic information system GPG-LULUCF Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. It refers to IPCC (2003) Penman J., Gytarsky M., Hiraishi T., Krug, T., Kruger D., Pipatti R., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K., Wagner F., Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, land-Use Change and Forestry IPCC/IGES, Hayama, Japan GPP Gross primary production vii viii Acronyms GRA Grassland IAV Interannual variability INFC National inventory of forests and forest carbon pools IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change ISCI Carbon stock inventory ISTAT National statistics agency IUTI Land use inventory LAI Leaf area index LUC Land use change LULUCF Land use, land-use change and forestry MBE Mean bias error NEE Net ecosystem exchange NEP Net ecosystem production NPP Net primary production Nr Reactive nitrogen PAR Photosynthetically active radiation PBMs Process-based models PFT Plant functional types QA/QC Quality assurance/quality control RMSE Root mean square error SHB Shrubland SLA Specific leaf area SOA Secondary organic aerosols SOC Soil organic carbon SOM Soil organic matter SVAT Soil-vegetation-atmosphere transport TER Total ecosystem respiration UNFCCC United nations framework convention on climate change VOC Volatile organic compounds VPD Vapor pressure deficit Part I The Overview
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