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< ‘THEGOLDEN BOOK OF § CHEMISTRY ” “EXPERIMENTS THE GOLDEN BOOK OF Chemistry Experi ments How to Set Up a Home Laboratory— Over 200 Simple Experiments BY ROBERT BRENT ILLUSTRATED BY HARRY LAZARUS Ww ee pbycombining Essen: «ups densi of Aan aig doe 9 cangun Mebs sth ds Used by Chemists Salts sand (lhe, ate Rite le reach eid" Tene tate ee te tjangt OB aa foup of atoms (cal Deaairs We weet of aiid or & Seas peer meter ites gas tt on tena ‘ioral Dasumcsaier gaan Saturated solutions » shah that ite i 0 ere vee Bal eh se WHAT CHEMISTHY 18) Wen Usa ox Cuuausts Tau Taratnancu ae Ciresasray Cueasts oF ue Past XOUK HOME LAnONAT squiewens von Cus Youn Haste Lavaron Miorva Arranarus 1x Eaviinsnnts Seesrarie Massuauaunrs (Consuer Lavouasonss Tuer sits {Hk SCIENTIETC APPROACH Ma, Fananar's Cannes Yor — Sores brewers, Cewmotisns, sib MIAH, WARN AND GASES W cren— Orn Most aronzas Conroe Oxvems—'m Dneara ob Lice Henman — Taras ALL Canpos Drow Nirnoges as Irs Conran Cuconine — FEN ex FoR. CHRMTCAT. FORMULAS Cancer Serna ‘Tur Penone Tamir or ree ELENeSt3 ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS. ‘Tae Masniues ov Souci Wouse nian Acs Wonise waa Bases Sas — Cugsueais or Many Uses NONMETALS Toate — Vout on Bawa?) Suueun asw Fre Coston. Suicon Tue Exasuse Yov Siar en Busus — Furuse RecacrPowuis Buewest} 3 METALS Soot an Puaassius. Catan — vu BUILD. Ler's Cowraa Two ME Auuaunvat 1s ABENDINEE, Mancasiau — Mutat or Wes Wr Tava ay 2x uu ot Inox Corra—Yustewwas, Tomay Smven— Oni oe au "Nowie” Werte MONE ABOUT FORMULAS YVermscrs wo Posmius, ONCANIC CHEMISTRY (Canny — Exes os Matsuo Conmarps. 7 ‘Thue Cumaaaany oF Canton Conan hie Fonoevnass oF Caius Conran A lar om Ivomnesauoss Cammemmrnn is — Shee AND BRAND Mosr kiss oF Acouuis Canoe Aems. Ears axn Ons ror Fv Saup anh Sour Meese Puotuans—Tre Wapy-Duise Foon (CoLuounan Distrnstena ‘Nasuuaa ano Antmoeret Pt Puasties —A Maver Grant, CHEMICAL MALUEMATICS Womane our Cussasar Rauaons THE FUTURE OF CUSUSIRY Wrear's Anuap us CoEsa57R9? Wrens na Ger Cuuaucaus as Faerewer Gonna Cnutcans aso Lui FORTS iso 3 106, 109 no m1 (COOING al CleaNinG Me CHEMICAL PROCESSES, The Importance of Chemistry ‘Tene 1s aamouy a hoy or git live who is wot cenly interested in ling ont shoot tags. Ave thats exactly wha chemistry &: FINDING OL ABOUT THINGS — finding oot what things azo ‘mado of wad what changes they underzo ‘What things? ny thing! Every thing! ‘Take a look arouzal you. All the things yor sce and lots of things you ei'L see — have t9 do with the scance of chemistry. “Let's start with yourwdll.'The ale yon breathe is s mixture of cherie substanoss nd the pravess of breathing iss chemical roution. The foes yon eat fare all ches ywoduets and the ways i whic your Dev tors Ma ito mmusles ant Bons and heres unl Ivan lls are some of Oe greta a “The clothes yom wear, Uke bucks you red, the imatiine yon sake, the House in which yon Hive tll these ave podlats of chemistry So the family far— the metal init, the rubber on which i os, the gas tha moves it ‘Natore ibe fsa tronexdons chemical lhovatory Everything hn store is fever posing thr dnc eanges. Here om ert, plants go animals rom, di, eal decays racks eck and crumble under the illuence ef air and wale. In the universe, now stars are formed, otters fade. The son thet gives os eat and light sad energy ie «lamin faroace of hemival procesne that will eventually buen itself ‘ut, billions of years from now. CChemittry f one of the most innportant ofall noes for human welfere. Chemistry means the difereno> between poverty saad starvation and the abundant ie. The proper ‘ee of chemistry makes it pose or frnwer to fer the warld’s ever-ineceesing popullion, for engivers» to develop new moins of transportation And ccm nunicaton that wil bring che peozes af the world loser together, for doctors to eure the dissases of mankind, for manufacturers to produce the thou sends of items thet are nacessery fur Deller and cher Living And this is only the begining, recent yours, scientists have succeeded fn penetrating into tke innermost seers of cienical substances and have begun to make uso of the renslnsfroe that lies Fidden in ther, Thie tomo pore opens up amazing poesbities for the Futuc. ‘You wil Tie in-& world in which chemistry Thesome ever more aapertant, ‘To understand that sworlé it ie necessary to understand te trot and Tews on which modern chemistry is based an tolearm Jhow chemists uf the past unreveled thea. "This book wil elp yoo get thie insight — not our reading i, but also by your wouncien- ing the experiments desenibed and leering what each of them has to cll you. ATOMIC et (RCY FOR TEABING PRODUCER OF STEEL ssblinate ae Chemists of the Past Manx auousasp yours ugo, un carly unerstor of yours pushed u ste into the hot lava owing from