The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle: Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Homeostasis

420 Pages·2016·10.96 MB·English

by  Arne Schousboe

Advances in Neurobiology 13
Arne Schousboe
Ursula Sonnewald E ditors
The Glutamate/
GABA-
Glutamine
Cycle
Amino Acid Neurotransmitter
Homeostasis
Advances in Neurobiology
Volume 13
Series Editor
Arne Schousboe
More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/8787
Arne Schousboe • Ursula Sonnewald
Editors
The Glutamate/
GABA- Glutamine Cycle
Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Homeostasis
Editors
Arne Schousboe Ursula Sonnewald
Department of Drug Design Department of Neuroscience
and Pharmacology Norwegian University of Science
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Technology (NTNU)
University of Copenhagen Trondheim , Norway
Copenhagen , Denmark
Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark
ISSN 2190-5215 ISSN 2190-5223 (electronic)
Advances in Neurobiology
ISBN 978-3-319-45094-0 ISBN 978-3-319-45096-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956107
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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Contents
1 Introduction to the Glutamate–Glutamine Cycle ................................ 1
Ursula Sonnewald and Arne Schousboe
2 Glucose, Lactate, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetate, GABA,
and Succinate as Substrates for Synthesis of Glutamate
and GABA in the Glutamine–Glutamate/GABA Cycle ....................... 9
Leif Hertz and Douglas L. Rothman
3 Anaplerosis for Glutamate Synthesis in the Neonate
and in Adulthood ..................................................................................... 43
Eva Brekke , Tora Sund Morken , Anne B. Walls ,
Helle Waagepetersen , Arne Schousboe , and Ursula Sonnewald
4 Enzyme Complexes Important for the Glutamate–Glutamine
Cycle ......................................................................................................... 59
Mary C. McKenna and Gustavo C. Ferreira
5 BCAA Metabolism and NH Homeostasis ............................................ 99
3
M. E. Conway and S. M. Hutson
6 Glutaminases ........................................................................................... 133
Javier Márquez , José M. Matés , and José A. Campos-Sandoval
7 Vesicular Glutamate Uptake .................................................................. 173
Tetsufumi Ueda
8 The Glutamine Transporters and Their Role
in the Glutamate/GABA–Glutamine Cycle .......................................... 223
Renata Leke and Arne Schousboe
9 Glutamine Metabolism in Gliomas........................................................ 259
Monika Szeliga and Jan Albrecht
v
vi Contents
10 Oligodendrocytes: Development, Physiology
and Glucose Metabolism ........................................................................ 275
Ana I. Amaral , Joana M. Tavares , Ursula Sonnewald ,
and Mark R. N. Kotter
11 Dysregulation of Glutamate Cycling Mediates
Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity ................................................ 295
Megan Culbreth and Michael Aschner
12 Astroglia, Glutamatergic Transmission and Psychiatric Diseases ..... 307
Alexei Verkhratsky , Luca Steardo , Liang Peng , and Vladimir Parpura
13 Glutamine Synthetase: Role in Neurological Disorders ...................... 327
Arumugam R. Jayakumar and Michael D . Norenberg
14 The Glutamate–Glutamine Cycle in Epilepsy ...................................... 351
Tore Eid , Shaun E. Gruenbaum , Roni Dhaher , Tih-Shih W. Lee ,
Yun Zhou , and Niels Christian Danbolt
About the Editors ............................................................................................ 401
Index ................................................................................................................. 403
Contributors
Jan Albrecht Department of Neurotoxicology , Mossakowski Medical Research
Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
Ana I. Amaral A nne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Medical Research
Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences ,
University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
Michael Aschner Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein
College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
Eva Brekke Department of Pediatrics , Nordland Hospital Trust , Bodo , Norway
José A. Campos-Sandoval D epartamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica,
Canceromics Lab, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) , Málaga , Spain
M. E. Conway Department of Applied Sciences , University of the West of England ,
Bristol , UK
Megan Culbreth Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College
of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
Niels Christian Danbolt , M.D., Ph.D. Department of Molecular Medicine ,
Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
Roni Dhaher , Ph.D. D epartment of Laboratory Medicine, Y ale School of Medicine,
New Haven , CT , USA
Tore Eid , M.D., Ph.D. D epartment of Laboratory Medicine, Y ale School of
Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
vii
viii Contributors
Gustavo C. Ferreira Department of Pediatrics , University of Maryland School of
Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de
Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
Shaun E. Gruenbaum , M.D. Department of Anesthesiology , Yale School of
Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
Leif Hertz Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases , Institute of Metabolic Disease
Research and Drug Development, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
S. M. Hutson D epartment of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, I ntegrated Life
Sciences Building (0913) , Blacksburg , VA , USA
Arumugam R. Jayakumar Laboratory of Neuropathology , Veterans Affairs
Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA
Mark R. N. Kotter Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Medical Research
Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences ,
University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
Tih-Shih W. Lee , M.D., Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine ,
New Haven , CT , USA
Renata Leke D epartment of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, I nstitute of
Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,
Göteborg , Sweden
Javier Márquez D epartamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics
Lab, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) , Málaga , Spain
José M. Matés Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics
Lab, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) , Málaga , Spain
Mary C. McKenna , Ph.D. Department of Pediatrics , University of Maryland
School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore ,
MD , USA
Tora Sund Morken Department of Ophthalmology , Trondheim University
Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
D epartment of Laboratory Medicine, C hildren’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
Contributors ix
Michael D. Norenberg Laboratory of Neuropathology , Veterans Affairs Medical
Center , Miami , FL , USA
Department of Pathology , University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Miami School
of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
Vladimir Parpura Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in
Medicine, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories , Civitan
International Research Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of
Alabama , Birmingham , AL , USA
Liang Peng L aboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, I nstitute of Metabolic Disease
Research and Drug Development, China Medical University , Shenyang , P. R. China
Douglas L. Rothman Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radiology and
Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
Arne Schousboe Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
Ursula Sonnewald Department of Neuroscience , Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
Luca Steardo Department of Psychiatry , University of Naples SUN, Largo
Madonna delle Grazie , Naples , Italy
Monika Szeliga Department of Neurotoxicology , Mossakowski Medical Research
Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
Joana M. Tavares A nne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Medical Research
Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences ,
University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
Tetsufumi Ueda Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute , The University
of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor ,
MI , USA
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
x Contributors
Alexei Verkhratsky F aculty of Life Sciences, T he University of Manchester,
Manchester , UK
A chucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for
Science , Bilbao , Spain
Department of Neurosciences , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Leioa ,
Spain
Helle Waagepetersen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
Anne B. Walls Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
Yun Zhou , Ph.D. D epartment of Molecular Medicine, I nstitute for Basic Medical
Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway