The Goblin Spider Genera Prodysderina, Aschnaoonops, and Bidysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae)

2013·120.7 MB·English

by  Norman I. Platnick

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On the cover: The canopy-dwelling species Aschnaoonops
silvae, male, lateral view of carapace, showing the marginal 2
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1 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
row of setae with tuberculate bases. 3
THE GOBLIN SPIDER GENERA PRODYSDERINA,
ASCHNAOONOPS, AND BIDYSDERINA
(ARANEAE, OONOPIDAE)
NORMAN I. PLATNICK
Division of Invertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History
NADINE DUPE´RRE´
Division of Invertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History
LILY BERNIKER
Division of Invertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History
ALEXANDRE B. BONALDO
Museu Paraense Em´ılio Goeldi, Bele´m, Brazil
BULLETINOFTHEAMERICANMUSEUMOFNATURALHISTORY
Number373, 102pp., 677figures
Issued February 13,2013
CopyrightEAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory2013 ISSN0003-0090
CONTENTS
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Collections Examined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Prodysderina, new genus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Key to Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Aschnaoonops Makhan and Ezzatpanah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Key to Species from Peru and Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Key to Species from Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Key to Species from Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Key to Species from Brazil and the West Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Bidysderina, new genus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Key to Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Index of Specific Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2
ABSTRACT
Anewgenus,Prodysderina,isestablishedforagroupofNeotropicaloonopidsbelongingto
theDysderinacomplexandcharacterizedbyhavingalaterallyincised,tuberculate,butunridged
sternum,agrooveconnectingtheposterior(butnottheanterior)spiracles,andamaleembolus
with an elongated distal prong and a reduced proximal prong. Dysderina armata Simon is
transferredtoProdysderinaandselectedasthetypespecies;eightnewspeciesaredescribedfrom
Venezuela(P.megarmata,P.rollardae,P.janetae)andColombia(P.piedecuesta,P.rasgon,P.
santander,P.filandia,P.otun).ThegenusAschnaoonopscontainsspeciesthatresemblethoseof
Prodysderinabuthaveatwisted(andusuallybasallywidened)embolusinmales,andareduced
genital atrium in females. That genus occurs in the Andes from Peru north to Colombia, east
acrossnorthernSouthAmerica,andnorthintotheWestIndies.Dysderinasimilis(Keyserling)
and D. propinqua (Keyserling) from Colombia, and D. simla Chickering from Trinidad, are
transferredtoAschnaoonops,andfemalesofthetwoKeyserlingspeciesaredescribedforthefirst
time.Onenewspecies,A.silvae,hasbeentakenbycanopyfoggingandappearstobewidespread
intheAmazonianportionsofPeru,Ecuador,andColombia.Atotalof36othernew,ground-
dwelling, microdistributedspecies aredescribed: A.yasuni, A.tiputini,A.cosanga, A.ramirezi,
A.jatun,andA.marshallifromEcuador,A.leticia,A.orito,A.pira,A.paez,A.huila,A.meta,
A.alban,A.chingaza,A.pamplona,A.pedro,andA.martafromColombia,A.chorro,A.indio,
A. tachira, A. tariba, A. teleferico, A. jaji, A. merida, A. aquada, A. masneri, A. trujillo, A.
cristalina,A.bocono,A.simoni,andA.margaretaefromVenezuela,A.malkini,A.caninde,and
A. belem from Brazil, A. villalba from Puerto Rico, and A. gorda from the Virgin Islands.
Anothernewgenus,Bidysderina,isestablishedforagroupofspeciesresemblingthoseabovein
sternalstructurebuthavingdifferentlyconstructedmalepalps;fivenewspecies(B.perdido,B.
bifida, B.niarchos, B.wagra, B.cayambe) are describedfrom Napoprovince, Ecuador.
