The Globalization of Wheat: A Critical History of the Green Revolution PDF
Preview The Globalization of Wheat: A Critical History of the Green Revolution
The Globalization of Wheat Intersections: Histories of Environment, Science, and Technology in the Anthropocene Sarah Elkind Finn Arne Jørgensen, and Editors Marci R. Baranski The Globalization of Wheat A Critical History Green Revolution of the University of Pittsburgh Press Published by the University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 15260 Copyright © 2022, University of Pittsburgh Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Baranski, Marci, author. Title: The globalization of wheat : a critical history of the green revolution / Marci R. Baranski. Description: Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press, [2022] | Series: Intersections. Histories of environment, science, and technology in the anthropocene | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022030115 | ISBN 9780822947349 (cloth ; acid-free paper) | ISBN 9780822989066 (ebook ; acid-free paper) Subjects: LCSH: Borlaug, Norman E. (Norman Ernest), 1914-2009. | Borlaug, Norman E. (Norman Ernest), 1914-2009 Wheat in the Third World. | Wheat--Developing countries--History. | Green revolution--History. Classification: LCC SB191.W5 B348 2022 | DDC 633.1/1091724--dc23/eng/20220722 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030115 ISBN 13: 978-0-8229-4734-9 ISBN 10: 0-8229-4734-X Cover design by Melissa Dias-Mandoly To my parents, Mark and Nanette Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Narratives around Wide Adaptation in International Wheat Research, 1960–1970: Norman E. Borlaug, Charles F. Krull, and Keith W. Finlay 25 Chapter 2. Proper Agronomy: The Indian Context of a New Plant Breeding Ideal, 1960–1970 48 Chapter 3. Indian Wheat Research after the Green Revolution 74 Chapter 4. The Persistence of Wide Adaptation in India 97 Chapter 5. Challenges to Wide Adaptation in International Agricultural Research: Wheat in North Africa and the Middle East and Maize in Mexico 124 Conclusion. The Legacy of Wide Adaptation in International Agricultural Development 153 Research Methods 161 Notes 167 Bibliography 203 Index 227 Acknowledgments This book exists only because of the intellectual and personal generosity of the community of scholars and scientists in my life. I am especially thankful to my friends and colleagues at Arizona State University—the scrappy community of historians, philosophers, ethicists, economists, and ecologists—who read my drafts and listened to my talks. I am per- manently indebted to Jane Maienschein and Clark Miller for creating this unique community of scholars from whom I’ve learned so much. I have endless thanks for Jessica Ranney and the administrative staff at ASU for helping me navigate paperwork and getting me to the right places. Ann Kinzig is not only brilliant but also a wonderful mentor who guided, challenged, and supported me through the highs and lows of my research. Hallie Eakin, Dan Sarewitz, and Jamey Wetmore have all inspired me to reach higher and work harder. Prem Narain Mathur welcomed me into Bioversity International’s India office, helped me navigate New Delhi, and introduced me to the right people in Indian agricultural science. I am also beholden to the other members of the Bioversity International New Delhi office during my time there, includ- ing Bhuwon Sthapit, Sarika Mittra, Madan Kanthaganj, and the admin- istrative staff in Delhi and Rome. I’m also especially grateful to Mark Largent for guiding me toward ASU, science policy, and the history of science. ix x acknowledgments The National Security Education Program Boren Fellowship, Rocke- feller Archive Center, and the ASU Center for Biology all provided finan- cial support that made this research possible. My archival research was guided by the helpful librarians and archivists at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Library, Iowa State University Library, and the Rockefeller Archive Center, especially Lee Hiltzik. At IARI Pusa, I thank Drs. I. S. Solanki and D. U. M. Rao for their hospitality and assistance. At the Directorate of Wheat Research, Dr. Satyavir Singh and Dr. Dinesh Kumar were the most thoughtful hosts. Thank you Dr. Achla Sharma and Dr. N. S. Bains at Punjab Agricultural University for your kindness and insights. At IARI New Delhi, Dr. Malvika Dadlani, Dr. Anju Ma- hindru, and Dr. Rajbir Yadav all helped me navigate the historic IARI campus. Dr. Yadav in particular answered many, many questions I had about wide adaptation and the Indian wheat research system, and also tolerated an unnecessarily early taxi with me from Pusa to Patna. Thank you also to the many researchers who spent time with me and helped me understand the complexities of the Indian wheat research system. Many people have played a special role in this book’s development. My anonymous reviewers were invaluable in helping me clarify my nar- rative and identify additional areas of research. Audra Wolfe provided insightful feedback that guided my final revisions, and Regina Higgins provided editorial and formatting support. Abby Collier at the Univer- sity of Pittsburgh Press got this manuscript finally over the finish line. Folks from the agricultural history and agricultural research commu- nity also helped me refine my writing and analysis, including Barbara Kimmelman, Jonathan Harwood, Mauricio Bellon, Derek Byerlee, Sal- vatore Ceccarelli, and members of the Ernst-Struengmann Forum on Agrobiodiversity in the 21st Century, especially Jacob van Etten, Glenn Davis Stone, and Karl Zimmerer. Mary Ollenburger in particular helped me bring my analysis further into the twenty-first century. This has been a long journey and I am eternally thankful for every friend and colleague who provided feedback and encouragement, but es- pecially Kate MacCord, Paige Madison, Erick Peirson, and Steve Elliott. Thank you to my family for your support as I bounce across time zones. Jess, thank you for hosting me in Ames; I can’t tell you how lucky that was! Michael, Tim, and Kevin—you each played an important part of my life during different phases of this book. Michael, we shared those exciting first years of graduate school together as I developed the concept that became this book. Tim, you emotionally supported me through my fieldwork and several setbacks on the way to publishing this manuscript. Kevin, you mostly get to reap the benefits(?) of dating an author. Thank you for prompting me to find a way back to Asia and supporting me acknowledgments xi through the final edits. Finally, thank you to the cats—Fluffins, Mixie, Boonchok, Isaac, and Nikolai—who kept me company during many long days and nights of research and editing.
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