Table Of Content

TheG randmasMtienrd' s AmatzAivan i r8AIB�lITl l Firpsutb liisnth heUedK b yG ambPiutb licLatt2di0 o0n4s Copyr©i Agmhatt Azvinai2 004 Threi gohfAt m atAzvinait o ibdee ntaistfi heaeud t ohoftr h is worka sh­as been seritne da ccowridtahnC coteph yer Diegshitga,nn sPd a teAnct1ts9 88. Alrli grhetsse rTvheibdso. oi kss o lsdujb cetto t hceo nditthiiaosttnh anlolbt y, wayo ft raodroe t hweirsbee, lre-enostl,hd i,r oeudot r owtihsceeir rcuilna ted anfyo rmb ionfd oircn ogv oetrh ert htiahnwta h ni icithps u bliasnhde dw iat hout simicloanrd iitnicolnut dhicinosgn dibteiiionmngp oosnet dhs eu bsepquure­nt chaser. A copoyft hBer itLiisbhrC aartya loignPu uibnlgi cdaattiiasao v nla aibflorem the BLriibtriasrhy . ISB1N9 04610900 DISTRIBUTION: Wordlwi(dee xcUeSpAt:)C entBroakolsL td9,9W allRidsL, o ndEo9n5 LN. Te+l4 4( 0)829084 68 5F4a +x4 4( 0)8253035 281. E-mialo:rr [email protected] USAB:H B InteirnoantIanl.c3,, 02 W esNto rthS rt2eneSdten ,e cSaC,2 9687, USA. Foarl olt heenrq ui(riinecsla uf dluillni gsa tlG lao mfb cihets tsi tplleesca)ons ­e tatchte pubGlaimsbPhiuetbr lsi,c LattPdiO.,o.B n os3x 26 40L,o ndWo1n4O JN. E-miali:no [email protected] Orv istihGteA MBIwTe bs iatthe t twpw:w/g./ambikts.cboomo EditbeyGd r ahBaumr gses Tyepstbe yJ ohNnu nn Coviemra bgyeW olffM orrow PrinitnGe rde Barti tbayTi hnCe r omwPerelslTs r,ob wridWgiel.,t s 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GambPiutb licLattdi ons ManagiDniegrc tGoMr M:u rrCahya ndler CheDsiser ctGoMr J:o hNnu nn EdirtioDailer ctFoMrG :r ahBaumre gss GemranE ditoWrF:M P etNruan n Contents Symbols 4 Acknowledgements 5 Inotdruction 6 Par1t: I nterviews 10 1 GM LePvs akhis 12 2 GM AloGnr eeenlfd 23 3 GadCyos teff 33 4 GM YonaK osashvili 42 5 GM AliGke rshon 53 6 IMA lexaMnidkehras lkeyv 63 7 GM GadRie chlis 73 8 GM BoGreialsnf d 83 9 OfeCro may 95 10 GM ZvulGoonf shtein 140 11G M DovZ ifroni 131 12 GM IlSimai rin 132 Par2t: D iscussion 133 13 ThTeh inkoifGn Mgs 143 14 A SystefmoP rr oblSeolmv-ing 144 15 ThGe rand-APplparno ach 105 16 ThDe ilemomfaa nI mpasse 135 17 ThAet traocfBt eiauotni Ifduela s 185 18 Sreendipity 161 19 Proasn Cdo nso fE xpesret i 146 20 YesT,h eayr Dei effrent 176 21 CritSiuccaclFe ascst ors 170 Refnecrsee 171 IndoefPx l ayers 147 IndoefCx o mposaenrds Analysts 167 IndoefOx p enings 167 Symbols + check ++ doubclhee ck # checkmate " brilmloivaen t ' goomdo ve !? intermeosvtei ng ?! dubimoouvse ? bad move ?? blunder Ch championship crar. corsrpeondgeanmcee 10- thgea meen disna winW hfiotre lf2-lh thgea me ienan ddsr aw 01- thgea meen disna winB lfaocrk (n) nth mgaatmceh (D) senee xdti agram Supersncurmibpe(t.re gs) .i nditcharete efn ecrelesi sotne dp sa1 g76e-.9 33 In itnhtee rsvq,iu eewstbiyto hnaesu thaorsreh owinnia tilcT.h e intewreevsir'see posneasr gei vienn