The Grand Scribe's Records, Revised Volume VII: The Memoirs of Pre-Han China PDF
Preview The Grand Scribe's Records, Revised Volume VII: The Memoirs of Pre-Han China
The Grand Scribe’s Records REVISED VOLUME VII The Memoirs of Pre-Han China The Grand Scribe’s Records REVISED VOLUME VII The Memoirs of Pre-Han China by Ssu-ma Ch’ien William H. Nienhauser, Jr. Editor Yixuan Cai, Weiguo Cao, Hans van Ess, Hongyu Huang, Masha Kobzeva, Béatrice l’Haridon, William H. Nienhauser, Jr., Marc Nürnberger, Thomas D. Noel, Jakob Pöllath, Josiah Stork, Zheyu Su, Mei Ah Tan, Ji Wang, Christine Welch, Guimei Wu, Zhenjun Zhang, Tingting Zhou, Yaqiong Zhuang, Xin Zou Translators INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS NANJING UNIVERSITY PRESS This book is a copublication of TInhdiisa bnoa oUkn iisv ae rcsoitpyu Pbrleicsast ion of Office of Scholarly Publishing IHnedrimanaan UBn Wiveerlslsit Ly iPbrreasrsy 350 O13f2fi0c eE oasf tS 1c0htohl aSrtlrye ePtu blishing HBleorommanin Bgt oWn,e Illnsd Liainbara 4ry7 430550 USA 1iu3p2r0e sEs.aisntd 1ia0ntha .Sedtrue et B loomington, Indiana 47405 USA iaunpdr ess.indiana.edu aNnadn jing University Press 22 Hankou Road NNaannjjiinngg ,U Jinainvgesrusi,t yC hPirneas s 2 2 Hankou Road N©a 1n9ji9n4g ,b Jyi aWngilsluia, mC hHin. aN ienhauser, Jr. © © 22002210 bbyy WWiilllliiaamm HH.. NNeieinnhhaauusseerr,, JJrr.. © 1994 by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. © 2020 by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. All rights reserved ANlol priagrht tosf r tehsiesr vbeodo k may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, Nwoit hpoaurtt opfe rtmhiiss sbiooonk i nm wayri btien gre fprroomd uthceed p ourb luitsihliezre. dT ihne apnayp efor rumse odr ibny t hainsy p mubelaicnast,i eolne cmtreoentsic t hoer minimum mreqecuhiraenmiceanl,t si nocfl tuhdei nAgm pehroictoacno Npyaitniogn aanl dS traencdoardrdin fgo,r o Irn bfoyr manayti ionnf oSrcmieanticoens —stoPreargme aannedn creet roife vPaalp seyr sftoerm , wPriitnhtoeudt Lpiebrrmariyss Miona tienr iwalrsi,t iAngN SfrIo Zm3 t9h.e4 8p–u1b9li9s2h.e r. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for MPrainntuefda cLtiubrreadr yin M thaete Urianliste, dA SNtSatIe Zs 3o9f .A48m–e1r9i9ca2 . FMirasnt upfraicnttuinregd 2 i0n2 t1he UnitedO Srtiagtiensa ollfy A cmataelroicgae d by the Library of Congress as OriginalSlysu c-amtaal oCghe’die bny, tchae. L14ib5r–acray. o8f6 C BoCng ress as [Shih chi. English] The grand Sscsrui-bme’as Crehc’oierdns, /c Sa.s u1-4m5–ac Ca.h 8’i6e nB ;C W illiam H. Nienhauser, Jr., edit[oSrh; iYh icxhuia. nE nCgalii s. h. ]. [et al.], translators. The grand scribe’s recordps. / cSmsu. -ma Ch’ien ; William H. NienhIanucsleurd, eJsr. ,b eibdliitoogr;r aYpihxiucaaln r Cefaeir .e n. c. e[es ta anld.] ,i ntrdaenxs.l ators. Contents: v. 7. The pm. e cmmo.i rs of pre-Han china Includes bibIlSioBgNra 0p–h2ic5a3l –r3ef4e0r2e1n–ce7s and index. 1. China—HCiosntoternyt—s: Tvo. 272. 1T hBeC m 2em. Cohirisn ao—f pHrei-sHtoarny —chCinha’ in dynasty, 221–207 BC. 3. ChinIaS—BNH i0s–to2r5y3—–3H4a0n2 1d–y7n asty 202 BC–220 CE 1. ChinI.a N—ieHnihstaoursye—r, TWoi l2li2a1m B HC. 2II. .C Chhiennag—, THsiastio Frya.— ICIIh. ’Tinit ldey. nasty, 221–207 BC. 3. ChinDa—S7H41is.t3o.rSy6—81H3a n1 9d9y4n asty 202 BC–220 CE I. Nienh9a3u1s—er,d Wc2i0ll iam H. I I. Cheng, 0T9s4a-i 1F8a4. 0 I8I I. Title. ISDBSN7 94718.3-.0S-6285133-0 31895954- 5 931—1d c22 03 4 5 23 22 21 20 01994 1-81 8408 IISSBBNN 997788--00-- 225533--0034835256--95 (hdbk.) 1I S 2B N3 9 47 8 5- 0 2-235 232-0 2419 1270- 199 ( w18e b PDF) CONTENTS Dedication vii Note on the Newly Revised Edition ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xv On Using This Book xxiii A Note on Chronology xxvii Warring States Reign Periods xxxv Weights and Measures xxxix List of Abbreviations lv Po Yi, Memoir 1, revised by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. 