The Great Depression in America [Two Volumes] [2 volumes]: A Cultural Encyclopedia

681 Pages·2007·6.67 MB·English

by  William H. Young

The Great
Depression in
America
Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Young, WilliamH.,1939–
The GreatDepression inAmerica :a cultural encyclopedia /WilliamH.
Youngand Nancy K. Young.
2 v.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-313-33520-6(set :alk. paper)—ISBN 0-313-33521-4(v.1 :
alk. paper)—ISBN0-313-33522-2 (v.2 :alk. paper)
1. Popularculture—UnitedStates—History—20th century—
Encyclopedias. 2.United States—Civilization—1918–1945—
Encyclopedias. 3.United States—Intellectual life—20th century—
Encyclopedias. 4.United States—Social life and customs—1918–1945—
Encyclopedias. 5.United States—Biography—Encyclopedias. 6.
Depressions—1929—United States—Encyclopedias. I.Young, Nancy K.,
1940–II. Title.
E169.1.Y595 2007
973.910003—dc22 2006100693
BritishLibrary Cataloguing inPublication Data isavailable.
Copyright (cid:2)2007by WilliamH. Youngand Nancy K. Young
Allrights reserved. Noportionof thisbookmay be
reproduced, byany process ortechnique, withoutthe
express written consentofthe publisher.
Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number:2006100693
ISBN-10: 0-313-33520-6 (set) ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33520-4 (set)
0-313-33521-4 (vol. 1) 978-0-313-33521-1(vol. 1)
0-313-33522-2 (vol. 2) 978-0-313-33522-8(vol. 2)
First publishedin 2007
Greenwood Press,88Post RoadWest,Westport, CT06881
An imprintofGreenwood PublishingGroup, Inc.
www.greenwood.com
Printedin theUnited States ofAmerica
Thepaper usedinthis bookcomplies with the
Permanent Paper Standardissued bythe National
Information StandardsOrganization (Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
VOLUME1
AlphabeticalListofEntries ix
GuidetoRelatedTopics xiii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction xxiii
TheEncyclopedia,EntriesA–M 1
VOLUME2
AlphabeticalListofEntries ix
GuidetoRelatedTopics xiii
TheEncyclopedia,EntriesN–Z 345
SelectedResources 597
Index 627
Alphabetical List of Entries
Advertising Civilian ConservationCorps (CCC)
Airships Coffee & Tea
AlcoholicBeverages Columbo,Russ
AlcoholicsAnonymous(A.A.) ComicBooks
American Gothic ComicStrips
Amos’n’ Andy Contract Bridge
AppleMary Crime
Architecture Crosby,Bing
ArtDeco
Astaire, Fred, &GingerRogers Design
AutoCamps Desserts
Automobiles Dick Tracy
Aviation Dionne Quintuplets
Disney, Walt
Baseball Douglas DC-3
Basie,Count Dracula
Basketball
Benton,Thomas Hart Earhart, Amelia
Berlin,Irving Education
BestSellers (Books) Ellington,Duke
BigLittleBooks Empire State Building,The
Blondie
BookClubs Fads
Bowling Fairs &Expositions
Boxing Fashion
‘‘Brother, CanYouSpare aDime?’’ Federal ArtProject (FAP)
Buses Federal BureauofInvestigation (FBI)
Federal Music Project(FMP)
Caldwell,Erskine Federal Theatre Project (FTP)
Candy Federal Writers’Project (FWP)
Carter Family,The Fields, Dorothy
Centuryof ProgressExposition(Chicago Flash Gordon
World’sFair) Food
Children’sFilms Football
ChinaClippers 42nd Street
Chrysler Building,The Frankenstein
Circuses Frozen Foods
ALPHABETICAL LISTOF ENTRIES
Games Moses,Robert
Gangster Films Motels
Gardner,ErleStanley Motorsports
Garland, Judy Movies
Gas Stations Music
Gershwin, George, &Ira Gershwin Musicals (Stage &Screen)
Golf Mysteries& Hard-Boiled Detectives
Gonewith the Wind (Novel &Movie) (Print& Film)
Goodman, Benny
Grand Ole Opry National Barn Dance, The
GrapesofWrath, The (Novel& Movie) NewDeal
Grocery Stores & Supermarkets Newspapers
Gumps,The NewYork World’sFair
Guthrie, Woody
OlympicGames
Henderson, Fletcher Operettas
Hillbillies
Hobbies Photography
Hollywood ProductionCode PoliticalParties
Hoover, Herbert Polo
Hopper, Edward PorgyandBess
Horror &Fantasy Films Porter,Cole
Horse Racing PrinceValiant
Hotels Prohibition& Repeal (1920–1933)
Propaganda& Anti-AxisFilms
Ice Cream PulpMagazines
Ice Skating& Hockey
Illustrators RaceRelations &Stereotyping
International Style Radio
ItHappened OneNight RadioNetworks
Reader’s Digest
Jazz Recordings
Jigsaw Puzzles Regionalism
Jitterbug Religion
Jukeboxes Restaurants
Robeson,Paul
Kern, Jerome RockefellerCenter (Radio City)
King Kong Rockwell, Norman
Rodgers& Hart(RichardRodgers &Lorenz
Leisure &Recreation Hart)
Life& Fortune RollerSkating
Li’l Abner Roosevelt,Eleanor
Lindbergh Kidnapping Roosevelt,Franklin Delano
Little Caesar
Little Orphan Annie Saturday EveningPost
Science Fiction (Magazines &Books, Comic
Magazines Strips,Movies, &Radio)
Marathon Dancing ScrewballComedies
March ofTime, The (Radio &Film) Sculpture
Marsh, Reginald Seabiscuit
MarxBrothers, The Serials (Radio& Movies)
Miller,Glenn Sheeler,Charles
Miniature Golf SheetMusic
Monopoly Sinatra,Frank
x
ALPHABETICAL LIST OFENTRIES
SingingCowboys Temple, Shirley
Skiing Tennis
Smith,Kate Terryand the Pirates
SnowWhiteand the SevenDwarfs Toys
SoapOperas Trailers
SocialConsciousness Films Trains
SocialRealism Transportation
Softball Travel
SoftDrinks
Songwriters& Lyricists Vallee, Rudy
Spectacle & CostumeDramaFilms
Stage Productions (Drama) Welles, Orson
StampCollecting Western Films
Streamlining Winchell, Walter
Superman Wizard ofOz, The
Swimming Wood, Grant
Swing Wright, FrankLloyd
Wyeth, N. C.