INTRODUCTION described from Saint Vincent in the Lesser
Antilles. Those Saint Vincent specimens
The goblin spiders detailed below have belong to a different genus, Simonoonops
received relatively little attention in the Harvey (see Platnick and Dupe´rre´, 2011b).
literature. Only a few species have been Dumitrescu and Georgescu (1987: pl. 5)
described, mostly misplaced in the genus nevertheless presented useful illustrations of
Dysderina Simon. However, these animals the species they misidentified as ‘‘Prodysder-
lack the transverse ridges on the sternum, inaspinigera’’aswellasofthesecondspecies
and the groove connecting the anterior they attempted to assign to their genus,
spiracles, that characterize the members of DysderinaarmataSimon.EventhoughDumi-
Dysderina(seePlatnickandDupe´rre´,2011a). trescu and Georgescu’s concept of Dysderina
The distinctiveness of these taxa was first was erroneously based on a Mediterranean
recognized by Dumitrescu and Georgescu (rather than South American) species, their
(1987), who described one of them as efforts have provided, for other systematists,
‘‘Prodysderina spinigera (Simon).’’ In at- thebasisforaworkingconceptofProdysder-
tempting to establish the new genus they ina.Indescribingthegenusasnewbelow,we
called Prodysderina, Dumitrescu and Geor- therefore retain their original generic name,
gescu included in it two species described by and thereby make it available (with new
Simon, but because they failed to designate authorsandanewdate).Asthetypespecies,
either of them as the type species, their we choose the one that was correctly identi-
generic name is a nomen nudum, and is not fied by Dumitrescu and Georgescu, D.
available.Ofthetwospecies,theonedetailed armata. That species shows a number of
first in their paper was ‘‘Prodysderina spini- peculiarities, including a laterally incised,
gera,’’ but it is just as well that they did not tuberculate, but unridged sternum, a groove
designate it as the type species, because the connectingtheposterior(butnottheanterior)
specimens they studied and illustrated, from spiracles, and a male embolus with a greatly
Venezuela,donotactuallybelongtoDysder- elongated distal prong and a much shorter,
ina spinigera Simon, which was originally thinner proximal prong (figs. 61–73). Eight
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4 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.373
apparently related new species are described lateral view of a first leg shows that the
belowfrom Venezuelaand Colombia. femur, tibia,andmetatarsus areeach heavily
ThetaxonthatDumitrescuandGeorgescu spined. In concert, these figures suggest that
misidentified as ‘‘Prodysderina spinigera’’ the specimen belongs to the Dysderina com-
shares the sternal and spiracular features of plex, a placement confirmed by two photo-
these Prodysderina species but differs in graphs of the male palp.
having a basally widened and twisted embo- Those authors claimed that the ‘‘holotype
lus in males, and a reduced genital atrium in will be deposited in the collection of the
females. Those features are shared with a University of Suriname, Department of
widerangeofspecies, treatedbelow, that are Entomology, Paramaribo, Suriname.’’ As
here considered congeneric with the misiden- documented by workers on other groups of
tified Venezuelan species. Their distributions arthropods who have had the misfortune
range from Peru northward; the group ofhavingtodealwiththe‘‘contributions’’of
appears to be most speciose in Colombia Makhan, this claim appears to be science
and Venezuela, but also extends into north- fiction (see the comments by Bolton et al.,
eastern Brazil and even the West Indies. 2008, who charitably considered a work by
IneffectiveasDumitrescuandGeorgescu’s Makhan to be ‘‘one of the most inadequate
attempt at establishing a new generic name papers that has ever been produced in ant
may have been, their paper nevertheless taxonomy’’). Our repeated requests to exam-
contains careful descriptions and useful ine the holotype of A. aschnae have, unsur-
illustrations of the morphology of the spec- prisingly, been declined (see Ja¨ch, 2006, for
imens they studied. The same cannot be said details on Makhan’s prior attempts to extort
for a more recent effort by Makhan and large sums from investigators seeking to
Ezzatpanah (2011) that also established a examine his types).