quomtaakrts.i on Acknowledgements Expsrisenogne 'tsh ouignhaft oser iglna nguiansgo ee a stya sIak m.d eepilny­ debtteomd yf irenRda apPheyr sfiohtriz ds e voatsessdti ainncp eo lisahnidn g calryiifnmgyt ext. Ia mg ratteomf yut lw elivnet ewreevsfi,oet rh ecioproe raatniidon ns ti;seg sh­ pecitaoAl lloyGn r eeendlf,w hor eatdhc eo pmlemtaen uscarncidop ntt ributed valucaobmmleen .t s Thbeo oikds e diclaitakelemdl y,p revbioooutksoms y,l ovfianimgl Nya:a ma, YuvaOlh,a adn Yda el. AmatAzvinai Marc2h0,0 4 RamaItl-aIns,r ael Itnordutcoin Thgea bpe tweexepne arntndso i vciess Int hfiee lodfc hesmsa,n ayss ume ani ngturiitnogp fiocir n svteigaitni tohnsa ttr opnlgaeyre rssi mwpsilplyol t vaoruifise dlsF.i ndainan ngs wert oa sst ronmgoeevrsT .h iasss umptiiso n whadti ffnetrieaotngeers o furpmo thea musiinlglrluayst bteytd h felo lowing othiesnr o otn loyfg reiantt setbr,ue tt ale. contcaliren asp raicmtpilcianclsa .t io Two fnudamenqtuaeolsn tsair ise: whya rseo mpee opmloers ekl ildte han otrh;sea nhdo wd oetsh idsi fference expsrsie tself. Asf otrh fier sitsu ser,e seahracsh indictahteaextdp earrtaesb lteor ec­ ognimzeea niunlpg afttoefrni sno fr­ matiuonnn otbiycn eodiv c;et shey orgatnhiezie r knaorwolucenoddrg ee conceapntdms a ojr npcprilietsh at guitdhee tihrin ngkE.ix pearrtaesl so capaobflf el exriebtlryi iemvpionrg­ tanats peocftt hse irl ekdnwgoiewt h Whittoep lay little eafftrott1.e T nhteiyv ee xcel in thefiierlb dea ucsteh epyo esssmso re Accroditnoag n o lbdo obkyB ri­ knwoledguend,e rsitnagns,dep cifibcr ag2e,t rh i(sc opmods)?ep osition talaennedtx pertiheanmncos eot f u s.w apsr esetnoft oeucdrl asosfpe lsa y­ Howm ucohft heeixrp esreit isin here­r.Ts hew eakpelsatyc ehro1 s: eh 2, itaendhd o w miusgc ahi ntehdr outghhr eatmeantiienno gn aen pdr epar­ devotainodhna rwdo rrke,m aainn si ntgo m1e. ectJ.tb.3 +w it2h "i¥ xb3 on-ignogs pdtuie. i¥xb33ctJ g6(#w ehlelw ,a s tnhoatt weaikhf e 'ndo titche!id)Hs .ow ever, Howd oeasne xp'essr utperiohreii gtnyo hrieosdp ponn'tetsh rt,esa and ovehri pse erresv eiatls eElxfp?e rtthsu s suctcol.u i¥.mx.bb2 e!+d if 2x b2 arseu pposteord e abceht atnefdrsa terctJ b3#. deicisonasn dt oa chiaenv vee orallA somewshtarto pnlgae-yrbe urt highpeefrrro mnace. nostt reonnogu gihd-entBilfia'ecsdk INTORDUCITON 7 plottoe xpltohipeti nnae-adn db ­ welrlo-dtdoepne npiantgfh lo,l owing pawannspd r oopsetdpo a rrhyit sh reaatf msa ilmiiadrdg laemp el ,ao nra pply­ by,s ya,1 ltJc3o r1etJ a3. inpgr ovperni nciintp hlee se ndgame, Thteh iprlda hyietr uwpionnn ianm gos ptl ayaerlreis k teorl eya scihm ri la contiino:un altJ1tg 6+h xg26l:. h2+d esciinosI.it os nlayta fjenuwc tures i.x.h32l:. xh2"ili+x h42"ili xh2T#h.i st hatthm ee na rsee rpaatfeordm t he icse rtagionoldy enboututhg behe ,s tb oys. playfueonrda s horatnemdro re elWeh­ewne r efleocnt