Tarzan
Teenage& JuvenileDelinquency Films Your HitParade
Television Youth
xi
Guide to Related Topics
ART AVIATION
Advertising Airships
American Gothic Aviation
ArtDeco ChinaClippers
Benton,Thomas Hart Douglas DC-3
Centuryof ProgressExposition Earhart, Amelia
(ChicagoWorld’s Fair) Lindbergh Kidnapping
ComicBooks Transportation
ComicStrips Travel
Design
Disney, Walt COMIC BOOKS& STRIPS
Fashion Apple Mary
FederalArt Project(FAP) BigLittle Books
Hopper,Edward Blondie
Illustrators ComicBooks
Marsh,Reginald ComicStrips
Photography Dick Tracy
Regionalism Flash Gordon
Rockwell,Norman Gumps,The
Sculpture Hillbillies
Sheeler,Charles Illustrators
SocialRealism Li’l Abner
Streamlining Little Orphan Annie
Wood,Grant PrinceValiant
Wyeth, N.C. Serials
Superman
ARCHITECTURE Tarzan
Architecture Terryand the Pirates
ArtDeco
Centuryof ProgressExposition EXPOSITIONS/FAIRS
(ChicagoWorld’s Fair) Century ofProgress Exposition
Chrysler Building,The (Chicago World’sFair)
EmpireState Building, The Circuses
International Style Fairs &Expositions
NewYork World’sFair New YorkWorld’s Fair
RockefellerCenter
(RadioCity) FADS/GAMES
Wright,Frank Lloyd Contract Bridge
GUIDETO RELATED TOPICS
Dionne Quintuplets Western Films
Fads WizardofOz, The
Games
Hobbies FOOD& DRINK
Jigsaw Puzzles Advertising
Jitterbug Alcoholic Beverages
Leisure &Recreation AlcoholicsAnonymous(A.A.)
Marathon Dancing Candy
Miniature Golf Coffee &Tea
Monopoly Desserts
Roller Skating Food
Softball FrozenFoods
StampCollecting Grocery Stores & Supermarkets
Swing Ice Cream
Toys Prohibition& Repeal (1920–1933)
Restaurants
FILM SoftDrinks
Astaire, Fred, & GingerRogers
Blondie GOVERNMENT
Children’s Films CivilianConservation Corps (CCC)
Dick Tracy Crime
Disney, Walt Education
Dracula FederalArt Project (FAP)
Flash Gordon FederalBureau ofInvestigation (FBI)
42nd Street FederalMusic Project (FMP)
Frankenstein FederalTheatre Project(FTP)
Gangster Films FederalWriters’ Project (FWP)
Garland, Judy Hoover,Herbert
Gonewith the Wind (Novel &Movie) Moses,Robert
GrapesofWrath, The (Novel& Movie) NewDeal
Hollywood ProductionCode Photography
Horror &Fantasy Films PoliticalParties
ItHappened OneNight Prohibition& Repeal (1920–1933)
King Kong Propaganda& Anti-AxisFilms
Little Caesar RaceRelations &Stereotyping
March ofTime, The (Radio &Film) Religion
MarxBrothers, The Roosevelt,Eleanor
Movies Roosevelt,Franklin Delano
Musicals (Stage & Screen) Transportation
Mysteries &Hard-Boiled Detectives (Print & Travel
Film) Youth
Operettas
Propaganda &Anti-Axis Films INDIVIDUALS
Science Fiction Astaire, Fred, &Ginger Rogers
Screwball Comedies Basie,Count
Serials (Radio &Movies) Benton,Thomas Hart
SingingCowboys Berlin,Irving
SnowWhite andthe Seven Dwarfs Caldwell,Erskine
Social Consciousness Films Carter Family,The
Spectacle &CostumeDrama Films Columbo,Russ
Tarzan Crosby,Bing
Teenage &Juvenile Delinquency Films DionneQuintuplets
Television Disney, Walt
Temple, Shirley Earhart,Amelia
xiv
GUIDE TO RELATEDTOPICS
Ellington,Duke MAGAZINES
Fields,Dorothy Advertising
Gardner,ErleStanley Illustrators
Garland, Judy Life& Fortune
Gershwin,George, & Ira Gershwin Magazines
Goodman,Benny Photography
Guthrie, Woody Pulp Magazines
Henderson,Fletcher Rockwell, Norman
Hoover,Herbert Reader’s Digest
Hopper,Edward Saturday EveningPost
Kern,Jerome
Marsh,Reginald MUSIC
MarxBrothers,The Astaire, Fred, & GingerRogers
Miller,Glenn ‘‘Brother, Can YouSparea Dime?’’
