The genus Enoplognatha Pavesi,1880 in the Mediterranean (Araneae: Theridiidae)

33 Pages·1999·0.94 MB·English

by  Bosmans, R

Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.(1999)11(6),209–241 209
The genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 in the SeveraldescribedvariationsofE.ovatawerebasedon
Mediterranean region (Araneae: Theridiidae) colour patterns of the abdomen and appeared to be of
notaxonomicimportance.Itwasnotuntilthestudiesof
Robert Bosmans Hippa&Oksala(1982,1983)thatitbecameevidentthat
LaboratoriumvoorEcologie,ZoögeografieenNatuurbehoud, thespeciesgenerallycalledE.ovatawasinfactaspecies
Ledeganckstraat35,B-9000Gent,Belgium group, composed of four species, three of which they
described as new: E. latimana, E. penelope and E.
and afrodite. This species group appears to be satisfactorily
knownatthemoment.Itwassurprisingtoseethat,even
Johan Van Keer in countries such as Great Britain and Belgium where
Bormstraat204B3,1880Kapelle-op-den-Bos,Belgium the arachnofauna is well known, species with such
differentpalpsandepigynesasE.ovataandE.latimana
Summary had always been regarded as the same species.
Specimens with an abdominal folium and with two
In a revision of 28 valid European and North African
largecheliceralteethinthemaleweregenerallycalledE.
Enoplognatha species, seven new species are described:
mandibularis. This species was said to be common all
Enoplognathaveraen.sp.,E.mariaen.sp.,E.geminan.sp.,
E.carinatan.sp.,E.hermanin.sp.,E.gershomin.sp.and over Europe. Simon (1914) thought he recognised two
E. almeriensis n. sp., as well as the previously unknown subspecies, the nominal one and E. mandibularis nigro-
males of E. biskrensis Denis, 1945 and E. quadripunctata cincta. Two species described from the Canary Islands,
Simon, 1884. The following new synonyms and status are
E. diversa (Blackwall, 1859) and E. sattleri Bösenberg,
proposed: Theridium mansuetum L. Koch, 1882=Enoplo-
1895,werethoughttobeendemictothoseislands.Some
gnatha mandibularis (Lucas, 1846); E. mandibularis nigro-
cincta Simon, 1884=E. mandibularis (Lucas, 1846); E. otherspeciesresemblingE.mandibularisweredescribed,
thoracicoidesNosek,1905=E.quadripunctataSimon,1884; but it took a long time before they were correctly
E. ambigua Kulczyn´ski, 1894, E. jacksoni Schenkel, 1927 diagnosed, or they never were at all. One of these is the
and E. hungarica Kolosváry, 1934=E. serratosignata
Central European E. oelandica (Thorell, 1875). In vol-
(L. Koch, 1879); E. robustula Roewer, 1942=E. diversa
ume2ofLocket&Millidge’sBritishSpiders(1953),the
(Blackwall,1859);RobertuscottarelliiBrignoli,1980=Eno-
plognatha testacea Simon, 1884. The following previously presence of E. mandibularis nigrocincta in England was
proposedsynonymsarerejected:E.quadripunctataSimon, cited.Later(Merrett&Snazell,1975)itwaspointedout
1884=E.thoracica(Hahn,1831)(Levi,1957);E.biskrensis that this was not E. mandibularis nigrocincta but E.
Denis, 1945=E. quadripunctata Simon, 1884 (Levy &
oelandica,whichoccursalsoinFrance,Belgiumandthe
Amitai, 1981); E. biskrensis Denis, 1945=E. testacea
Netherlands. There are several other species resembling
Simon,1884(Wunderlich,1995b).
ThefollowingnewstatusofanAsianspeciesisproposed: E. mandibularis, but these are mostly known only from
E. mandibularis orientalis Schenkel, 1963=E. orientalis their original descriptions and their type localities: E.
Schenkel,1963. ambigua Kulczyn´ski, 1894 from Hungary, E. hungarica
Kolosváry, 1934 from Hungary, E. jacksoni Schenkel,
1927 from Switzerland, E. mansueta (L. Koch, 1882)
History
from Mallorca, E. robusta Simon, 1884 (=E. robustula
The genus Enoplognatha Pavesi is one of the most Roewer, 1942) from Greece, and E. serratosignata (L.
unpopularspidergeneraamongarachnologists,because Koch, 1879) from Siberia. Recently some additions
of the difficulty of species identification. were made to the species group with a dorsal folium.
In the first descriptions of Enoplognatha species, Wunderlich(1995b)describedE.franzifromSpain,and
specimens were identified using two characters: Levy & Amitai (1981) described E. deserta and E.
abdominal pattern and male cheliceral dentition. macrochelis, and they redescribed what they thought to
Specimenswithawhitishabdomenwithblackorreddish be E. mandibularis.
spots and with one large cheliceral tooth were identified The specimens with a uniform or spotted abdomen
asE.ovata(Clerck,1757).Specimenswithanabdominal were called E. thoracica. Simon (1884b) distinguished
folium and with two large, equal cheliceral teeth were somerelatedspecies:E.quadripunctataSimon,1884and
identified as E. mandibularis (Lucas, 1846). Specimens E. testacea Simon, 1884; the former has generally been
with indistinct whitish spots or a uniformly dark considered a synonym of E. thoracica and the latter
abdomen and with two unequal cheliceral teeth were appears to be a widespread Mediterranean species. As
identified as E. thoracica (Hahn, 1831). Finally, some its name indicates, E. thoracicoides Nosek, 1905 from
species were separated from all others by their peculiar Turkey is another related species, but only the female is
cheliceral dentition: E. nigromarginata (Lucas, 1846), E. known and it has never been rediscovered. Another
mordax (Thorell, 1875) and E. tecta (Keyserling, 1884). enigmatic species of this group is E. biskrensis Denis,
These were recognised as separate species before the 1945, which was synonymised with E. quadripunctata
end of the 19th century. Some species were described by Levy & Amitai (1981) but with E. testacea by
more than once and thus have numerous synonyms: E. Wunderlich (1995b). Recently described members of
crucifera (Thorell, 1875), E. schaufussi (L. Koch, 1882) thisgroupareE.parathoracicaLevy&Amitai,1981and
and E. maritima Simon, 1884, all synonyms of E. E. mediterranea Levy & Amitai, 1981.
mordax,andE.caricissensuSimon,1884(notE.caricis Nofurtherproofisneededtoconcludethatthegenus
(Fickert, 1876)), a synonym of E. tecta. Enoplognatha, except for the ovata group, is badly in
210 MediterraneanEnoplognatha
need of revision. Correct descriptions, based on the Museum, Wien; NMB=Naturhistorisches Museum,
examination of type material or if necessary with Basel; NMS=Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt
designationofneotypes,arenecessary.Sucharevisionis am Main.