new generic name within the Oonopidae, Our first inclination was simply to treat
Aschnaoonops, based on a single included Aschnaoonops as a nomen dubium, on the
species, Aschnaoonops aschnae, from Suri-
grounds that nothing in the published de-
name. Their ‘‘paper’’ is perhaps best charac-
scription or illustrations suffices to identify
terized as the taxonomic equivalent of
thegenus,andthatthetypeisunlikelyeverto
medicalmalpractice.Thoseauthorsprovided
be available for examination. Although the
no differential diagnosis(i.e.,noinformation
name clearly refers to some member of the
identifyingtheputativelymostcloselyrelated
Dysderina complex, the generic description
genus or genera, and indicating how their
could easily apply to members of that
genus can be distinguished from those
complex as disparate as Paradysderina Plat-
putative relatives). Their entire generic ‘‘de-
nick and Dupe´rre´ (cf. Platnick and Dupe´rre´,
scription’’ reads as follows:
2011c: figs. 122–125) and Costarina Platnick
Small brown species. Carapace round. Palp andDupe´rre´ (cf.PlatnickandDupe´rre´,2012:
with a C-shaped projection. Underside of the figs. 80–84). However, males of one of the
projection strongly sclerotized and upper side
new species described below from Para´,
soft, open and seed-like inside. Legs with large
Brazil, have palps that appear to resemble
thickspinesandhairs.
those of A. aschnae, and on that basis we
havedecidedtousethegenericnametorefer
Their species ‘‘description’’ merely repeats
to the group of species that seem to be most
thisinformation,addingonlyameasurement
of the single known specimen and a few closely related to A. margaretae, new species
uninformative comments on its coloration (which is the taxon that was misidentified as
and setation. Six extremely low-quality pho- ‘‘Prodysderina spinigera’’ by Dumitrescu and
tographs were presented; from the two Georgescu, 1987). Although the palpal pho-
habitus views, one can determine only that tographs provided by Makhan and Ezzatpa-
their male specimen is a hard-bodied oono- nah do notshowa basally widened embolus,
pid. There is a ventral view that is so out of theBrazilianspecimens,whenseeninventral
focus that one cannot determine anything at or retrolateral views, clearly have that type
all about the structure of the sternum. A of embolus, even though few traces of the
2013 PLATNICKETAL.:PRODYSDERINA,ASCHNAOONOPS, AND BIDYSDERINA 5
widened basal portions are apparent in InAschnaoonops,thedorsalandepigastric
prolateral view (figs. 560–565). scuta appear to have fused only in the
Both genera include some species with females of A. cosanga, A. indio, A. teleferico,
anomalous characters. For example, females A. trujillo, A. simla, and A. villalba, and in
of six species of Prodysderina (P. armata, bothsexesofA.tariba.Thetwoknownmales
P. megarmata, P. piedecuesta, P. rasgon, P. ofA.martaresemblethoseofsomespeciesof
filandia, and P. otun) have the dorsal scutum Paradysderina in showing asymmetry be-
fused to the epigastric scutum (figs. 63, 130); tween the left and right palps; the right
based on the similar male palps of P. rasgon palpal bulb is much less ‘‘inflated’’ than the
and P. santander, we predict that the un- left, and there are also some slight but
known female of the latter species will also consistent differences in the shape of the
show this character, which is not found in embolus on the right and left palps
females of the other two species of the genus (figs. 394–399). The single known female of
(P. rollardae and P. janetae). In the males, A. villalba is also anomalous; the female
these scuta appear to have fused only in P. genitalia are greatly reduced (figs. 588, 589)
rasgon and P. santander. Even odder is that and the posterior legs have spines on the
thefemalesofP.piedecuestaandP.otunhave prolateral sides of tibiae and metatarsi III
thepostepigastricscutumfusedtotheepigas- and IV that have not been detected on any
tricscutum(figs. 108,109,674),afeaturenot other specimens. However, the right and left
found in any of the other females treated posterior legs show different spination pat-
below(althoughitisubiquitousinthemales). terns, and we suspect that this specimen is
Within this group of species, even some teratological.