1 Kuan Chung and Yan Ying, Memoir 2, revised by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. 19 Lao-tzu and Han Fei, Memoir 3, revised by Hans van Ess 39 Marshall Jang-chü, Memoir 4, revised by Thomas Donnelly Noel 59 Sun-tzu and Wu-ch’i, Memoir 5, revised by Ji Wang 69 Wu Tzu Hsü, Memoir 6, revised by Zhenjun Zhang 91 Confucius’ Disciples, Memoir 7, revised by Zheyu Su 113 The Lord of Shang, Memoir 8, revised by Hans van Ess 155 Su Ch’in, Memoir, 9, revised by Marc Nürnberger 173 Chang Yi, Memoir 10, revised by Marc Nürnberger 219 Shu-lu Tzu and Kan Mao, Memoir 11, revised by Weiguo Cao 257 The Marquis of Jang, Memoir 12, revised by Jakob Pöllath 287 Pai Ch’i and Wang Chien, Memoir 13, revised by Tingting Zhou, Yaqiong Zhuang and Guimei Wu 305 Mencius and Excellency Hsün, Memoir 14, revised by Hans van Ess 329 The Lord of Meng-ch’ang, Memoir 15, revised by Béatrice l’Haridon 345 The Lord of P’ing-yüan and Excellency Yü, Memoir 16, revised by Masha Kobzeva 367 The Noble Scion of Wei, Memoir 17, revised by Kevin Huang 387 The Lord of Ch’un-shen, Memoir 18, revised by Tingting Zhou 401 Fan Sui and Ts’ai Tse, Memoir 19, revised by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. 419 Yüeh Yi, Memoir 20, revised by Yixuan Cai 459 Lien P’o and Lin Hsiang-ju, Memoir 21, revised by Hongyu Huang 477 T’ien Tan, Memoir 22, revised by Mei Ah Tan 503 Lu Chung Lien and Tsou Yang, Memoir 23, revised by Hongyu Huang 519 Ch’ü Yüan and Scholar Chia, Memoir 24, revised by Christine Welch 543 Lü Pu-wei, Memoir 25, revised by Josiah J. Stork 575 The Assassin-Retainers, Memoir 26, revised by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. 593 Li Su, Memoir 27, revised by Xin Zou 631 Meng T’ien, Memoir 28, revised by Ji Wang 671 Bibliography 687 Index 695 For Elling O. Eide NOTE ON THE NEWLY REVISED EDITION A real translation is transparent, it does not cover the original, does not block its light, but allow the pure language . . . to shine upon the original all the more fully. This may be achieved, above all, by a literal rendering of the syntax which proves words rather than sentences to be the primary element of the translator. For if the sentence is the wall before the language of the original, literalness is the arcade —Walter Benjamin, “The Task of the Translator” In this age of plagiaristic discoveries it is a pleasure to republish one’s own work— or rather a book of one’s colleagues and friends. Like Volume I of the Grand Scribe’s Records, this volume was first completed and published in the early 1990s. Although all four of the original translating group—Chao Ming Chan, Tsai-fa Cheng, Zongli Lu, Robert Reynolds, and myself—translated and revised these chapters, more chapters came from the work of Robert Reynolds and Chao Ming Chan than the rest of us. Following the attempt to update and correct the texts and notes in that first volume, twenty colleagues and I have undertaken a revision of texts, notes, and the translator’s notes for these twenty-eight chapters. I am grateful that so many of my students, former students, and colleagues have readily responded to the call. Many of the chapters in this volume are centered on the history of the state of Ch’in and those who helped to shape its history. Much of the Shih chi is about two wars—that between the generals of Emperor Wu of the Han and the neighboring peoples as portrayed in chapters 108–123 and that between the Ch’in and the Six States which is depicted both in the hereditary houses 42–46 and again in many of the memoirs herein. The reader does not have to read far into this section of the Grand Scribe’s Records—the lieh-chuan or “arranged traditions”–to realize that these chapters are not biographies in the modern sense of the term. Yet when it becomes apparent that the first chapter, “Po Yi lieh-chuan,” is more a statement of whom Ssu-ma Ch’ien would