presented here. We tried to examine as much material as possible. It
appeared that many specimens were incorrectly ident-
ified. Citations and older distribution data thus cannot
Material and methods
betrusted;allthismaterialshouldbere-examined.Only
The characters used in this paper to diagnose species citations of recently described species or readily distin-
are cheliceral dentition and shape of palpal sclerites in guished species are therefore mentioned in the text.
the male, and shape of the epigyne, spermathecae and ThefollowingEnoplognathaspeciesaretreatedinthis
copulatory ducts in the female. paper (valid species are in bold):
Several different sclerites can be distinguished in the Enoplognatha afrodite Hippa & Oksala, 1983: p.211
male palp (Figs. 98, 99). The main part is the tegulum, Enoplognatha ambigua Kulczyn´ski, 1894: p.236
containing the sperm reservoir, from where a wide duct Enoplognatha arganoi (Brignoli, 1980): p.222
runs to the embolus. As it turns towards the antero- Enoplognatha biskrensis Denis, 1945: p.220
medianpartofthebulbus,theductsuddenlynarrowsto Enoplognatha caricis (Fickert, 1876): p.215
enteramembranouspart,connectingthetegulumtothe Enoplognatha corollata (Bertkau, 1883): p.224
distal part of the bulbus. This membranous part is Enoplognatha cottarellii (Brignoli, 1980): p.222
supported by a semicircular, dorsal sclerite, of which Enoplognatha crucifera (Thorell, 1875): p.213
only the distal parts are not covered by the cymbium; Enoplognatha deserta Levy & Amitai, 1981: p.230
its base is visible in ventral view at the mesal side of the Enoplognatha diversa (Blackwall, 1859): p.226
bulbus, its tip at the anterolateral side of the bulbus, Enoplognatha franzi Wunderlich, 1995: p.224
mostly covered by other sclerites. It is generally termed Enoplognatha hungarica Kolosváry, 1934: p.236
the radix. The radix for half its length supports the Enoplognatha jacksoni Schenkel, 1927: p.236
sperm duct on its course to the base of the embolus. Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982: p.212
From the median part of the radix, situated at the Enoplognatha macrochelis Levy & Amitai, 1981: p.229
anteromedian side of the bulbus, several sclerites Enoplognatha mandibularis (Lucas, 1846): p.231
originate: the median apophysis, protruding in a Enoplognatha mandibularis nigrocincta Simon, 1884:
posterior direction and protecting the embolus at rest; p.232
the conductor, protecting the tip of the embolus and Enoplognatha mandibularis orientalis Schenkel, 1963:
guiding the embolus during copulation; an accessory p.234
apophysis (not present in all species), situated at the Enoplognatha mansueta (L. Koch, 1882): p.231
dorsomesal side of the conductor; and the embolus. Enoplognatha maritima Simon, 1884: p.213
Therehasbeensomeconfusioninthepastconcerning Enoplognatha mediterranea Levy & Amitai, 1981: p.223
the definition of the median apophysis and the radix. Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875): p.213
The terminology applied by Levi (1957, 1962) was Enoplognatha nigromarginata (Lucas, 1846): p.214
corrected by the same author in 1968 in a paper on Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875): p.224
Araneidae. Median apophysis and radix were used Enoplognatha orientalis Schenkel, 1963: p.234
correctlybyLevy&Amitai(1981)andHippa&Oksala Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757): p.212
(1983), but in the incorrect, reversed sense by Hippa & EnoplognathaparathoracicaLevy&Amitai,1981:p.220
Oksala (1982) and Wunderlich (1995b), following Levi Enoplognatha penelope Hippa & Oksala, 1982: p.212
(1957, 1962). Enoplognatha quadripunctata Simon, 1884: p.218
Allmeasurementsareinmm.Scalelinesequal0.5mm Enoplognatha robusta Simon, 1884: p.226
for the chelicerae, and 0.2mm for all genital structures. Enoplognatha robustula Roewer, 1942: p.226
Abbreviations: AMNH=American Museum of Enoplognatha sattleri Bösenberg, 1895: p.224
Natural History; CCD=collection Christa Deeleman; Enoplognatha schaufussi (L. Koch, 1882): p.213
CHV=collection Herman Vanuytven; CJB=collection Enoplognatha serratosignata (L. Koch, 1879): p.236
Jan Bosselaers; CJFM=collection John and Frances Enoplognatha tecta (Keyserling, 1884): p.215
Murphy; CJvK=collection Johan Van Keer; Enoplognatha testacea Simon, 1884: p.222
CMP=collection Magdalena Perez; CPP=collection Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1831): p.216
Piet Poot; CPS=collection Paul Selden; CRB= Enoplognatha thoracicoides Nosek, 1905: p.218
collection Robert Bosmans; CRJ=collection Rudy Enoplognatha vicina (Lucas, 1846): p.231
Jocqué; HUJ=Hebrew University of Jerusalem; The following species are newly described:
IRSNB=Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Enoplognatha verae n. sp.: p.213
Belgique, Bruxelles; IZPAN=Instytut Zoologiczy, Enoplognatha mariae n. sp.: p.215
Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw; MNHNP=Muséum Enoplognatha gemina n. sp. (E. mandibularis sensu Levy
national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; MRAC=Musée & Amitai, 1981): p.235
royal de l’Afrique centrale, Tervuren; MNZHB= Enoplognatha carinata n. sp.: p.237
Museum für Naturkunde Zentralinstitut der Enoplognatha hermani n. sp.: p.229
Humboldt-Universität, Berlin; NHML=Natural Enoplognatha gershomi n. sp.: p.231
History Museum, London; NMW=Naturhistorisches Enoplognatha almeriensis n. sp.: p.231
R.Bosmans&J.VanKeer 211
According to Simon (1929: 754), followed by Roewer E.gershomin.sp.,E.hermanin.sp.,E.macrochelisLevy
(1942), Zilla gigas Franganillo, 1913 is probably an & Amitai, E. oelandica (Thorell), E. sattleri Bösenberg.
Enoplognatha species. In his most inadequate descrip-
tion,Franganillomentionsthepresenceofspinesonthe thoracica group:
femora. The femora of Enoplognatha species never pos- Diagnosis: Male chelicerae with two large unequal
sessspines,henceZillagigascannotbeanEnoplognatha teeth; abdomen uniformly dark grey to black or with
species. pattern of white or greyish-white spots; legs relatively
We will not discuss Wunderlich’s (1995a) description short, in most species females with femur I shorter than
of Enoplognatha militaris, based on two specimens with length of cephalothorax; living in ground layer.
expanded palps. Species included: E. biskrensis Denis, E. mediterranea
Levy & Amitai, E. parathoracica Levy & Amitai, E.
quadripunctata Simon, E. testacea Simon, E. thoracica
Groups
(Hahn).