idcehases,s in ganstou lti:o "ilin1x h7�+x h27l:. h2#.i ti st hesspee acloi cceunrcrtehsa t catocuhar t toen.nH toiwd oeass t rong Thidse scri(ptthsieto rno nthgeep rl acyoenrc ueinvuesn uoaonlr-,d inary plyaetrh,me o rhees eemsa)y wreel­clo ncetphtaestsp ceah ilse srbs reeth­ flecrte alattih tey lloewvoeefrcl hess sr enW?h aetx acgtoleoysni nh is mind skl.ilH owevtehri,n agrsde ifferednutr isnugcm ho ments? witmha tuarneed x peripelynaecresd: manoyft herme acrhe aas osntaabnl­eI atp petahrast s itmhpeml eetshto d darodfp, ly a,w herteh eayrw ee ll oafcfi ­ndionugtt h aen swteotr h piesr ­ quaiwnittethdhp er incainpbdla essi pcl exqiunegs tiisto oln i sttoew nh at stratoaftg hegmeas m. Ae ta na veratgoepp l ayhearvtseos aAyl.a, r sesults in cluby-eplrle av(e1l08 02-00E0l o)t hdiisr ectniooatnl waaryes .h elpful one recoginmipzoerst oaftan h cee passpeadwt nh,re o lea orfoo ontk h e severnatnthkh ,se t reonfagb tihs hop­ piara,n tdh iem portoafcn ecnet raliz­ inag k inignt heen dgaOmnee.i s mormee ticualboomuuotsv e-oirnd er thoep en,iv naglutehnsee etdoi m­ protvhee socfoo nep'eps i esc) ae,n( d stritvoce rse sattreu cwteukarnsaeesls int hoep pon'ecsna tm.Tp he average cl-upbyleawro uld cebrect aapian­ly bloefs olvinpgr otbhlpeer me sented abovaeto urb estta le-sloelv.ve elr Hencteh,de i fferbenectew eheinm anadg randmiansso tsteoe r a styod e­ LuiW enzh-eD onner pict. BuenoAsie rs( Oylmpaid1)9 87 Whittoep lay Iste etmhsba ottg hr andmaasntde rs clupbl-ayers maapnppyros oiatciho nIsnh insoe tst,hC eh inpelsaery ee­r theavto ldvuer iacn hegs gsa mient hec ountthsha eti ntentdhseeed q uence smaew ayW.h enw alktihnorgu gah 14"ili h4( threamtaetn1ei.4)nf .g51. 5 8 THEG RADNMASETR'MSI ND �c4",w heanlo lfa s uddtehined eoaf 17.� .c.8 18 ltJe5ltJ x�cb68+ 19 aq uesecanr idfiacwen oenmd e ."3 �b72 0ctJ e5l:. ac281 ..t c6�+a 72 2 14"iVh 4 f515"iVh 7+ctJ f716� xg6!+ li:Jxf7 �xg6 17 ��hh715 8+ i-fi-7h+6 Whiwteen otnt ow iinn m4o2vs e. 19g 6ctJ+g 72 0i. x.h61+- 0 Karpmoavr vheolwts h ciosm bination Thwei nnwearasr elatiinveexlpybe e­acmep ossib:"l Wehaptr econditions rienpcleadya ettr ht ei mveai;ra tiofnros t aicctasr per see?n Ptractically ont hsit actmioctahilaf bd e esne enn on.Te hek nigahltoh naeas d vanced beofr.eM aybiefw et uronu art tent­oam oroerl esas ctpiovsei attai 4o n tiotnoa m orhee avywpeliagyhiettr .,t. h.te w roo oakrsoe no pefinel sb,u t wiclolrn itbuotueur n tdoe rstoafn .d ie.nv ge. r ytihsdi eenfngd eAdn.dy et howg reiadtee amse rge. theirsaec ombin!aA tnidyo onwui ll bee vemno rseu rsperwdih eyno sue e that otuwoto ft hteh raecet ively placwehdi ptiee caerssea criifinc ed turn4. " Inp lawiondr sa,ne x-wocrhladm ­ piosnya sIh: a adb rilildieIada no;t'n t knohwo wid ta wnoenmd e i;dt o se'nt folwn aturfoarlmtl hype o istiIom'n ; baffled. Anh oneasctc