individual specimens are anomalous; one of Some species groups can be recognized
the females of P. filandia has normal female withinthelargegenusAschnaoonops.Agroup
genitaliaandanormalrightpalp,buttheleft of seven Venezuelan species (A. tachira, A.
palp bears, at its tip, a reduced male bulb tariba,A. teleferico,A.merida, A.aquada, A.
subtending an apparently normal embolus masneri, and A. trujillo) areunited byhaving
(figs. 140–143). Males of P. filandia are anextremelycomplexembolus,withmultiple
unknown, but the embolus on the teratolog- processes, accompanied by a triangular pro-
icalfemale(figs. 144,145)correspondswellto jection on the retrolateral surface of the
thoseoftheotherknownspeciesinthegenus! cymbium (as in figs. 430, 441). Interestingly,
Similarly perplexing diversity occurs with- A. villalba, from Puerto Rico, shares these
in Aschnaoonops. Although most species characters (figs. 586, 587) and seems to
resemble those of Prodysderina in having a belong to the tachira group. Four species
substantial spinneret scutum and a groove (A. meta, A. similis, and A. chingaza from
connecting the posterior spiracles, two spe- Colombia,plusA.belemfromBrazil)sharea
cies (A pedro, fig. 380; A. cristalina, fig. 508) moreapicallysituatedprojectiononthemale
haveseeminglylostthespinneretscutum,and palpal cymbium (as in figs. 320, 332). Two
in the females of two species (A. paez, species (A. ramirezi and A. marshalli from
figs. 299, 301; A. cristalina, fig. 509) the Ecuador) share a deep notch on the ventral
groove that normally connects the posterior pedicelmarginoffemales(figs. 254,270),but
spiraclesseemstohavemovedanteriorlyand that feature has apparently been acquired
lost its spiracular connections (males of A. independentlybytwomembersofthetachira
paez are unknown, but those of A. cristalina group (A. merida and A. trujillo, figs. 468,
have only a weak, almost obsolete, groove 497),aswellasbyonespeciesofProdysderina
connecting those spiracles). Some reduction (P.otun, fig. 674).
of the spinneret scutum also appears in A. A third genus, Bidysderina, is established
jaji; although females of that species have a below for a small group of species with
distinct scutum (fig. 456), males show only a similar sternal structure, but with very
slightly sclerotized rim, bearing the usual different male genitalia. The palpal bulb is
elongate setae. All these somatically anoma- small, not expanded as in more typical
lous species nevertheless have genitalia that members of the Dysderina complex, and the
seem typical for the genus. embolus is almost entirely bifid (figs. 627,
6 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.373
660),producing theappearanceofa separate CAS California Academy of Sciences,
embolus (presumably corresponding to the San Francisco, CA
distal prong) and conductor (presumably CNC Canadian National Collection,
corresponding to the proximal prong; this Ottawa, Canada
conductor is sometimes bifid as well). The FMNH FieldMuseumofNaturalHisto-
maleenditesaredistinctivelymodified,witha ry, Chicago, IL
complex distal process (fig. 595). The female IAVH Instituto Alexander von Hum-
genitalia still retain an atrium, but it is short boldt, Bogota´, Colombia
and small (figs. 630, 652). The five species ICN Instituto de Ciencias Naturales,
assigned to this genus are known only from Universidad Nacional, Bogota´,
Napoprovince,Ecuador;althoughtheyhave Colombia
been taken on the ground (e.g., in pitfall INBIO InstitutoNacionaldeBiodiversi-
traps), they have also been collected by dad, Santo Domingo, Costa
beating foliage and even by canopy fogging, Rica
and at elevations as high as 3850 m. MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias
Our methods follow those of Platnick and Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argen-
Dupe´rre´ (2009a, 2009b); only differences tina
from the males (beyond the obvious lack of MCZ Museumof ComparativeZoolo-
male endite modifications) are mentioned in gy, Harvard University, Cam-
the descriptions of females. The species are bridge, MA
treated geographically, beginning (for Pro- MHNG Muse´um d’Histoire Naturelle,
dysderina) with the Venezuelan type species Geneva, Switzerland
and proceeding westward, and (for Asch- MNHN Muse´um National d’Histoire
naoonops) starting in Peru and proceeding Naturelle, Paris, France