Considering morphological (mainly based on males)
mandibularis group:
aswellasecologicalcharacters,thespeciestreatedinthis
Diagnosis: Male chelicerae with two large equal or
paper can be classified in the following groups:
unequal teeth; abdomen with dorsal folium; legs rela-
tively short, in females femur I 0.8–1.1 times as long as
ovata group:
cephalothorax; male palp with accessory apophysis and
Diagnosis: Male chelicerae with one large tooth; ab-
conductor as two large, parallel sclerites; living in
domenpredominantlywhite;legslong,infemalesfemur
ground layer.
I 1.7–2.1 times as long as cephalothorax; living on low
Species included: E. carinata n. sp., E. gemina n. sp.,
bushes and in herbage.
E. mandibularis (Lucas), E. orientalis Schenkel,
Species included: E. afrodite Hippa & Oksala, E.
E. serratosignata (L. Koch).
latimanaHippa&Oksala,E.ovata(Clerck),E.penelope
Hippa & Oksala, E. verae n. sp.
Description of species
nigromarginata group:
Enoplognatha afrodite Hippa & Oksala, 1983 (Map 1)
Diagnosis: Male chelicerae, apart from teeth in fang
groove,withanteriorandposteriorteeth;abdomenwith Enoplognatha afrodite Hippa & Oksala, 1983: 73 (descr. (cid:1), (cid:2));
dorsal folium; legs moderately long, in females femur I Deltshev,1992:14;Vanuytvenetal.,1994:13.
1.1–1.4timesaslongascephalothorax;livinginherbage
Description: See Hippa & Oksala (1983).
and in ground layer.
Material examined: FRANCE: Charente Maritime: Côte Sauvage,
Speciesincluded:E.mariaen.sp.,E.mordax(Thorell), 4(cid:2),2June1992,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM20729,21558);Forêtde
E. nigromarginata (Lucas), E. tecta (Keyserling). la Coubre, 1(cid:2), 21 May 1993, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 21590);
Ronce,1(cid:1),8June1991,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM19652).Corsica:
diversa group: Calenzana, Vero, Col de Tana (Hippa & Oksala, 1983); Venaco, 4(cid:1)
4(cid:2), 15–16 May 1989, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 17755, 17898,
Diagnosis:Malecheliceraewithtwo,rarelythreeteeth
18067);Nocetaroad,3(cid:1)1(cid:2),23May1989,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM
in fang groove; abdomen with dorsal folium; legs rela- 17968); Corte, 1(cid:1) 5(cid:2), near citadel, 25 May 1995, R. Bosmans leg.
tively short, in females femur I 0.8–1.2 times as long as (CRB);Zicavo,730m,2(cid:1)5(cid:2),onherbsinmaquis,26May1995,J.&
cephalothorax; male palp with poorly developed acces- K. Van Keer leg. (CJvK). Deux Sèvres: La Maucarrière, 2(cid:2), 4 June
sory apophysis and large conductor; living in ground 1992, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 20765). Pyrénées Orientales:
Collioure (Hippa & Oksala, 1983); Col d’Ouillat, 1(cid:1), 26 May 1988,
layer.
P.Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994).ITALY:Sardinia:Sassari:
Speciesincluded:E.almeriensisn.sp.,E.desertaLevy Calangianus,5(cid:1)3(cid:2),Quercussuberforest,16May1997,J.&K.Van
& Amitai, E. diversa (Blackwall), E. franzi Wunderlich, Keerleg(CJvK);Tempio-Pausania,3(cid:1)1(cid:2),parkarea,15May1997,
Map1: DistributionofEnoplognathaafroditeHippa&Oksala.
212 MediterraneanEnoplognatha
Map2: DistributionofEnoplognathapenelopeHippa&Oksala.
J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).BOSNIA:Neum,1(cid:1),4May1988,P. 11 June 1997, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). TURKEY: Alanya, 1(cid:2),
Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994);Ston,1(cid:1),7May1988,P.Poot May1968(IRSNB).
leg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994).CROATIA:Dubrovnik(Hippa& Distribution: See Oxford & Reillo (1994). Cited here
Oksala,1983);idem,1(cid:1),10April1976,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM for the first time in Bosnia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
5323);Slano,1(cid:1),13–24May1988,P.Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,
and Algeria.
1994). BULGARIA: Haskovo (Deltshev, 1992). GREECE: Crete:
Kastelli (Hippa & Oksala, 1983); Matala, 1(cid:1), 9 April 1995, J. Ecology: Males collected from May to July, one
Bosselaers leg. (CJB); Plakias, 1(cid:1) 2(cid:2), April 1995, J. Bosselaers leg. occasionalmaleinSeptember,andfemalesfromMayto
(CJB);Spili,1(cid:1),16May1994,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Ionian August.
Islands:Corfu:Kassiopi.Kefalonia:Asos,Spiridon,1(cid:2),27May1987,
J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM14896);Atsoupades,1(cid:1)4(cid:2),22May1987, Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)
J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM14747);Pastra,2(cid:1)3(cid:2),21May1987,J.&
F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 14714); Sami, 1(cid:2), 24 May 1987, J. & F. AraneusovatusClerck,1757:58
Murphy leg. (CJFM 14951); Skala, 3(cid:1) 3(cid:2), 21 May 1987, J. & F. Enoplognathaovata;Hippa&Oksala,1982:216;Roberts,1995:290.
Murphyleg.(CJFM14727).Macedonia:Halkidiki:Poligiros,1(cid:1),18 Enoplognathalineata;Heimer&Nentwig,1991:288.
April1978,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM3460;Hippa&Oksala,1983).
Northern Sporades: Skiathos, Troulos, Moni Panafios, 2(cid:1), 28 April Description: See Hippa & Oksala (1982), Roberts
1986,P.R.Deelemanleg.(CCD).Peloponnesos:Argolida:Arachnaio (1995) or Heimer & Nentwig (1991, sub E. lineata).