oubnuottn, e t hat, liktehp er veioouns,ed oes not have mucphr actviaclafuloet r h ree ader whoti retsob eneffiortm t hceh ma­ pi'onsw isdo.mI fa greiadte jasu t Karpov- Gulok lanfdorsm a c lres akyt,h eirsne o t OropesdaeM la r1 996 mucwhe c adno t oe muliatt.e Whittoep lay Resrecahearrlseo nagw arteh aat Int hpioss itiboanr,eo luyot f t heg redaetao lfa ne xpte'krsn olwe digse openipnhga seexw,-o rlcdh ampitoanc tihtia;sth , ec na'atl waayrcstu ilate AnatKoalryp coovin dserceodn tinwuh­aitit s p,r ecitshehaletiy s, d5o• ing inqgu iewtilt1yh5 i. c3,bu tth e"na Someetsia,mt hipradri tnsye edteod combtiinviaed esau ddeonccluyr reedl ikcnioltwe dtghea th iidsdi enn an tom e." exp'emsri tnd. 15 �x�dx7d+17!6 li:J xb6!+ .i.xb6T hisst aotfae fa fimrost ivtahtee d 17 ..ta4 present" Hwodowor c khe.si sd eeans­ Follotwwisonu gc sciesvsaec rifitceoerus mr i dns?i"sa q uestthihaoatns White roengepa iienacsne d h oldesn gsrsoemdef osrmo et im.I enr e­ somaed vagne:t a ceyneta Irw sr ottweso h oarrittce lso n INRTODCUTION 9 thseu jbceti,nt hGee rmmaang azinIent hfiee lodf pracchteiIshc saa,dl Rocha6 adnetd h Aem eriScqaurnae sn eitabh uernri dnegs ,in roseru fficient 7.I wta csl etahrta otm akper oegsrIs ,s kialnltd a leenvtet,ros tep close to hatdo saesesskti anforcmet hmea inb ecomaig nrga ndmMays tpeerraa.tk ­ sourofcg eo ocdh eisdse- ahtses troni­nwga 2s4 0E0l; or especbtuantob tl e, gesptly aer-sa ttempteixnpsgrs e toou tstanding. mentpaorlc esisnae c sl rea anldu cidH owevIed ri,d smpaennhydo urs way. talktionG gM sa nda nalywsiitnhg Witthh hee lopfs hofrcotu,ds i en­theImb .a tt(lgeedn ewriatdlhil sym al tervsi,Iee wndeavtooup reeentdr atree sualgtasi)sn esvte droazleG nMs . thmei ndosfc hefisgsu rwehsoh aveD urimnygfi ve-rye edaitoorfts hhei p succeiencd reeda stoimnegt nheiwn gI srmaaeglaiz Sichnaeh mIae tx amined anvda lbulae. hundroefad nsn otgaatmeesdsu bmit­ Int hessees sIit oonotskhb ea cske att ebdy t oppl aydeirssc,u vsasgiuneg andl eetx perretvset ahlet ihro ughpto­iwnittsth h eomn m orteh aanf ew prcoses.r eeS nuouwghhap,te ople oscacya sAilolna sli.lan ,c qIua id reecde nt theyt hairneak bionaugnt wd h aatc tuu­nderstoafmn yds iujnbcetg- matter. alrluynt sh rotuhgemhii rn ddosn ot fit prceis;e lbiyutta sic sl oassye o cua n Thwe orukn dtearkdeoensn optr e­ get. tendb est coi enrtseierfiac.chT here wasn oc notrgorlo u(pcn osiinsgt of * * * club-pfloairyn esrtsoa,rnn coevs,i) c.e Dieffreinntt ervwieerpweoes eesd­ dif Beforweep rocseoemdie,n trodfuecnr­teq uesst.Ei aocnh eGnMc oun­ torwyo rdrse garding atnhde t earuetdh opvroa tsriiioetndoss o l.Yv oeu thtea shke tuopookn himsteol sfe Ies ,e ewmmae sr esleye ktioan cgq uire bei no rder. ani nsingohatpt r,o .o f

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The Grandmaster’s Mind PDF

179 Pages·2005·3.839 MB·English