Moses,Robert Federal Music Project(FMP)
Porter,Cole 42nd Street
Robeson,Paul Garland, Judy
Rockwell,Norman Grand Ole Opry
Rodgers&Hart Hillbillies
(RichardRodgers& Lorenz Hart) Jazz
Roosevelt,Eleanor Jitterbug
Roosevelt,Franklin Delano Jukeboxes
Sinatra,Frank Marathon Dancing
Smith,Kate Music
Temple,Shirley Musicals (Stage & Screen)
Vallee, Rudy National BarnDance, The
Welles,Orson Operettas
Winchell, Walter Porgyand Bess
Wood,Grant Recordings
Wright,Frank Lloyd Sheet Music
Wyeth, N.C. SingingCowboys
Songwriters &Lyricists
LITERATURE Swing
BestSellers (Books) Your HitParade
BigLittleBooks
BookClubs MUSICIANS
Caldwell,Erskine Basie,Count
ComicBooks Carter Family, The
Dracula Columbo,Russ
FederalWriters’ Project(FWP) Crosby,Bing
Frankenstein Ellington,Duke
Gardner,ErleStanley Goodman, Benny
Gonewith the Wind Guthrie, Woody
(Novel& Movie) Henderson, Fletcher
GrapesofWrath, The Miller,Glenn
(Novel& Movie) Robeson, Paul
Hillbillies Sinatra, Frank
Illustrators Smith, Kate
Magazines Vallee, Rudy
Mysteries& Hard-BoiledDetectives
(Print&Film) NEWSPAPERS
Newspapers Advertising
Science Fiction Apple Mary
Tarzan Blondie
xv
GUIDETO RELATED TOPICS
ComicStrips SONGWRITERS& LYRICISTS
Dick Tracy Berlin,Irving
Flash Gordon Fields, Dorothy
Gumps,The Gershwin,George, & Ira Gershwin
Li’l Abner Kern,Jerome
Little Orphan Annie Porter,Cole
Newspapers Rodgers& Hart(RichardRodgers &Lorenz
PrinceValiant Hart)
Roosevelt, Eleanor Songwriters &Lyricists
Tarzan
Terryand the Pirates SPORTS
Winchell, Walter Baseball
Basketball
Bowling
ORGANIZATIONS
Boxing
Alcoholics Anonymous(A.A.)
Football
Civilian ConservationCorps (CCC)
Golf
Federal ArtProject (FAP)
HorseRacing
Federal BureauofInvestigation (FBI)
Ice Skating&Hockey
Federal Music Project(FMP)
Miniature Golf
Federal Theatre Project (FTP)
Motorsports
Federal Writers’Project (FWP)
OlympicGames
Political Parties
Polo
RollerSkating
RADIO Seabiscuit
Advertising Skiing
Amos ’n’Andy Softball
Grand Ole Opry Swimming
Hillbillies Tennis
Little Orphan Annie
March ofTime, The (Radio &Film)
THEATER
Radio
Berlin,Irving
Radio Networks
FederalTheatre Project(FTP)
Rockefeller Center (RadioCity)
Gershwin,George, & Ira Gershwin
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Kern,Jerome
Science Fiction
Musicals (Stage &Screen)
Serials (Radio &Movies)
PorgyandBess
Smith, Kate
Porter,Cole
SoapOperas
Operettas
National BarnDance, The
RockefellerCenter (Radio City)
Welles, Orson
Rodgers& Hart(RichardRodgers &Lorenz
Winchell, Walter
Hart)
Your HitParade
Stage Productions (Drama)
Welles,Orson
SOCIAL ISSUES
Crime TRAVEL
Dionne Quintuplets Airships
Lindbergh Kidnapping AutoCamps
New Deal Automobiles
Prohibition &Repeal (1920–1933) Aviation
Race Relations& Stereotyping Buses
Religion Century ofProgressExposition(Chicago
Roosevelt, Eleanor World’sFair)
Social Consciousness Films ChinaClippers
xvi