N., 2(cid:1) 9(cid:2), herbs in Quercus maquis, 24 May 1998, R. Bosmans leg. Material examined: SPAIN: Asturias: Arenas de Cabrales, 1(cid:1), 20
(CRB).Korinthia:PisiaE.,1(cid:2),1June1998,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB). July 1985, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Cantabria: Bulnes, 2(cid:2), along
TURKEY:Izmir:YamanlarDagi(Hippa&Oksala,1983). rivulet,19July1985,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);betweenPandetraveand
Distribution (Map 1): See Oxford & Reillo (1994). PortilladelaReina,1(cid:2),12July1985,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);between
Cited here for the first time in Italy (Sardinia) and Potes&PuertodeSanGlorio,700m,4(cid:2),ingrassland,11July1985,
Bosnia. R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).Gerona:BetweenBaelsandBorreda,800m,
1(cid:2),herbsalongroad,14July1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);between
Ecology: Males and females collected from April to
DòrriaandPlanoles,1200m,2(cid:1)1(cid:2),sweepingherbs,10July1991,R.
June.
Bosmans & J. Van Keer leg. (CRB & CJvK); between Núria and
Queralbs,1(cid:1)1(cid:2),18July1991,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);Ogassa,Sierra
Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982 deSantAmand,900m,1(cid:1)6(cid:2),inherbs,8July1991,R.Bosmans&J.
VanKeerleg.(CRB&CJvK);PuertodeToses,1800m,3(cid:1),sweeping
Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982: 217; Heimer &
herbs,10July1991,R.Bosmans&J.VanKeerleg.(CRB&CJvK);
Nentwig,1991:288;Roberts,1995:290. Puigmal, S. slope, Font de l’Homme mort, 1800–2200m, 2(cid:2), in
grasses,13July1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Huesca:Gargantade
Remarks: This species was for a long time confused
Bujaruelo,1(cid:2),2August1984,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).PORTUGAL:
with E. ovata. It is not an exclusively Mediterranean Penacovaroad,1(cid:1),1953(IRSNB).FRANCE:Doubs:Charquemont,
species, as it also occurs in temperate Europe. 2(cid:2),9September1991,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM19955);Etangdu
Description: See Hippa & Oksala (1982), Roberts Moulin, 1(cid:2), 8 September 1991, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 19935).
(1995) or Heimer & Nentwig (1991). Haute Savoie: Valloire, 1(cid:1), 2 June 1980, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB).
Pyrénées Orientales: Hospitalet, Mérens-le-Vals, 1200m, 3(cid:1) 3(cid:2),
Material examined: SPAIN: Gerona: Between Berga and Borreda,
EmbalsedelaBaels,800m,1(cid:2),14July1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK); grassland,11July1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Nohèdes,7(cid:1)3(cid:2),July
Puigmal,S.slope,Fontdel’HommeMort,1800–2000m,1(cid:2),13July 1991, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 19808). LEBANON: Aïn Dara,
1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Ripoll,900m,1(cid:1)2(cid:2),12July1991,J. Nahr,Jessayer,1000m,1(cid:2),24May1966(IRSNB).
Van Keer leg. (CJvK); Sant Jaume de la Frontanyà, 1100m, 1(cid:1) 1(cid:2), Distribution: Very common in temperate Europe, but
alongrivulet,14July1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Málaga:Ronda, apparently rarer in the Mediterranean region (see also
banks of Rio Guadalevin, 1(cid:2), 9 May 1956 (IRSNB). ALGERIA: Oxford&Reillo,1994).Citedhereforthefirsttimefrom
Blida:AtlasBlidéen,Meurdja,950m,1(cid:1),sweepingherbs,13Septem- Portugal and Lebanon.
ber1987,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).MOROCCO:Ifrane:Cascadesdes
Vierges,1600m,1(cid:1)10(cid:2),24July1971,R.Jocquéleg.(MRAC).Rabat, Enoplognatha penelope Hippa & Oksala, 1982 (Map 2)
1(cid:1)1(cid:2),16May1934(IRSNB).BOSNIA:Mjesici,Rogatica,1(cid:1),July
1969, C. Deeleman leg. (CCD). BULGARIA: Russalka, 1(cid:2), near EnoplognathapenelopeHippa&Oksala,1982:221(descr.(cid:1),(cid:2)).
coast,6August1990,K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).GREECE:Thessalia:
Trikkala: between Kastraki and Meteora, 1(cid:1), herbs around spring, Description: See Hippa & Oksala (1982).
R.Bosmans&J.VanKeer 213
Materialexaminedandcitations:BULGARIA:Rusalka,plainnear by two relatively wide whitish stripes. Male chelicera
Black Sea coast, 1(cid:2), 6 August 1990, K. Van Keer leg. (CJvK). (Fig. 3): With one, basally curved tooth. Male palp
GREECE:IonianIslands:Kefalonia:Sami,1(cid:1),24May1987,J.&F.
(Figs. 1–2): Tibia 0.27–0.29 long, cymbium 0.56–0.61
Murphyleg.(CJFM14827);Skala,1(cid:1),21May1987,J.&F.Murphy
leg. (CJFM 16229). Peloponnesos: Kastoriani, 1(cid:1), 30 May 1994, long; radix large, with small marginal and submarginal
Metzner leg. (CJvK). Lakonia: Githeo S., Mavrovouni, 2(cid:2), herbs denticles; median apophysis elongated, sickle-shaped;
along river, 26 May 1998, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Dodekanesos: accessory apophysis a small, blunt sclerite, conductor
Rhodes: Apolakia-Vatio, 1(cid:2), sweeping herbs, 22 May 1996, J. Van a large, transverse sclerite, terminally bluntly pointed
Keer leg. (CJvK); Archipolis-Platania, 1(cid:1), sweeping grassland, 20
and curved in anterior direction; embolus long and
May1996,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Filerimos,1(cid:2),sweepingherbs,23
May 1996, J. Van Keer leg. (CJvK); Laerma, 1(cid:2), 21 May 1996, R. linear, describing half a circle. Epigyne (Fig. 4): With
Bosmans leg. (CRB); Salachos (Hippa & Oksala, 1982). Cyclades: small, posteromedian depression, 0.08–0.10 wide, with
Spetses,2(cid:1)2(cid:2),herbsalongdryrivulet,25May1998,R.Bosmansleg. only its anterior margin chitinised, and with small
(CRB). Macedonia: Halkidiki: Kallithea, 2(cid:1) 9(cid:2), 13 June 1997, posteromedian incision. Vulva (Fig. 5): Receptacula
R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Pieria: Pandeleimonas, 1(cid:1), 9 June 1997, R.
largeandoval,connectedbyshort,thick-walledductsto
Bosmans leg. (CRB); Platamonas, 1(cid:1), herbs, 19 June 1997, R.
Bosmansleg.(CRB).Thessalia:Magnissia:KataGadzea,1(cid:2),10June posteromedian depression.