by  Amatzia Avni
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TheG randmasMtienrd' s AmatzAivan i r8AIB�lITl l Firpsutb liisnth heUedK b yG ambPiutb licLatt2di0 o0n4s Copyr©i Agmhatt Azvinai2 004 Threi gohfAt m atAzvinait o ibdee ntaistfi heaeud t ohoftr h is worka sh­as been seritne da ccowridtahnC coteph yer Diegshitga,nn sPd a teAnct1ts9 88. Alrli grhetsse rTvheibdso. oi kss o lsdujb cetto t hceo nditthiiaosttnh anlolbt y, wayo ft raodroe t hweirsbee, lre-enostl,hd i,r oeudot r owtihsceeir rcuilna ted anfyo rmb ionfd oircn ogv oetrh ert htiahnwta h ni icithps u bliasnhde dw iat hout simicloanrd iitnicolnut dhicinosgn dibteiiionmngp oosnet dhs eu bsepquure­nt chaser. A copoyft hBer itLiisbhrC aartya loignPu uibnlgi cdaattiiasao v nla aibflorem the BLriibtriasrhy . ISB1N9 04610900 DISTRIBUTION: Wordlwi(dee xcUeSpAt:)C entBroakolsL td9,9W allRidsL, o ndEo9n5 LN. Te+l4 4( 0)829084 68 5F4a +x4 4( 0)8253035 281. E-mialo:rr [email protected] USAB:H B InteirnoantIanl.c3,, 02 W esNto rthS rt2eneSdten ,e cSaC,2 9687, USA. Foarl olt heenrq ui(riinecsla uf dluillni gsa tlG lao mfb cihets tsi tplleesca)ons ­e tatchte pubGlaimsbPhiuetbr lsi,c LattPdiO.,o.B n os3x 26 40L,o ndWo1n4O JN. E-miali:no [email protected] Orv istihGteA MBIwTe bs iatthe t twpw:w/g./ambikts.cboomo EditbeyGd r ahBaumr gses Tyepstbe yJ ohNnu nn Coviemra bgyeW olffM orrow PrinitnGe rde Barti tbayTi hnCe r omwPerelslTs r,ob wridWgiel.,t s 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GambPiutb licLattdi ons ManagiDniegrc tGoMr M:u rrCahya ndler CheDsiser ctGoMr J:o hNnu nn EdirtioDailer ctFoMrG :r ahBaumre gss GemranE ditoWrF:M P etNruan n Contents Symbols 4 Acknowledgements 5 Inotdruction 6 Par1t: I nterviews 10 1 GM LePvs akhis 12 2 GM AloGnr eeenlfd 23 3 GadCyos teff 33 4 GM YonaK osashvili 42 5 GM AliGke rshon 53 6 IMA lexaMnidkehras lkeyv 63 7 GM GadRie chlis 73 8 GM BoGreialsnf d 83 9 OfeCro may 95 10 GM ZvulGoonf shtein 140 11G M DovZ ifroni 131 12 GM IlSimai rin 132 Par2t: D iscussion 133 13 ThTeh inkoifGn Mgs 143 14 A SystefmoP rr oblSeolmv-ing 144 15 ThGe rand-APplparno ach 105 16 ThDe ilemomfaa nI mpasse 135 17 ThAet traocfBt eiauotni Ifduela s 185 18 Sreendipity 161 19 Proasn Cdo nso fE xpesret i 146 20 YesT,h eayr Dei effrent 176 21 CritSiuccaclFe ascst ors 170 Refnecrsee 171 IndoefPx l ayers 147 IndoefCx o mposaenrds Analysts 167 IndoefOx p enings 167 Symbols + check ++ doubclhee ck # checkmate " brilmloivaen t ' goomdo ve !? intermeosvtei ng ?! dubimoouvse ? bad move ?? blunder Ch championship crar. corsrpeondgeanmcee 10- thgea meen disna winW hfiotre lf2-lh thgea me ienan ddsr aw 01- thgea meen disna winB lfaocrk (n) nth mgaatmceh (D) senee xdti agram Supersncurmibpe(t.re gs) .i nditcharete efn ecrelesi sotne dp sa1 g76e-.9 33 In itnhtee rsvq,iu eewstbiyto hnaesu thaorsreh