THE GREAT WALL THE GREAT WALL A Cultural History CARLOS ROJAS HarvardUniversityPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 2010 Copyright©2010bythePresidentand FellowsofHarvardCollege Allrightsreserved LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Rojas,Carlos,1970– TheGreatWall:aculturalhistory/CarlosRojas. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-674-04787-7(alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-674-04787-7(alk.paper) 1.GreatWallofChina(China)—History. 2.China—Civilization. I.Title. DS793.G67R652010 951—dc22 2010024946 ForEileen Contents Illustrations ix SelectedChronology xi OnNames xiii Prologue:OnOrigins 1 1 AUnityofGaps 13 2 AspirationsofImmortality 43 3 BetweenHistoryandLegend 67 4 AGardenofForkingPaths 92 5 AnotherBrickintheWall 126 6 AVeryQueerThing 148 Epilogue:ReturntoOrigins 172 Appendix:GettingThere 181 FurtherReading 187 Notes 193 Acknowledgments 201 Index 203 Illustrations ObamaatBadaling ObamaatBadaling,with“OneWorldOneDream”signinback- ground TimesSquarebillboardshowingObamaatBadaling ProjecttoExtendtheGreatWallofChinaby10,000Meters:Proj- ectforExtraterrestrialsNo.10,CaiGuo-Qiang(1993) “TheGreatWallofChina,”RobertRipley,BelieveItorNot! (1932) Chinae,olimsinarumregionis,novadescriptio:AuctoreLudouico Georgio,AbrahamOrteliusandLuisJorgedeBarbuda(1584) AGeographicMap,SouthernSongmapofnorthwesternChina (1155) QindynastyWall ImageoftheWallformedoutofoversizeprintingblocks,Beijing OlympicGamesOpeningCeremony,directedbyZhangYimou (2008) WarringStates–periodwalls Handynastywalls WallcircleinDragonGateInn,directedbyKingHu(1967) NorthernWei,NorthernQi,Sui,Liao,andJindynastywalls MapofChineseandBarbarianNations,Songdynastymapof China(1040/1137) MingandQingWall ix
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