1997,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB). Other material examined: SPAIN: Almer´ıa: Los Escullos, 1(cid:2), 23
Distribution (Map 2): Previously known only from March1990,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM18357).Málaga:Maro,1(cid:1),
March–April 1987, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 14422). Mallorca:
Greek islands (Oxford & Reillo, 1994), here also cited
Puerta de Pollensa, 1(cid:2), 6 April 1975, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM
from Bulgaria and the Greek mainland.
4363). ITALY: Sardinia: Cagliari: Costa Verde, Marina di Arbus,
Ecology:MalescollectedinMayandJune,femalesin 50m,2(cid:2),19May1997,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Oristano:Santa
May, June and August. CatarinadiPittinuri,1(cid:2),understonenearcoast,19May1997,J.&K.
Van Keer leg. (CJvK). GREECE: Crete: Aghia Ghalini, 1(cid:1), stones
nearhotel,28April1997,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Lendas,6(cid:2),small
Enoplognatha verae n. sp. (Figs. 1–5, Map 3) treesnearcoast,18May1994,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Mallia,
1(cid:2),8April1972and1(cid:2),19April1979,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM
Type material: Holotype (cid:2) from Tunisia, Psihou, 16 1187,7614).Dodekanesos:Rhodes:NWLaerma,1(cid:2),stonealongriver
May 1917 (sub E. nigromarginata, MNHNP AR 3675); Xerivrissi, 21 May 1996, J. Van Keer leg. (CJvK). MOROCCO:
2(cid:2) paratypes (one without abdomen), same data. Agadir: Anza, N. Agadir, 1(cid:2), on slope with Euphorbia, 3 February
Etymology: The second author is very happy to 1996,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).TUNISIA:Bizerte:LacIchkeul,15m,
1(cid:2), stones in pasture, 25 January 1995, J. Van Keer leg. (CJvK).
dedicate this species to his mother Vera.
Zaghouan: E. Saouaf, 750m, 1(cid:2), stones in Juniperus maquis, 24
Diagnosis: By its colour, E. verae n. sp. is closely
January1995,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).
related to E. nigromarginata, but easily distinguished by Distribution (Map 3): Apparently a coastal species,
thespeckledlegs,thesinglecheliceraltoothinthemale, as it was always collected near the coast. Known from
thetransverseconductorinthemalepalp,andthesmall Morocco,Tunisia,Spain,ItalyandGreece.Itissurpris-
posteromedian depression in the epigyne. ing that it was not collected in Algeria during the four
Description: Male: Total length 3.3–3.8; cephalo- years the first author spent there.
thorax 1.48–1.50 long, 1.15–1.23 wide; Fe I 1.32–2.76 Ecology: Males collected in March–April, females in
long.Female:Totallength2.8–5.7;cephalothorax0.95– January–May.
1.85 long, 0.81–1.60 wide; Fe I 1.90–3.61 long. Colour:
Cephalothorax yellowish brown, with dark median and
Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875) (Figs. 6–11)
lateral stripes; sternum yellowish brown, in male with
dark grey posteromedian spot, in female with bifurcate ZillamordaxThorell,1875a:82(descr.(cid:1)).
stripe; legs yellowish brown, distal part of segments ZillacruciferaThorell,1875b:57(descr.(cid:1),(cid:2)).
MetaschaufussiL.Koch,1882:628.
and scattered spots dark brown to black; abdomen
EnoplognathamaritimaSimon,1884a:189(descr.(cid:1),(cid:2)).
whitish with dorsal elongate dark grey to black folium,
Enoplognathaschaufussi;Heimer&Nentwig,1991:288.
ventrally with dark grey median band, laterally flanked Enoplognathamordax;Roberts,1995:291.
Map3: DistributionofEnoplognathaveraen.sp.(circles),E.sattleriBösenberg(triangles)andE.gershomin.sp.(square).
214 MediterraneanEnoplognatha
Description:SeeRoberts(1995)orHeimer&Nentwig Diagnosis:Malesareeasilyrecognisedbythepresence
(1991, sub E. schaufussi) and Figs. 6–11. of frontal cheliceral teeth, and by the elongated
Materialexamined:BELGIUM:Antwerpen:Retie,Prinsenpark,1(cid:1) accessory apophysis, females by the wide arched
7(cid:2),inpitfallsingrassland,7June–5July1995,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB). structure in the epigyne.
West-Vlaanderen: Knokke, Zwin, 1(cid:2), salt marsh, 15 August 1988, J.
Remarks: Wunderlich (1995b) stated that the type
Van Keer leg. (CJvK); Wenduine, 1(cid:1), Ammophila in dunes, 10 June
material of Enoplognatha nigromarginata from Algeria
1988, J. & K. Van Keer leg. (CJvK). FRANCE: Col de Palhères,
900m,1(cid:2),stonygrassland,22June1995,B.Vercammenleg.(CJvK). hasbeenlostandthattheidentityofthespeciesthuswill
LoireAtlantique:Brière,1(cid:1),31May1992,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM remain unclear. He described the species on material
20678).MOROCCO:Tetouan:Mdicq,5m,1(cid:1),Juncusinsaltmarsh, from Morocco and Corsica, identified by Simon as E.
16May1984,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).CYPRUS:Prastio,Dhiarizos
nigromarginata.InAlgeria,wecollectedthesamespecies
river,1(cid:1),7April1993,P.Seldenleg.(CPS).
onfouroccasions.ThematerialcloselyresemblesLucas’
Distribution:Mainlyacoastalspecies,knownfromall
(1846) figure of the general view of the animal. For
over Europe. It is new to Africa.
stability, one of these specimens is here selected as
Ecology: Males collected from April to June, females
neotype.
from June to August.
Description: Male: Total length 2.9–4.7; cephalo-
thorax 1.30–2.06 long, 1.00–1.55 wide; Fe I 1.70–2.71
Enoplognathanigromarginata(Lucas,1846)(Figs.12–17, long. Female: Total length 3.9–5.2; cephalothorax
Map 4) 1.45–1.90 long, 1.30–1.55 wide; Fe I 1.8–2.36. Colour:
Cephalothorax yellowish brown with black median and
TheridionnigromarginatumLucas,1846:258(descr.(cid:2));Simon,1873a: lateralstripes;sternumbrownwithblackposteromedian
98(descr.(cid:1));1881:136.
stripe; legs uniformly yellowish brown; abdomen with
Enoplognatha nigromarginata; Simon, 1884a: 185; 1914: 283, 305;
distinct folium, olive, in middle with elongate whitish
Bacelar,1928:185;Caporiacco,1932:236;Wunderlich,1995b:
707. band with central dark spot, ventrally from epigastric
furrow to spinnerets with broad black band flanked by
Type material: Neotype (cid:1) from Algeria, Tlemcen, two narrow lateral stripes. Male chelicera (Figs. 14–15):
plainbetweenTalTernyandTernyBeniHadiel,1175m, With two frontal teeth, one posterior tooth and two
inJuncustuftsalonganoued,6May1984,R.Bosmans teethinfanggroove,basalonestrongestandwithsmall
leg.; deposited in MNHNP. basal denticle. Male palp (Figs. 12–13): Tibia 0.29–0.45
Figs.1–11: 1–5Enoplognathaveraen.sp.1Malepalp,ventralview;2Idem,lateralview;3Malechelicera,posteriorview;4Epigyne;5Vulva,
ventralview.6–11Enoplognathamordax(Thorell).6Malepalp,ventralview;7Idem,lateralview;8Malechelicera,anteriorview;
9Idem,posteriorview;10Epigyne;11Vulva,ventralview.