owinnia tilcT.h e intewreevsir'see posneasr gei vienn quomtaakrts.i on Acknowledgements Expsrisenogne 'tsh ouignhaft oser iglna nguiansgo ee a stya sIak m.d eepilny­ debtteomd yf irenRda apPheyr sfiohtriz ds e voatsessdti ainncp eo lisahnidn g calryiifnmgyt ext. Ia mg ratteomf yut lw elivnet ewreevsfi,oet rh ecioproe raatniidon ns ti;seg sh­ pecitaoAl lloyGn r eeendlf,w hor eatdhc eo pmlemtaen uscarncidop ntt ributed valucaobmmleen .t s Thbeo oikds e diclaitakelemdl y,p revbioooutksoms y,l ovfianimgl Nya:a ma, YuvaOlh,a adn Yda el. AmatAzvinai Marc2h0,0 4 RamaItl-aIns,r ael Itnordutcoin Thgea bpe tweexepne arntndso i vciess Int hfiee lodfc hesmsa,n ayss ume ani ngturiitnogp fiocir n svteigaitni tohnsa ttr opnlgaeyre rssi mwpsilplyol t vaoruifise dlsF.i ndainan ngs wert oa sst ronmgoeevrsT .h iasss umptiiso n whadti ffnetrieaotngeers o furpmo thea musiinlglrluayst bteytd h felo lowing othiesnr o otn loyfg reiantt setbr,ue tt ale. contcaliren asp raicmtpilcianclsa .t io Two fnudamenqtuaeolsn tsair ise: whya rseo mpee opmloers ekl ildte han otrh;sea nhdo wd oetsh idsi fference expsrsie tself. Asf otrh fier sitsu ser,e seahracsh indictahteaextdp earrtaesb lteor ec­ ognimzeea niunlpg afttoefrni sno fr­ matiuonnn otbiycn eodiv c;et shey orgatnhiezie r knaorwolucenoddrg ee conceapntdms a ojr npcprilietsh at guitdhee tihrin ngkE.ix pearrtaesl so capaobflf el exriebtlryi iemvpionrg­ tanats peocftt hse irl ekdnwgoiewt h Whittoep lay little eafftrott1.e T nhteiyv ee xcel in thefiierlb dea ucsteh epyo esssmso re Accroditnoag n o lbdo obkyB ri­ knwoledguend,e rsitnagns,dep cifibcr ag2e,t rh i(sc opmods)?ep osition talaennedtx pertiheanmncos eot f u s.w apsr esetnoft oeucdrl asosfpe lsa y­ Howm ucohft heeixrp esreit isin here­r.Ts hew eakpelsatyc ehro1 s: eh 2, itaendhd o w miusgc ahi ntehdr outghhr eatmeantiienno gn aen pdr epar­ devotainodhna rwdo rrke,m aainn si ntgo m1e. ectJ.tb.3 +w it2h "i¥ xb3 on-ignogs pdtuie. i¥xb33ctJ g6(#w ehlelw ,a s tnhoatt weaikhf e 'ndo titche!id)Hs .ow ever, Howd oeasne xp'essr utperiohreii gtnyo hrieosdp ponn'tetsh rt,esa and ovehri pse erresv eiatls eElxfp?e rtthsu s suctcol.u i¥.mx.bb2 e!+d if 2x b2 arseu pposteord e abceht atnefdrsa terctJ b3#. deicisonasn dt oa chiaenv vee orallA somewshtarto pnlgae-yrbe urt highpeefrrro mnace. nostt reonnogu gihd-entBilfia'ecsdk INTORDUCITON 7 plottoe xpltohipeti nnae-adn db ­ welrlo-dtdoepne npiantgfh lo,l owing pawannspd r oopsetdpo a rrhyit sh reaatf msa ilmiiadrdg laemp el ,ao nra pply­ by,s ya,1 ltJc3o r1etJ a3. inpgr ovperni nciintp hlee se ndgame, Thteh iprlda hyietr uwpionnn ianm gos ptl ayaerlreis k teorl eya scihm ri la contiino:un altJ1tg 6+h xg26l:. h2+d esciinosI.it os nlayta fjenuwc tures i.x.h32l:. xh2"ili+x h42"ili xh2T#h.i st hatthm ee na rsee rpaatfeordm t he icse rtagionoldy enboututhg behe ,s