north through the Andes, then east across MPEG Museu Paraense Em´ılio Goeldi,
northern South America, and finally north Bele´m, Brazil
again into the West Indies. Because Asch- MUSM MuseodeHistoriaNatural,Uni-
naoonops is so speciose, separate keys are versidadNacionalMayordeSan
providedtothespeciesofPeruandEcuador, Marcos, Lima, Peru
ofColombia,ofVenezuela,andofBraziland QCAZ Museum of Invertebrates, Ponti-
the West Indies. Scans were taken from ficiaUniversidadCato´lica,Quito,
uncoated right male palps, and the images Ecuador
were flipped for consistency. All measure- USNM National Museum of Natural
ments are in mm. High-resolution, full-color History, Smithsonian Institu-
versions of the images, a sortable version of tion, Washington, DC
thegeocodedlocalitydata,andadistribution ZFMK Alexander Koenig Zoological
map for each species will be available on the Research Museum, Bonn, Ger-
goblinspider PlanetaryBiodiversityInvento- many
ry (PBI) project’s website (http://research.
amnh.org/oonopidae). Users should note
Prodysderina, new genus
that the relatively small published images
are merely avatars for the actual image files Prodysderina (nomen nudum): Dumitrescu and
on the website, which can each be enlarged Georgescu,1987:98.
several times before pixelating.
TYPE SPECIES: Dysderina armata Simon.
ETYMOLOGY: The generic name refers to
COLLECTIONS EXAMINED thesimilaritiestothegenusDysderinaSimon,
and is feminine in gender.
DIAGNOSIS: Members of this genus differ
AMNH American Museum of Natural from those of other members of the Dysder-
History, New York, NY ina complex as follows: from Dysderina,
BMNH Natural History Museum, Lon- Simonoonops, and Costarina by lacking tran-
don, England verse ridges on the sternum (figs. 11, 41, 96,
2013 PLATNICKETAL.:PRODYSDERINA,ASCHNAOONOPS, AND BIDYSDERINA 7
107,129;cf.PlatnickandDupe´rre´,2011a:fig. of carapace by their radius or more, median
3, for Dysderina, Platnick and Dupe´rre´, projection present, formed by fused small,
2011b: figs. 6, 79, for Simonoonops, and triangular chilum (figs. 3, 33); setae light,
Platnick and Dupe´rre´, 2012: figs. 63, 79, 103 needlelike. Eyes six, well developed, ALE
forCostarina);fromNeoxyphinusBirabe´nby largest,oval, PMEsquared,PLEoval;poste-
the bifid embolus of males and rounded rior eye row recurved from above, procurved
lateral margins of the genital atrium of from front; ALE separated by less or more
females (cf. Abrahim et al., 2012: figs. 49, than their radius, ALE-PLE separated by
50); from Scaphidysderina Platnick and Du- lessthanALEradius,PMEtouchingthrough-
pe´rre´ and Paradysderina Platnick and Du- outmostoftheirlength,PLE-PMEseparated
pe´rre´ by the presence of a spinneret scutum by less than PME radius. Sternum (figs. 11,
(figs. 62, 97) and a groove connecting the 41) wider than long, not fused to carapace,
posterior spiracles (figs. 76, 87), and from surface without transverse ridges or pits,
Semidysderina Platnick and Dupe´rre´ by the median concavity and hair tufts absent, with
more incised and tuberculate sternum (cf. radialfurrowsbetweencoxaeI–II,II–III,III–
Platnick and Dupe´rre´, 2011c: figs. 816, 829) IV, furrows with rows of small pits, radial
and the presence of a dorsal abdominal furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickle-
scutum in females. As detailed below, the shapedstructuresabsent,anteriormarginwith
genus is probably closest to Aschnaoonops, continuous transverse groove, posterior mar-
sharing with those species a laterally incised gin notextendingposteriorly ofcoxaeIVbut
sternumbearingtuberculatesetalbasesalong with posterior hump, anterior corners exca-
its lateral and posterior margins. Males can vated,lateralmarginswithinfracoxalgrooves
easily be recognized by the greatly elongated bearing anterior, posterior openings, distance
distal prongandthereduced proximalprong between coxae approximately equal, exten-
oftheembolus (figs. 68,125);females canbe sions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral
distinguished by the normal (rather than margins with bridges to coxae; setae sparse,
reduced or absent) genital atrium. dark, needlelike, densest laterally, originating
DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 1.7– from surface, posterior and lateral margins
2.5, of females 1.6–3.1. Carapace, sternum, with conspicuous, tuberculate setal bases.