R.Bosmans&J.VanKeer 215
long; cymbium 0.45–0.56 long; basal part of radix (Caporiacco, 1923, 1951) and from Greece (Bristowe,
with small, mesal denticle; median apophysis nearly 1935), but these citations should be confirmed.
quadrangular, minutely dentate along its mesal margin; Ecology: Collected exclusively near rivers or in river
accessoryapophysisastrong,pointedtooth,longerthan beds. Males found from March to May, females from
more or less rectangular, terminally bluntly pointed April to May.
conductor; embolus describing half a circle. Epigyne
(Fig.16):Withanarched,chitinisedstructure,0.16–0.18
wide, with small apertures of copulatory ducts situated Enoplognatha tecta (Keyserling, 1884) (Figs. 18–23)
at base of arms of arch. Vulva (Fig. 17): Copulatory
SteatodacaricisFickert,1876:57(nomendubium).
ducts first winding outwards, then converging abruptly LithyphantestectusKeyserling,1884:129.
to median part of epigyne and turning posteriorly to Enoplognathacaricis;Simon,1884a:188;Merrett&Snazell,1975:109;
apertures. Heimer&Nentwig,1991:286.
Material examined: ‘‘Maroc Corsica’’ (sic) 1(cid:1) 12(cid:2) (MNHNP AR Enoplognathatecta;Roberts,1995:291.
3676). SPAIN: Cádiz: Tarifa, 1(cid:1), March 1994, P. Poot leg. (CPP;
Vanuytvenetal.,1994).Jaén:AlcalálaRealE.,RiberaBaja,600m, Description:SeeRoberts(1995)orHeimer&Nentwig
1(cid:1),alongrivuletinPopulusplantation,6April1997,R.Bosmansleg. (1991, sub E. caricis) and Figs. 18–23.
(CRB). Huelva: Zufre, 1(cid:2), river bank, 10 April 1992, R. Jocqué leg. Material examined: No material examined from the
(CRJ).Málaga:Ojén,2(cid:1),17April1974,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM
Mediterranean region.
3337).PORTUGAL:Algarve:Withoutfurtherlocality(Simon,1881;
Distribution: Southern England, Belgium, the
Bacelar, 1928). ITALY: Sardinia: Nuoro: Villa Nova Strisaili, Lago
altodelFlamendosa,1(cid:1),stonesalongrivulet,13May1997,J.&K. Netherlands,France,Germany,Switzerland,theformer
VanKeerleg.(CJvK).ALGERIA:Alger:Alger(Lucas,1846).Bouira: Czechoslovakia;citedalsofromItaly(Caporiacco,1940)
E. Bechloul, Oued Zaiane, 400m, 1(cid:2), tamarisk litter, 28 April 1988, and Rhodes (Caporiacco, 1948) but this should be
R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).TiziOuzou:BetweenTiziGhenifandChabet-
confirmed.
el-Ameur, 125m, 1(cid:2), stones along Oued Djemaâ, 1 May 1984, R.
Bosmans leg. (CRB). Tlemcen: Plain between Tal Terny and Terny
Beni Hadiel, 1175m, 2(cid:1) (one of them the neotype) 1(cid:2), Juncus tufts
alonganoued,6May1984,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);idem,1(cid:1)2(cid:2),23 Enoplognatha mariae n. sp. (Figs. 24–29, Map 4)
May 1990, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). MOROCCO: Marrakech:
Merader(Caporiacco,1932). Typematerial:Holotype(cid:1)fromGreece,Crete,Malia,
Distribution (Map 4): A widely distributed, but rarely 2 April 1972, J. & F. Murphy leg.; 1(cid:2) paratype, same
collected species. We examined material from Spain, locality, 12 April 1972, deposited in AMNH.
France(Corsica),Italy(Sardinia),AlgeriaandMorocco. Etymology: The first author is happy to dedicate this
The species is also cited from continental Italy species to his mother Maria.
Figs.12–23: 12–17Enoplognathanigromarginata(Lucas).12Malepalp,ventralview;13Idem,lateralview;14Malechelicera,anteriorview;
15Idem,posteriorview;16Epigyne;17Vulva,ventralview.18–23Enoplognathatecta(Keyserling).18Malepalp,ventralview;
19Idem,lateralview;20Malechelicera,anteriorview;21Idem,posteriorview;22Epigyne;23Vulva,ventralview.
216 MediterraneanEnoplognatha
Diagnosis: The species is immediately recognisable by Distribution (Map 4): Known only from the Greek
itsgeneralpaleyellowishandcream-whitecolour,look- islands Crete and Rhodes.
ing like a species of the ovata group, but males have Ecology: The single male was collected in April,
anterior and posterior teeth on the chelicerae, as in the females in April and May.
nigromarginata group, and females distinguished by the
small, less sclerotised epigyne.
Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1831) (Figs. 30–35,
Description: Male: Total length 4.4; cephalothorax
Map 5)
1.80 long, 1.54 wide; Fe I 2.88 long. Female: Total
length 4.1–6.5; cephalothorax 1.86–2.11 long, 1.52–1.70 TheridionthoracicumHahn,1831:88.
wide; Fe I 2.36–2.76 long. Colour (based on a recently Enoplognathathoracica;Heimer&Nentwig,1991:286;Roberts,1995:
collected (cid:2) from Rhodes, the material from Crete being 290.
bleached):Cephalothoraxpaleyellowishbrown,median
Type material: The species was described from
stripe and margin greyish; sternum yellowish brown,
Nürnberg, Germany. No type material was examined.
margin and short posteromedian stripe grey; legs pale
As only one species of the thoracica group occurs in
yellowish brown; abdomen dorsally cream-white, ven-
Germany, there can be no doubt about its identity.