tb oys. playfueonrda s horatnemdro re elWeh­ewne r efleocnt idcehases,s in ganstou lti:o "ilin1x h7�+x h27l:. h2#.i ti st hesspee acloi cceunrcrtehsa t catocuhar t toen.nH toiwd oeass t rong Thidse scri(ptthsieto rno nthgeep rl acyoenrc ueinvuesn uoaonlr-,d inary plyaetrh,me o rhees eemsa)y wreel­clo ncetphtaestsp ceah ilse srbs reeth­ flecrte alattih tey lloewvoeefrcl hess sr enW?h aetx acgtoleoysni nh is mind skl.ilH owevtehri,n agrsde ifferednutr isnugcm ho ments? witmha tuarneed x peripelynaecresd: manoyft herme acrhe aas osntaabnl­eI atp petahrast s itmhpeml eetshto d darodfp, ly a,w herteh eayrw ee ll oafcfi ­ndionugtt h aen swteotr h piesr ­ quaiwnittethdhp er incainpbdla essi pcl exqiunegs tiisto oln i sttoew nh at stratoaftg hegmeas m. Ae ta na veratgoepp l ayhearvtseos aAyl.a, r sesults in cluby-eplrle av(e1l08 02-00E0l o)t hdiisr ectniooatnl waaryes .h elpful one recoginmipzoerst oaftan h cee passpeadwt nh,re o lea orfoo ontk h e severnatnthkh ,se t reonfagb tihs hop­ piara,n tdh iem portoafcn ecnet raliz­ inag k inignt heen dgaOmnee.i s mormee ticualboomuuotsv e-oirnd er thoep en,iv naglutehnsee etdoi m­ protvhee socfoo nep'eps i esc) ae,n( d stritvoce rse sattreu cwteukarnsaeesls int hoep pon'ecsna tm.Tp he average cl-upbyleawro uld cebrect aapian­ly bloefs olvinpgr otbhlpeer me sented abovaeto urb estta le-sloelv.ve elr Hencteh,de i fferbenectew eheinm anadg randmiansso tsteoe r a styod e­ LuiW enzh-eD onner pict. BuenoAsie rs( Oylmpaid1)9 87 Whittoep lay Iste etmhsba ottg hr andmaasntde rs clupbl-ayers maapnppyros oiatciho nIsnh insoe tst,hC eh inpelsaery ee­r theavto ldvuer iacn hegs gsa mient hec ountthsha eti ntentdhseeed q uence smaew ayW.h enw alktihnorgu gah 14"ili h4( threamtaetn1ei.4)nf .g51. 5 8 THEG RADNMASETR'MSI ND �c4",w heanlo lfa s uddtehined eoaf 17.� .c.8 18 ltJe5ltJ x�cb68+ 19 aq uesecanr idfiacwen oenmd e ."3 �b72 0ctJ e5l:. ac281 ..t c6�+a 72 2 14"iVh 4 f515"iVh 7+ctJ f716� xg6!+ li:Jxf7 �xg6 17 ��hh715 8+ i-fi-7h+6 Whiwteen otnt ow iinn m4o2vs e. 19g 6ctJ+g 72 0i. x.h61+- 0 Karpmoavr vheolwts h ciosm bination Thwei nnwearasr elatiinveexlpybe e­acmep ossib:"l Wehaptr econditions rienpcleadya ettr ht ei mveai;ra tiofnros t aicctasr per see?n Ptractically ont hsit actmioctahilaf bd e esne enn on.Te hek nigahltoh naeas d vanced beofr.eM aybiefw et uronu art tent­oam oroerl esas ctpiovsei attai 4o n tiotnoa m orhee avywpeliagyhiettr .,t. h.te w roo oakrsoe no pefinel sb,u t wiclolrn itbuotueur n tdoe rstoafn .d ie.nv ge. r ytihsdi eenfngd eAdn.dy et howg reiadtee amse rge. theirsaec ombin!aA tnidyo onwui ll bee vemno rseu rsperwdih eyno sue e that otuwoto ft hteh raecet ively placwehdi ptiee caerssea criifinc ed turn4. " Inp lawiondr sa,ne x-wocrhladm ­ piosnya sIh: a adb rilildieIada no;t'n t knohwo wid ta wnoenmd e i;dt o se'nt folwn