The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint PDF
Preview The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint
The Goddess Obscured The Goddess Obscured Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint Pamela Berger Beacon Press Boston Beacon Press 25 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108 Beacon Press Books are published under the auspices of the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations. © 1985 by Pamela C. Berger All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 92 91 90 89 88 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Cover illustration: Hours of the Virgin: The Flight into Egypt. Photograph courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Text and cover design: Jane Carey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Berger, Pamela C. The goddess obscured. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Grain goddesses. 2. Goddesses. I. Title. BL473.5.B47 291.2'11 85-47524 ISBN 0-8070-6722-9 ISBN 0-8070-6723-7 (pbk.) For Laurel, Noah, and Alan Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Chapter I. The Goddess in the Ancient World 5 The Ancient Near East, Southeastern and Central Europe, Egypt, and Crete 5 Greece 16 Rome 19 Chapter II. The Goddess in the North 25 Germania 25 Celto-Roman Gaul 28 Chapter III. The Mother Goddess in Art from Antiquity to the Middle Ages 37 Chapter IV. Metamorphosis: From Goddess to Saint 49 Radegund 55 Macrine 60 Walpurga 61 Milburga 64 Brigid 70 Flight and Hunger 74 Chapter V. Folk Figures 77 Daemon 77 Bessey 80 Blaise 81 The Earth Mother at Mâché and Bissey 84 The Crazy Mother 85 Chapter VI. Metamorphosis: From Goddess to Virgin Mary 89 The French Poem 91 Early Welsh Legend 96 The Irish Poem and Celtic Connections 97 The Fourteenth-Century Play 100 The Flemish Carol 103 Chapter VII. The Grain Miracle in Medieval Art 105 Chapter VIII. The Grain Miracle in Folklore 127 Conclusion 145 Notes 147 Index 171 Vll
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