trally with median greyish stripe flanked by two cream-
Diagnosis: Closely related to E. quadripunctata. The
white stripes; spinnerets surrounded on both sides by 3
two species cannot be separated by colour. Males of E.
blackish spots. Male chelicera (Figs. 26, 27): With 5
thoracica are easily distinguished by the much more
large teeth, one anterior, one posterior, one near fang
sharply pointed tip of the median apophysis (Fig. 30 cf.
base and two in fang groove. Male palp (Figs. 24–25):
Fig. 36); females have a square, domed median part of
Tibia 0.43 long, cymbium 0.54 long; radix not promi-
the epigyne, whereas it is trapezoid and flat in E.
nent, rounded mesally; median apophysis wide, for a
quadripunctata (Fig. 34 cf. Fig. 40). Males also distin-
large part with parallel margins, rounded at its base,
guished from E. parathoracica by lacking a distal raised
anteriorly with two teeth; accessory apophysis wide,
swelling on the chelicerae and by the straighter mesal
terminally rounded; conductor widened distally, termi-
margin of the radix, and females by lacking the large
nally pointed; embolus long, describing 3/4 of a circle.
oval depressions in the epigyne.
Epigyne(Fig.28):Posteriorwidth0.16;withtransverse,
Remarks:E.thoracicaandE.quadripunctatahavenot
oval pit, 0.05 wide, with only its anterior border well-
hitherto been differentiated. Previous records cannot
marked and chitinised, separated by 1.5(cid:3) its diameter
be trusted, although generally E. thoracica is a
from epigastric furrow. Vulva (Fig. 29): Copulatory
northern species, absent from North Africa, and E.
ducts short, first curving outwards, then returning in a
quadripunctata is southern.
sharp angle to median pit.
Description: Male: Total length 2.6–3.7; cephalo-
Other material examined: GREECE: Crete: Phaestos, 1(cid:2), 18 April
thorax 1.25–1.75 long, 0.95–1.35 wide; Fe I 1.10–1.40
1979, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 7594). Dodekanesos: Rhodes: SE
Laerma, 1(cid:2), stones along rivulet, 21 May 1996, J. Van Keer leg. long.Female:Totallength3.0–4.5;cephalothorax1.25–
(CJvK). 1.75 long, 1.00–1.35 wide; Fe I 1.00–1.50 long. Colour:
Figs.24–35: 24–29Enoplognathamariaen.sp.24Malepalp,ventralview;25Idem,lateralview;26Malechelicera,anteriorview;27Idem,
posteriorview;28Epigyne;29Vulva,ventralview.30–35Enoplognathathoracica(Hahn).30Malepalp,ventralview;31Idem,
lateralview;32Idem,mesalview;33Malechelicera,anteriorview;34Epigyne;35Vulva,ventralview.
R.Bosmans&J.VanKeer 217
Map4: DistributionofEnoplognathanigromarginata(Lucas)(circles)andE.mariaen.sp.(triangles).
Cephalothorax and legs yellowish brown; abdomen Bosmansleg.(CRB);Namur,16–23May1995,7(cid:2),H.Vanuytvenleg.
mostly uniformly dark brown, but 12% of examined (CHV). FRANCE: ‘‘Gallia’’ 24(cid:1) 105(cid:2) (MNHNP AR 3688). Alpes
Maritimes:Menton,3(cid:1)8(cid:2)(MNHNPAR3692).Ardèche:Coux,1(cid:2),7
specimens have two pairs of pale spots. Male chelicera
June1987,P.Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994).Ariège:Pausede
(Fig. 33): With strong, pointed proximal tooth and Saut, 700m, 1(cid:2), 1 June 1991, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 19558).
stub-like distal tooth, both with one or two denticles. Aude:Gruissan,1(cid:1),1April1980,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).Bouchesdu
Malepalp(Figs.30–32):Tibia0.24–0.29long,cymbium Rhone: St. Martin de Crau, 1(cid:1), 19 May 1986, R. Poot leg. (CPP).
0.48–0.56 long; radix wide, with angular basal corner; Charente Maritime: Côte Sauvage, 5m, 1(cid:1) 9(cid:2), 2 June 1992, J. & F.
Murphy leg. (CJFM 20730). Corsica: Forêt d’Aitone, 1(cid:2), stones in
median apophysis sharply pointed anteriorly, in mesal
Pinusforest,24May1995,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Calacuccia,2(cid:2),25
view strongly incised; accessory apophysis hardly devel-
May1995,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);Casabianca,ColdeSt.-Antoine,
oped, difficult to detect; conductor with broad base, 690m, 2(cid:2), stones, 22 May 1995, J. Van Keer leg. (CJvK); Castirla,
distally strongly narrowed and membranous; embolus alongD18,345m,4(cid:2),Quercussuberlitter,25May1995,J.VanKeer
long, describing 2/3 of a circle. Epigyne (Fig. 34): leg.(CJvK);betweenColdeCortoneandPietrosella,4(cid:2),inlitter,27
May 1995, R. Bosmans & J. Van Keer leg. (CJvK & CRB); Noceta
Posterior width 0.18–0.21; square, with large, rounded
road,1(cid:2),23May1989,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM17966);Gorgesde
apertures; in fresh specimens heavily chitinised, with Restonica,1300m,1(cid:1)3(cid:2),stones,26May1995,R.Bosmans&J.Van
receptacula rarely visible through integument. Vulva Keer leg. (CJvK & CRB); Chapelle San Quilico, 500m, 1(cid:2), 19 May
(Fig. 35): Receptacula rounded; copulatory ducts short, 1989, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 17852); Tattone, 850m, 3(cid:2),
curving directly to apertures. 24May1989,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM18021);Venaco,250m,2(cid:2),
21 May 1989, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 17899); Col de Vergio,
Material examined: ‘‘Europe’’, 3(cid:2), sub E. mandibularis (MNHNP 1480m,1(cid:1)4(cid:2),stones,24May1995,R.Bosmans&J.VanKeerleg.
AR 3714). ‘‘Volo-Constantinople’’, 2(cid:2), sub E. quadripunctata (CJvK&CRB);S.Vivario,ColdeSorba,1320m,1(cid:2),stones,26May
(MNHNP AR 3690). BELGIUM: West-Vlaanderen: Knokke, Zwin, 1995,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);ColdeVizzavona,1200m,5(cid:2),20May
2(cid:1)1(cid:2),dunes,5June1975,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);Koksijde,1(cid:1),4 1989, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 17863, 18103) and 1930m, 2(cid:2),
April1983,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).Antwerpen:Ekeren,1(cid:1)2(cid:2),June stones, 28 May 1995, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Ille et Vilaine: Lassy,
1990,H.Vanuytvenleg.(CHV);Turnhout,1(cid:1),21June1985,J.Van 100m,1(cid:1),18May1993,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM21537);Forêtde
Keerleg.(CJvK).Brabant:Zemst,1(cid:1),10May1986and1(cid:2),21June Rennes,100m,1(cid:1),23May1992,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM20418).