aturfoarlmtl hype o istiIom'n ; baffled. Anh oneasctc oubnuottn, e t hat, liktehp er veioouns,ed oes not have mucphr actviaclafuloet r h ree ader whoti retsob eneffiortm t hceh ma­ pi'onsw isdo.mI fa greiadte jasu t Karpov- Gulok lanfdorsm a c lres akyt,h eirsne o t OropesdaeM la r1 996 mucwhe c adno t oe muliatt.e Whittoep lay Resrecahearrlseo nagw arteh aat Int hpioss itiboanr,eo luyot f t heg redaetao lfa ne xpte'krsn olwe digse openipnhga seexw,-o rlcdh ampitoanc tihtia;sth , ec na'atl waayrcstu ilate AnatKoalryp coovin dserceodn tinwuh­aitit s p,r ecitshehaletiy s, d5o• ing inqgu iewtilt1yh5 i. c3,bu tth e"na Someetsia,mt hipradri tnsye edteod combtiinviaed esau ddeonccluyr reedl ikcnioltwe dtghea th iidsdi enn an tom e." exp'emsri tnd. 15 �x�dx7d+17!6 li:J xb6!+ .i.xb6T hisst aotfae fa fimrost ivtahtee d 17 ..ta4 present" Hwodowor c khe.si sd eeans­ Follotwwisonu gc sciesvsaec rifitceoerus mr i dns?i"sa q uestthihaoatns White roengepa iienacsne d h oldesn gsrsoemdef osrmo et im.I enr e­ somaed vagne:t a ceyneta Irw sr ottweso h oarrittce lso n INRTODCUTION 9 thseu jbceti,nt hGee rmmaang azinIent hfiee lodf pracchteiIshc saa,dl Rocha6 adnetd h Aem eriScqaurnae sn eitabh uernri dnegs ,in roseru fficient 7.I wta csl etahrta otm akper oegsrIs ,s kialnltd a leenvtet,ros tep close to hatdo saesesskti anforcmet hmea inb ecomaig nrga ndmMays tpeerraa.tk ­ sourofcg eo ocdh eisdse- ahtses troni­nwga 2s4 0E0l; or especbtuantob tl e, gesptly aer-sa ttempteixnpsgrs e toou tstanding. mentpaorlc esisnae c sl rea anldu cidH owevIed ri,d smpaennhydo urs way. talktionG gM sa nda nalywsiitnhg Witthh hee lopfs hofrcotu,ds i en­theImb .a tt(lgeedn ewriatdlhil sym al tervsi,Iee wndeavtooup reeentdr atree sualgtasi)sn esvte droazleG nMs . thmei ndosfc hefisgsu rwehsoh aveD urimnygfi ve-rye edaitoorfts hhei p succeiencd reeda stoimnegt nheiwn gI srmaaeglaiz Sichnaeh mIae tx amined anvda lbulae. hundroefad nsn otgaatmeesdsu bmit­ Int hessees sIit oonotskhb ea cske att ebdy t oppl aydeirssc,u vsasgiuneg andl eetx perretvset ahlet ihro ughpto­iwnittsth h eomn m orteh aanf ew prcoses.r eeS nuouwghhap,te ople oscacya sAilolna sli.lan ,c qIua id reecde nt theyt hairneak bionaugnt wd h aatc tuu­nderstoafmn yds iujnbcetg- matter. alrluynt sh rotuhgemhii rn ddosn ot fit prceis;e lbiyutta sic sl oassye o cua n Thwe orukn dtearkdeoensn optr e­ get. tendb est coi enrtseierfiac.chT here wasn oc notrgorlo u(pcn osiinsgt of * * * club-pfloairyn esrtsoa,rnn coevs,i) c.e Dieffreinntt ervwieerpweoes eesd­ dif Beforweep rocseoemdie,n trodfuecnr­teq uesst.Ei aocnh eGnMc oun­ torwyo rdrse garding atnhde t earuetdh opvroa tsriiioetndoss o l.Yv oeu thtea shke tuopookn himsteol sfe Ies ,e ewmmae sr esleye ktioan cgq uire bei no rder. ani nsingohatpt r,o .o f

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