mouthparts, abdominal scuta, legs orange- Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face
brown (except in P. janetae, where red- with slight swelling; usually with one large
brown), without pattern; abdomen soft por- tooth on promargin, one smaller tooth on
tions white, without pattern. Cephalothorax: retromargin(figs. 4,5,34,35;scannedonlyin
Carapacebroadlyovalindorsalview(figs. 1, P. megarmata); fangs without toothlike pro-
31), anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its jections, directed medially, shape normal,
maximum width or less, pars cephalica withoutprominentbasalprocess,tipunmod-
strongly elevated in lateral view (figs. 2, 32), ified;setaedark,needlelike,densestmedially;
anterolateral corners with strongly sclero- paturon inner margin with scattered setae,
tized, triangular extension, pars thoracica distal region, posterior surface unmodified,
with rounded posterolateral corners, without promargin with row of flattened setae, inner
depressions or radiating rows of pits, pos- margin unmodified, laminate groove absent.
terolateraledgewithoutpits,posteriormargin Labium (figs. 6, 36) triangular, not fused to
not bulging below posterior rim, posterolat- sternum, anterior margin not indented at
eral surface without spikes; surface of elevat- middle, same as sternum in sclerotization;
ed portion of pars cephalica granulate, sides with six or more setae on anterior margin,
granulate; fovea absent, lateral margin subdistal portion with unmodified setae.
straight, rebordered, with blunt denticles; Endites (figs. 6, 7, 36, 37) same as sternum
plumose setae near posterior margin of pars in sclerotization, distally not excavated, ser-
thoracicaabsent;marginal,nonmarginalpars rula usually absent (scanned only in P.
cephalica, pars thoracica setae light, needle- megarmata), anterior portion modified in
like, scattered. Clypeus margin strongly re- males, posterior portion unmodified; labrum
bordered, sinuous in front view, vertical in with thumb-shaped projection. Female palp
lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge (figs. 38,39)withoutclaworspines;tibiawith
8 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.373
Figs.1–15. Prodysderinamegarmata,newspecies,male.1.Carapace,dorsalview.2.Same,lateralview.
3.Same,anteriorview.4.Chelicerae,anteriorview.5.Same,posteriorview.6.Labiumandendites,ventral
view. 7. Labrum and endites, dorsal view. 8. Left palp, prolateral view. 9. Same, retrolateral view.
10. Palpal tibia, dorsal view. 11. Sternum, ventral view. 12. Spinnerets, distal view. 13. Anterior lateral
spinneret, same. 14.Posterior median spinneret,same. 15.Posteriorlateral spinneret, same.
2013 PLATNICKETAL.:PRODYSDERINA,ASCHNAOONOPS, AND BIDYSDERINA 9
Figs.16–30. Prodysderinamegarmata,newspecies,male.16.Epigastricregion,ventralview.17.Claws
oflegI,lateralview.18.Same,legII.19.Same,legIII.20.Same,legIV.21.ClawsoflegI,distalview.
22.Same,legII.23.Same,legIII.24.Same,legIV.25.TrichobothrialbasefrommetatarsusI,dorsalview.
26.TarsalorganfromlegI,dorsalview.27.Same,legII.28.Same,legIII.29.Same,legIV.30.Same,palp.