1986,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Hainaut:Viroinval,2(cid:2),19June1993, Hautes Alpes: Banon, 11 May 1986, 1(cid:2), P. Poot leg. (CPP). Lot:
H.Vanuytvenleg.(CHV).Limburg:Lommel,1(cid:2),8August1993,H. Bernades, 300m, 1(cid:2), 15 May 1984, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM
Vanuytven leg. (CHV). Luxembourg: Torgny, 2(cid:1), 28 May 1987, H. 11740). Morbihan: Penvins, 1(cid:1), sandy shore, 25 May 1992, J. & F.
Vanuytvenleg.(CHV).Namur:Antheit,Corphalie,3(cid:2),2June1990,J. Murphy leg. (CJFM 20459). Pyrénées Atlantiques: Larrau, 3(cid:2), 28
VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Dinant,RocherdeFréyr,1(cid:2),2June1976,R. September1989,P.Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994).Pyrénées
Map5: DistributionofEnoplognathathoracica(Hahn)(circles)andE.parathoracicaLevy&Amitai(triangles).
218 MediterraneanEnoplognatha
Orientales:Banyuls,7(cid:2)(MNHNPAR3697);Canigou,Vilmanga,22(cid:2) Distribution (Map 5): We examined material from
(MNHNPAR3674);Cerdagne,2(cid:2)(MNHNPAR3685);ColdeJou, Belgium, France (including Corsica), Spain, Portugal,
1100m,3(cid:2),9June1982,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM10527);Miglos,
Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Greece or Turkey (see
Norgeat, 1(cid:1), 11–21 June 1996, H. Vanuytven leg. (CHV); Nohèdes,
1000m,2(cid:2),July1991,J.&F.Murphyleg.(CJFM19821).Vald’Oise: remarks under E. quadripunctata below). In Corsica, it
Montmorency,4(cid:1)9(cid:2)(MNHNPAR3687).Vendée:Barbâtre,2(cid:1)1(cid:2), is the dominant species at higher altitudes, while E.
dunes, 27 May 1992, J. & F. Murphy leg. (CJFM 20533). Yvelines: quadripunctata occurs in the lower parts. All citations
Verneuil s/S., 1(cid:1) 8(cid:2), August 1908 (MNHNP). SPAIN: Albacete: S. from the north of Europe most probably concern E.
Tarazona de la Mancha, 600m, 4(cid:2), stones in degraded Quercus ilex
thoracica.
forest, 8 April 1997, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Córdoba: S. Iznájar,
500m, 1(cid:2), stones near lake, 5 April 1997, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB).
Gerona:Bruguera,3(cid:2),8July1991,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);Odello,1(cid:2),
6July1991,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB);Ogassa,ColdeJou,1(cid:2),8July Enoplognatha quadripunctata Simon, 1884 (Figs. 36–41,
1991,J.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Puigmal,S.slope,Fontdel’Homme Map 6)
mort,1800–2000m,1(cid:2),amongstones,13July1991,J.VanKeerleg.
(CJvK); San Jaume de la Frontanya, 1(cid:2), 14 July 1991, R. Bosmans EnoplognathaquadripunctataSimon,1884b:333;1885:27(descr.(cid:2)).
leg. (CRB); Sant Marti d’Ogassa, 2(cid:2), 15 July 1991, R. Bosmans leg. EnoplognathathoracicoidesNosek,1905:116,129(descr.(cid:2)).Syn.n.
(CRB).Granada:SierradelaContreviesa,PuertoCamacho,1230m,
1(cid:2),stoneinpineforest,6April1997,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).Huelva: Type material: Lectotype (cid:2) of E. quadripunctata, by
SierradelViento,N.LaNava,600m,1(cid:2),stoneinQuercusilexforest, present designation, labelled ‘‘Volo, Constantinople’’
2 April 1997, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Huesca: Broto, 1(cid:1), 14 May (MNHNPAR3690);1(cid:2)paralectotype,samedata.Type
1987,P.Pootleg.(CPP;Vanuytvenetal.,1994).PORTUGAL:Alto
Alentejo:PortelN.,250m,3(cid:2),litterandstonesinopenQ.suberforest, series of E. thoracicoides, comprising 2(cid:2) from Turkey,
8April1996,R.Bosmansleg.(CRB).Douro:Porto,1(cid:2)(MNHNPAR ErdschiasDagh,A.Pentherleg.(NMW518);examined.
3691,subE.lusitanica(nomennudum),togetherwith1(cid:1)ofRobertus Diagnosis: The species cannot be distinguished from
arundineti). BOSNIA: Neum, 1(cid:1), 4 May 1988, P. Poot leg. (CPP; E. thoracica by abdominal pattern, as previously
Vanuytvenetal.,1994).CROATIA:Slano,3(cid:2),24May1988,P.Poot
thought. Males can be distinguished by the less sharply
leg.(CPP).ITALY:Calabria:Aspromonte,1(cid:1)2(cid:2)(NMW517,subE.
mandibularis). Sardinia: Nuoro: Baunei, Golgo, 700m, 1(cid:2), under pointed anterior part of the median apophysis; females
stones,12May1997,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);Calangianusde by the less sclerotised, narrower and trapezoid median
Gallura,1(cid:2),inQuercussuberforest,16May1997,J.&K.VanKeer part of the epigyne. Males also distinguished from E.
leg.(CJvK);CantonieraPiraeOnni,870m,2(cid:2),alongCalaressiriver, parathoracica by lacking a distal raised swelling on the
14May1997,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK);MonteSpada,1450m,
chelicerae and by the straighter mesal margin of the
1(cid:2),understones,14May1997,J.&K.VanKeerleg.(CJvK).Sassari:
Callangianus,1(cid:2),inQuercussuberforest,16May1997,J.&K.Van radix, and females by lacking the large oval depressions
Keerleg.(CJvK). in the epigyne.
Figs. 36–47: 36–41 Enoplognatha quadripunctata Simon. 36 Male palp, ventral view; 37 Idem, lateral view; 38 Idem, mesal view; 39 Male
chelicera, anterior view; 40 Epigyne; 41 Vulva, ventral view. 42–47 Enoplognatha parathoracica Levy & Amitai. 42 Male palp,
ventralview;43Idem,lateralview;44Idem,mesalview;45Malechelicera,anteriorview;46Epigyne;47Vulva,ventralview.