tun erupting voleano. The stick burst into fre. Te Dbld it up es a torch. Te gave off ight ané heat ard Fatty treme into eshes "This anciont man might be considered the world Fist chess. Te had aetoally taken s sohetance called wood end he, by @ chsmicel process ealed combustion or burning, turne it inte something csc ‘The discovery of the usc of fe wes the fast gueat seg leding toward modern etirastey. Vice wade ft posible to tum raw feodstts ina eible mal, 10 Take stuped elay into pottery, to make zines, to Usive metals cut of thee oes, Fr thousands of ysarspwople were chilly Ser ested in the results of what they did — they dda cars abuat what bappoued or why ib bappward. I va only about 2.500 youre ago Una plaloauslrs Tgen bp suredor aber hak us ‘wireirele seid ial age rhe ling cesT at Tig ae And 410 B.C of Empedoctes came up with an idea that seemed: take Seige, Te explzined that eversthing in the ‘orld was made from just foue things which he calle “ements: fre, ote ar sleet, Tk fof dhat buruing sich mentioned above. Ie gov2 oP lire so, obviously, dhe stick bust to eum fire Te sized — which meat there was water in i IL smoked — end stoke woald be some ind of wir 1 left ashes — snd ashes are earth, as retain evers- ‘one skowld know ‘Bveryone— except another Greek, Demoeri, bom around the time shen Empadeser died. Te had diferent notion — that all matter wae made up of tiny patiles wich he ealed atonoe so ing that eanaar bs ext Eurther Duk Depots did't get vex fa wi is ide ‘The arotast Greek philosopher ofthe day, Aristotle held nt forthe four elements, And hese of is ire iksiy thn veil reuatien this seid governed te U Df seietiss for two thowsand years — hc tn deal soggt ate hn ete than the prea Avistate! Iu Uhe meantime, siete of Arabia began won fn wsubjeot they eal clebemy — irom Arabic al ‘the, aul Kino, poring togelber. They mixed ings fné boiled an stile anu extracted in the hope ome day, cI Testing a wey of making GOLD! They Giseoyered rest nomber of ‘hogs not pecviously known, developed many sun Jaborstory autho and gave fie sree of cheaistr its meme — It they never ersnled the slightest spork of gold. Ne le ida gro mabe af Throne alehemsiss. For hundreds of yes chemistry made ttle hw way. Then, fn 1525, Swiss doctor and sclentst Tyrie up, He nde impasing nome of ‘Theophri ths Bombastus Pssareous van Tabrniiz, Le chal lenge his stalents to tear up Uilr Boke with the ld theories that balloon developed Uruug veasene Ing vily and to Hind out for themselves through ex periments whether a scgnttie theory wes Fght ot ferme. But only afew peuple paid tent on to him, Me than a hundred years passed befere an Ena tishman, Robert Hoyle, in 1661, suereeded in killing oll the old idea of the four elements. Te iit by fatolishing thal thee are aman elements — sub Sauces thet cant be formu by other substanwes “ad canao® he hohe inta other substances. “Another hired years we by. Then, athe ine ‘of the Ameri Revelation the da finally award fe oder cea. Swede, Karl lial aud on Tnglisdaan, Joeaph Priest, discovered oxyea, ond a Fernchaan, toine Tannen Laviisir explained the true aature fof burning and mule up the frst sient Hiking of| fll Known slbments — Qwerty-eigt atthe tim. Within 9 for years, ore elements were foun. With the hein of eleLicty, an Euylsh chemist, iomphey Davy, im a single year brought to Hight six new melils-— among them sodioa, potsssinm, Celeinm, and mages, ‘werty yeas later, im 1628, another important Iheek-Lorangh yeowrerd. A. German chemist, Fried Heh Woblar, working in his labnrstary produced 9 CFenvval, ren, Unt hed never before been made Sutside ts body of ving enim Mare and more things wero bappeaing. New ol souls neie discovered, uci chorale crated. The fndvances in chcansiy gavatly infhweeced industry fgtealiore and maine vAnd thea, im 1898, the Polisi Mazie Cs and ier Freoch tussind, Perr, discovered he fle element,” radurs. This opened up 8 whole Hew ge in elunistry ‘Witkin (Ue last fly years, chomisry has nove foward vith giact stops. But nut single one of these steps wonld have been possible without the dedirgted work ofthe chemists of the past who lid the foundation on wie modern ehenistry rss IMPROVISED EQUIPMENT FOR HOME LAS Equipment for Chemistry oat sey 0 To gon bores een elles lo fallow the example of hese ely chemist, Put our imagination to work. Tse whatever suitable ‘qipmen’ sou ean tnd arora the house (sx teste in eoluvn to the right) albu only wba llvolately nevessiry (as shown Bow). Some iter may he purchase a Tol drugstore ot sckatlie ily sop [na you eam xy thom Tram oe a pliers Fiste on wage 11. Late: v1 =i? you telly ge excite about chew ‘sury— you may wart wo use susr puekel mouey far ste of the Las epee son on ape LABORATORY WARE FOR HOME LAB plostic me! ink beta lestel Eure stone mate of clter anger wire