The Geography of Transport Systems

481 Pages·2020·19.947 MB·English

by  Jean-Paul Rodrigue

The Geography of Transport
Systems
This expanded and revised fifth edition of The Geography of Transport Systems pro-
vides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field with a broad overview
of its concepts, methods and areas of application. Aimed mainly at an undergraduate
audience, it provides an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation and focuses
on how the mobility of passengers and freight is linked with geography.
The book is divided into ten chapters, each covering a specific conceptual dimen-
sion, including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transporta-
tion and environmental impacts, and updated with the latest information available.
The fifth edition offers new and updated material on information technologies and
mobility, e-commerce, transport and the economy, mobility and society, supply
chains, security, pandemics, energy and the environment and climate change. With
over 140 updated figures and maps, The Geography of Transport Systems presents
transportation systems at different scales ranging from global to local.
This volume is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geog-
raphy, as well as those interested in economic and urban geography, transport plan-
ning and engineering. A companion website, which contains additional material such
as photographs, maps, figures and PowerPoint presentations, has been developed for
the book and can be found here: https://transportgeography.org/
Jean-Paul Rodrigue is Professor in the Department of Geography and Global Stud-
ies at Hofstra University, New York. His research interests primarily cover issues
related to freight transportation, logistics and globalization, particularly over North
America, Latin America and the Caribbean and Pacific Asia. His recent work is
focusing on the integration of maritime and inland freight distribution systems
through the setting of gateways and corridors and the impacts of containerization on
freight distribution.

