THE GRAMMAR OF PROFIT: THE PRICE REVOLUTION IN INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT BRILL’S STUDIES IN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY General Editor A.J.Vanderjagt, University of Groningen Editorial Board C.S. Celenza, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore M. Colish, Oberlin College J.I. Israel, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton J.D. North, University of Groningen W. Otten, Utrecht University VOLUME138 THE GRAMMAR OF PROFIT: THE PRICE REVOLUTION IN INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT BY ANDREA FINKELSTEIN BRILL LEIDEN •BOSTON 2006 Cover illustration by Andrea Finkelstein This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Finkelstein, Andrea, 1949- The grammar of profit : the Price Revolution in intellectual context / by Andrea Finkelstein. p. cm. — (Brill’s studies in intellectual history, ISSN 0920-8607 ; v. 138) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-14958-9 (alk. paper) 1. Prices—Europe—History—16th century. 2. Inflation (Finance)—Europe— History—16th century. 3. Profit—Europe—History—16th century. I. Title. II. Series. HB235.E8F56 2006 338.4’30009409032—dc22 2005057442 ISSN 0920-8607 ISBN 90 04 14958 9 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands InMemoryofMyFather,SamuelFinkelstein TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................... ix Chapter1.ProfitandthePriceRevolution........................... 1 Chapter2.Body,Mind,andSoul..................................... 35 Chapter3.FamilyValues ............................................. 67 Chapter4.MasterandServant.......................................105 Chapter5.TheBodyofProfit ........................................137 Chapter6.ProfitandDistributiveJustice I:TheSinsoftheBody..167 Chapter7.ProfitandDistributiveJusticeII:TheSinsofthe Monarch ............................................................205 Chapter8.ProfitandCommutativeJustice ..........................235 Chapter9.TheModernProblemofProfit:AParadoxbyWayof aDigression.........................................................283 Chapter10.Conclusion:TheGrammarofProfitinanAge of Revolutions..........................................................311 Bibliography ...........................................................331 Index ...................................................................355