The Green Shirts and the Others: A History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania

555 Pages·1970·21.689 MB·English

by  Nicholas M. Nagy-Talavera

The Green Shirts
and the Others
A History ofFascism in Hungary and Romania

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Nicholas M. Nagy-Talavera
The Green Shirts
and the Others
A History ofFascism in Hungary and Romania
The Center for Romanian Studies
Iasi @ Oxford Portland
2001
Publishedin Romania by
THE CENTER FOR ROMANIAN STUDIES
The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studics
Oficiul Postal I, Casuta Postala 108
Str. Poligon nr. lla
6600 Iasi, Romania
www.romanianstudics.ro
Publishedin GreatBritainby
THE CENTERFORROMANIAN STUDIES
c/o Drake International Services
MarketHouse
Market Place
Deddington
OxfordOX15 OSE
GreatBritain
Publishedtn the UnitedStatesofAmerica by
THE CENTERFORROMANIAN STUDIES
c/o International Specialized BookServices
5804N.E. Hassalo St.
Portland, Oregon 97213, USA
www.isbs.com
FirstEdition© HooverInstitutionPress,Stantord,CA, 1970
National LibraryofRomaniaCataloging-in-Publication Data
NAGY-TALAVERA, NICHOLASM.
The Green Shirts andthe Others: A HistoryofFascism in Hungaryand
Romania/NicholasM. Nagy-Talavera. lasi,Oxford, Portland: The Centerfor
RomanianStudies, 2001. 548 pp., 22cm.
Bibliography, Index
ISBN 973-9432-11-5
94(439+498)"1918/1945”
321.64(439+498)
ISBN 973-9432-11-5
Copvright©2001 byTheCenterfor Romanian Studies
Printed in Romania
Contents
Preface .. 0... ccc ce cee cence eee enn eveeeeees7
Acknowledgements .......... 00. cece cee nee e eee eeneeee9
Chapter I —Two Lands within the “No-Man’s Land”
of Europe: Hungary and Romania ..............0.000005 13
Chapter II —The Jews of Hungary and Romania...............61
Chapter JI] — Fascism in Hungary ......... 0.0.0 ce cece ee eeee75
Chapter IV—The Great Crash and Its Aftermath ............. 121
Chapter V—La GrandeIllusion. ..............00 02.000 00 5 175
Chapter VI — “The Common Hungarian-German Destiny .......237
Chapter VI] — 1944 ... cece cece eee ee teens267
Chapter VII] —The Hungarianist Empire ................04.321
Chapter IX—The Emissary of the Archangel ................. 343
Chapter X —The Legion against Carolist Romania ............383
Chapter XI — From the Sixth of September
to the Sixth ofMarch ........ 0... cece ce eee431
Chapter XII — Conclusions and Parallels ...............0.000.477
Bibliography .. 0.0... ee ee eee ee eens515

Preface
This is the second edition of the first more or less comprehensive
and comparative work in the English language concerning the history of
the Fascist movement in Hungary and Romania — the only East Euro-
pean countries where Fascism assumed the character of a mass move-
ment. But it can also serve as more than a study of Fascist movementsin
two relatively unimportant East European countries: it hopefully can
shed somelight on contemporary political developments in several parts
ofthe world as well.
Some of the readers of the original manuscript would have pre-
ferred that this work consider the subject from an ideological point of
view, i.e., from the point of view of an established theory. But one of the
writer’s primary aims was to gather as manyfacts as possible about these
times in Hungary and Romania andto present them as objectively as pos-
sible. Therefore, this work is anti-ideological because the writer considers
ideologies in general, and in East Central Europe in particular, to be at
best little more than distorted reflection of the real thing: the national
sentiment. In other words, ideologies everywhere disguise only ambi-
tions, and perhaps nowhereis this so patently true as in that part of the
world where Hungary and Romaniaare located.
But although this work is anti-ideological, it nevertheless tries to
convey the importance of an idea — a quest, yearning for a constructive
nationalism compatible with humanity and with a recognized need for
development. This quest seems to be the task of the second half of the
twentieth century elsewhere, as well. The problems which Hungary and
Romania faced between 1918 and 1945 were very similar to the prob-
lems confronted by many countries in the underdeveloped world today.
Hungary with its Westernized structure presented problemssimilar to