The Geography of Transport
Systems
Fifth Edition
Jean-Paul Rodrigue
Fiftheditionpublished2020
byRoutledge
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FirsteditionpublishedbyRoutledge2006
FourtheditionpublishedbyRoutledge2017
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Rodrigue,Jean-Paul,1967-author.
Title:Thegeographyoftransportsystems/Jean-PaulRodrigue.
Description:Fifthedition.|Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,
2020.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2019058941(print)|LCCN2019058942(ebook)|
ISBN9780367364625(hardback)|ISBN9780367364632(paperback)|
ISBN9780429346323(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Transportationgeography.
Classification:LCCHE323.R632020(print)|LCCHE323(ebook)|
DDC388.01–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019058941
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019058942
ISBN:978-0-367-36462-5(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-367-36463-2(pbk)
ISBN:978-0-429-34632-3(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd.
Visitthecompanionwebsite:https://transportgeography.org/
Contents
Listoffigures viii
Contributors xii
Chapter1 Transportationandgeography 1
Concepts:1–Whatistransportgeography? 1
2–Transportationandspace 14
3–Theemergenceofmechanizedtransportationsystems 21
4–Thesettingofglobaltransportationsystems 38
5–Transportationandcommercialgeography 44
CASESTUDY:Strategicmaritimepassages 53
Chapter2 Transportationandthespatialstructure 56
Concepts:1–Thegeographyoftransportationnetworks 56
2–Transportandspatialorganization 66
3–Transportandlocation 74
4–Informationtechnologiesandmobility 79
CASESTUDY:Transportationandmega-urbanregions 88
Chapter3 Transportation,economyandsociety 90
Concepts:1–Transportationandeconomicdevelopment 90
2–Transportationandsociety 102
3–Transportcosts 106
4–Theprovisionanddemandoftransportationservices 115
CASESTUDY:Tourismandtransport 122
Chapter4 Transport,energyandenvironment 124
Concepts:1–Transportationandenergy 124
2–Transportationandtheenvironment 132
3–Transportandsustainability 142
CASESTUDY:Climatechangeandtransportinfrastructure 149
Chapter5 Transportationmodes 151
Concepts:1–Transportationmodes,modalcompetitionand
modalshift 151
2–Roadtransportation 158
3–Railtransportationandpipelines 162
4–Maritimetransportation 171
vi (cid:129) Contents
5–Airtransport 181
6–Intermodaltransportationandcontainerization 195
CASESTUDY:High-speedrailsystems 206
Chapter6 Transportationterminals 208
Concepts:1–Thefunctionoftransportterminals 208
2–Transportterminalsandhinterlands 214
3–Portterminals 219
4–Railterminals 228
5–Airportterminals 235
CASESTUDY:Mega-airportprojects 246
Chapter7 Trade,logisticsandfreightdistribution 248
Concepts:1–Transborderandcrossbordertransportation 248
2–Globalizationandinternationaltrade 253
3–Freighttransportationandvaluechains 263
4–Logisticsandfreightdistribution 270
CASESTUDY:Logisticszones 281
Chapter8 Urbantransportation 283
Concepts:1–Transportationandtheurbanform 283
2–Urbanlanduseandtransportation 292
3–Urbanmobility 301
4–Urbantransportchallenges 310
CASESTUDY:E-commerceandhomedeliveries 319
Chapter9 Transportplanningandpolicy 322
Concepts:1–Thenatureoftransportpolicy 322
2–Transportplanningandgovernance 330
3–Transportsafetyandsecurity 338
4–Transportationanddisasters 345
CASESTUDY:Security,transportandhealthplanning:
thechallengeofpandemics 352
Chapter10 Methodsintransportgeography 354
Methods:1–Methodsintransportgeography 354
2–Definitionandpropertiesofgraphtheory 358
3–Measuresandindicesofgraphtheory 365
4–Geographicinformationsystemsfortransportation(GIS-T) 371
5–Transportationandaccessibility 376
6–Technicalandeconomicperformanceindicators 382
7–TheGinicoefficient 386
8–Spatialinteractionsandthegravitymodel 389
Conclusion:Challengesfortransportgeography 396
Contents (cid:129) vii
1Improvingtransportinfrastructure 396
2Governanceandmanagement 400
3Socialandenvironmentalresponsibility 405
4Futuretransportationsystems 408
Glossary 418
Index 453
Figures
1.1 Atomizationversusmassificationintransportationmodes 3
1.2 Transportationasaderiveddemand 4
1.3 Representationsofdistance 6
1.4 Thescalesoftransportgeography 7
1.5 Corecomponentsoftransportation 9
1.6 Thetransportsystem 12
1.7 Globalspace/timeconvergence:daysrequiredtocircumnavigate
theglobe 20
1.8 TheSilkRoadandArabsearoutes(11thand12thcenturies) 22
1.9 Densityofshiplogentries,1750–1810 26
1.10 Majorcanalsbuiltinthe19thcentury,AmericanNortheast 29
1.11 Americanrailnetwork,1861 32
1.12 ImpactsofMaury’snavigationchartsonsailingtime,1850s 34
1.13 GeographicalimpactsoftheSuezandPanamacanals 36
1.14 Poweredtransatlanticpassengermodes 40
1.15 Globalsubmarinecablenetwork 42
1.16 Economic,transportandcommercialgeography 45
1.17 Globalizationasadriverofaddedvalue 47
1.18 Thecommercializationoftransportation 50
1.19 Therelevanceoflogistics 52
2.1 Point-to-pointandhub-and-spokenetworks 57
2.2 Transportationnetworkefficiencyandresilience 58
2.3 Typologyoftransportationnetworks 60
2.4 Typesoftransportationnetworksandvulnerabilities 62
2.5 Scalesofspatialorganizationfortransportation 67
2.6 Gatewaysandhubs 69
2.7 GlobalGatewaysIndex,2010 71
2.8 Basiclocationfactors 76
2.9 Maintypesofeconomiesinproduction,distributionandconsumption 79
2.10 Thedigitalizationofmobility 81
2.11 Retaillogisticsande-commerce 84
3.1 Economicimpactsoftransportationinfrastructure 92
3.2 Socioeconomicbenefitsoftransportation 93
3.3 Diminishingreturnsoftransportinvestments 96
3.4 Longwavecyclesofinnovation 98
3.5 Transportimpactsoneconomicopportunities 100
3.6 Frictionofdistancefunctions 109
3.7 Differentcomponentsoftransporttime 110
Figures (cid:129) ix
3.8 SelectedInternationalCommercialTerms(Incoterms) 115
3.9 Growthfactorsintransportdemand 118
3.10 Classictransportdemand/supplyfunction 119
4.1 Chemicalenergycontentofsomefuels(inMJ/kg) 125
4.2 Energyefficiencybytransportationmode 127
4.3 Finalenergyconsumptionbyfueltypebytransportsector(in
exajoules) 128
4.4 Globalgreenhousegasemissionsbythetransportationsector 133
4.5 Environmentaldimensionsoftransportation 134
4.6 Sustainabletransportation 145
5.1 Mainpassengermodaloptions 152
5.2 Mainfreightmodaloptions 152
5.3 Distance,modalchoiceandtransportcosts 154
5.4 Distributionofdemandbymode 155
5.5 LengthoftheinterstatehighwaysystemandoftheChinese
expresswaysystem,1959–2017(inkm) 159
5.6 Worldrailnetworkandrailsystems 163
5.7 Worldrailpassengertraffic,2015 166
5.8 Worldrailfreighttraffic,2015 167
5.9 Majoroilpipelines 170
5.10 Domainsofmaritimecirculation 172
5.11 Typesofmaritimecargo 174
5.12 Themaritimetransportlifecycleandmainnationalactors 177
5.13 Emergingglobalmaritimefreighttransportsystem 180
5.14 Theworld’sbusiestairtransportroutes,2017 184
5.15 Longitudinalintermediacy:Icelandair 193
5.16 Latitudinalintermediacy:CopaAirlines 194
5.17 Intermodaltransportchain 197
5.18 Conditionsandoutcomesofintermodaltransport 198
5.19 Advantagesanddrawbacksofcontainerization 205
6.1 Thefunctionsoftransportterminals 210
6.2 Centralityandintermediacy 216
6.3 Thehinterlandofatransportterminal 218
6.4 Portdimensions 220
6.5 Tonnagehandledbytheworld’smajorports,2016 224
6.6 World’smajorcontainerports,2015 225
6.7 Containerterminalsoftheworld’smajorportholdings,2019 229
6.8 Typesofrailterminals 230
6.9 Geographicalscalesofairportlocation 236
6.10 Passengertrafficattheworld’slargestairports,2010 238
6.11 Freighttrafficattheworld’slargestairports,2010 239
6.12 DistancefromCBDandageoftheworld’slargestairports 242
6.13 Hubsofmajorairfreightintegrators 245
7.1 Internationaltrade,transportationchainsandflows 249
7.2 Economicrationaleoftrade 255
7.3 Globaltrade,2017 261
7.4 Thevaluechain(orcommoditychain) 266
7.5 Thevaluechainanditsaddedvalue 267
7.6 Logisticsgoalsandoperations 271