The Geography of Environmental Crime: Conservation, Wildlife Crime and Environmental Activism

256 Pages·2016·5.25 MB·English

by  Gary R. Potter

THE GEOGRAPHY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE CRIME
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM
EDITED BY GARY R. POTTER, ANGUS NURSE
AND MATTHEW HALL
PALGRAVE STUDIES IN GREEN CRIMINOLOGY
Palgrave Studies in Green Criminology
Series Editors
Angus Nurse
Senior Lecturer in Criminology
Middlesex University ,   UK
Rob White
  Professor
University of Tasmania
Australia
Melissa Jarrell
Associate Professor of Criminal Justice
Texas A&M University ,   Corpus Christi
USA
Criminologists have increasingly become involved and interested in envi-
ronmental issues to the extent that the term Green Criminology is now
recognised as a distinct subgenre of criminology. Within this unique
area of scholarly activity, researchers consider not just harms to the envi-
ronment, but also the links between green crimes and other forms of
crime, including organised crime’s movement into the illegal trade in
wildlife or the links between domestic animal abuse and spousal abuse
and more serious forms of off ending such as serial killing. Th is series will
provide a forum for new works and new ideas in green criminology for
both academics and practitioners working in the fi eld, with two primary
aims: to provide contemporary theoretical and practice-based analysis of
green criminology and environmental issues relating to the development
of and enforcement of environmental laws, environmental criminality,
policy relating to environmental harms and harms committed against
non-human animals and situating environmental harms within the con-
text of wider social harms; and to explore and debate new contemporary
issues in green criminology including ecological, environmental and spe-
cies justice concerns and the better integration of a green criminological
approach within mainstream criminal justice. Th e series will refl ect the
range and depth of high-quality research and scholarship in this burgeon-
ing area, combining contributions from established scholars wishing to
explore new topics and recent entrants who are breaking new ground.
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/14622
Gary R . Potter • Angus N urse • Matthew Hall
Editors
The Geography of
Environmental Crime
Conservation, Wildlife Crime and
Environmental Activism
Editors
Gary R. Potter Angus Nurse
Lancaster University Middlesex University
Lancaster , United Kingdom London , United Kingdom
Matthew Hall
University of Lincoln
Lincoln , United Kingdom
ISBN 978-1-137-53842-0 ISBN 978-1-137-53843-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-53843-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016945389
© Th e Editor(s) (if applicable) and Th e Author(s) 2016
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with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Th is work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
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Th e use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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Acknowledgements
Th is book refl ects ongoing work in the fi eld of green criminology and
contemporary debates around environmental issues.
We would like to thank the contributors for their willingness to be
involved in this book, for being generous with their time and for their
patience and fl exibility as the book passed through various editorial and
production stages. For those contributors for whom this book is their
fi rst dip into the world of academic publishing, we appreciate how daunt-
ing this may be. As such, we are grateful to contributors for responding to
the review process and for the considerable development work that went
into their chapters. We thank all the participants at the ESRC Green
Criminology Conference held at London South Bank University in 2014
(whether or not they have provided chapters for this book). Th e enthusi-
asm of scholars and practitioners presenting at that conference provided
the initial impetus for creating a publication to bring their excellent work
to a wider audience.
We would also like to thank Julia Willan and Dominic Walker and
the production team at Palgrave Macmillan for their support, profes-
sionalism and patience as our planned schedule for completing this book
slipped more than once.
Finally, we wish to thank our families and colleagues for their support.
For Matthew: I would like to thank my colleague, Duncan French, for
numerous discussions on the interaction between environmental law and
v
vi Acknowledgements
criminological enquiry. For Angus: I am grateful to Diane Ryland, my
research partner on animal welfare law, whose enthusiasm contributes
greatly to developing this area of my work. For Gary: I am grateful to
Joanna F. Hill for her briefi ngs on poaching literature and ecological sci-
ences which helped with reviewing submissions to this book.
Contents
1 Th e Geography of Environmental Crime 1
Matthew Hall , Angus Nurse , Gary R. Potter , and Tanya Wyatt
Part I Perspectives on Conservation Crimes 11
2 Poaching, Trade, and Consumption of Tiger Parts
in the Bangladesh Sundarbans 13
Samia Saif and Douglas Craig MacMillan
3 Radical Environmentalism and the Role of Nature 33
John Cianchi
4 Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid of … the Environmental
Activist? Ideological War, Coercive Justice, and 
Orwellian Dystopia 59
Aurelie Sauvant , Wendy Fitzgibbon , and Angus Nurse
vii
viii Contents
Part II Crime Prevention and Detection 89
5 Tackling Illegal Wildlife Trade by Improving Traceability:
A Case Study of the Potential for Stable Isotope Analysis 91
Amy Hinsley , Emily King , and Pablo Sinovas
6 ‘Do Some Anti-Poaching, Kill Some Bad Guys, and
Do Some Good’: Manhunting, Accumulation, and 
Pacifi cation in African Conservation 121
Bill McClanahan and Tyler Wall
7 Keeping the Horn on the Rhino: A Study of Balule Nature
Reserve 149
Elisa Reuter and Lieselot Bisschop
Part III Critical Perspectives on Policy and Enforcement 187
8 Enforcement and Professional Constructions of 
Environmental Crime in Finland 189
Iina Sahramäki
9 ‘I Don’t See Myself as a Criminal’: Motivation
and Neutralization of Illegal Hunting by Swedish Norrland
Hunters 217
Emil Rytterstedt
Index 241
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1 Th e Bangladesh Sundarbans with the locations of
29 VTRTs and the adjacent upazilas 15
Fig. 2.2 Th e fl ow web of tiger parts in the villages around
the Bangladesh Sundarbans. 25
Fig. 4.1 Leaderless resistance. Source: Adapted from
Joosse (2007, p. 355) 68
Fig. 4.2 Tree Spike warning. Source: saveoxtrees.wordpress.com
(2008) 72
Fig. 7.1 Map of Balule Nature Reserve subsections.
Source: S. Bosman 156
Fig. 7.2 Balule Rhino Conservation Model 168
Fig. 8.1 Suspected environmental crimes reported to the
police in 2010–2014 in Finland 192
ix