include in these lieh-chuan, and that the second chapter, “Kuan, Yen lieh-chuan,” is an essay on two opposing lifestyles, it would seem that our choice of “memoir” to translate lieh- chuan was not misguided. The lieh-chuan are literally “arranged traditions” or “arranged narratives,” but the key to understanding Ssu-ma Ch’ien’s intent in these chapters is to decipher what the “arrangement” signified. So much recent attention has been given to the text of the Shih chi, that it sometimes seems Sima Qian remains in the shadow of his great work. Ssu-ma Ch’ien ix x The Grand Scribe’s Records is less a historian in the modern sense and more someone who wants the past to be seen in the context of his own life and times. Denis Feeney’s description of Tacitus fits the Grand Scribe as well: “If ancient historiography is rhetorical all the way down, that does not necessarily make it fictional, or ‘irresponsible,’ and it does not mean that ancient historians were uninterested in recovering what had happened in the past and analyzing why it might matter now.”1 We know so little about the process of composition of the Shih chi. Did Ssu-ma Ch’ien have discussions with his father on what to include or how to present their subjects? Were there friends or associates or teachers with whom he could develop and then discuss his ideas?2 Ssu-ma Ch’ien tells us that he was completing “the teachings of one family” 一家之言, that is to say the historical interpretations of the Ssu-ma Clan or perhaps that of scribes (shih 史) over history in general.3 Hans van Ess (Politik) has argued persuasively that Ssu-ma Ch’ien has incorporated such “teachings” into his accounts of events and people. Similar readings are not uncommon in analyzing Western classics: Shadi Bartsch’s new translation of The Aeneid attempts to demonstrate that Virgil’s depiction of Aeneas was political, designed to frame Rome’s conquests as just, virtuous, and divinely commanded. Ssu-ma Ch’ien conversely attempts to show the wrongheadedness of the Han imperial goals, the wars of expansion and the feckless, sometimes frightening, officials that the court fostered. To this end, his accounts not only of Han history but that of earlier times are also designed to provide a message that fit with his “teachings.” Thus while recently excavated materials may contain accounts that present another version of events (see note 162 to the biography of Li Ssu 李斯 below, for example), may well help us to better understand these events, they should not lead us to conclude that Ssu-ma Ch’ien necessarily did not know of such alternative narratives. His history rather remained true to the familial interpretations he had mastered, a “blank text” (k’ung-wen 空文), like Confucius’ Ch’un-ch’iu, designed to have readers fill in the blanks.4 1 Feeney in a review of A. J. Woodman, The Annales of Tacitus: Book 4, in the Times Literary Supplement, July 19, 2019, p. 32. 2 It would seem there were those with whom he could share his ideas, cf. Shih chi, 130.3319: “I have discussed and examined these in light of past events” 論考之行事. 3 Alternatively “the teachings of one school” (cf. Hans van Ess’ n. 157 on Grand Scribe’s Records, 11:361). Perhaps this claim led Chang T’ien-en 張天恩 in his Ssu-ma Ch’ien ch’uan- ch’i 司馬遷傳奇 (Sian: Shensi Jen-min, 1999; pp. 24–25) to speculate that the young Ssu-ma Ch’ien was tutored by his grandfather, Ssu-ma Hsi 司馬喜 (cf. Shih chi, 130.3286). 4 Compare Hu Sui’s 壺遂 comments (Shih chi, 130.3299), “At the time of Confucius, above there was no bright ruler above and below he did not find a place where he could be employed. Therefore, he created the Spring and Autumn Annals, handing down a blank text in order to decide what is right according to the rules of proper behavior. It was designed to become a model for a king” 孔子之時，上無明君，下不得任用，故作春秋，垂空文以斷禮義，當
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