The genus Afer Conrad, 1858 (Gastropoda : Buccinidae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and a new species from western Africa

2008·3.9 MB·

by  Koen Fraussen

K. Fraussen NOVAPEX 9(1): 41-48, 10 avril 2008
The genus Afer Conrad, 1858 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae),
with descriptions of a new subgenus and a new species from western Africa
Koen FRAUSSEN
Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium
[email protected]
KEY WORDS.Afer, Streptosiphon, Sénégal, Mauretania, new subgenus, new species.
ABSTRACT. A remarkable species ofAfer from Mauretania is described as new. The generic
placement is based on protoconch morphology, which is identical to the other known Afer species.
Conchological characteristics ofthe teleoconch whorl are peculiar and serve as the basis for the
new subgenus Praecantafer subgen. nov. to accommodate the new species: Afer (Praecantafer)
echinatus sp. nov. Species formerly assigned to Streptosiphon Gill, 1867 are confirmed as distinct
from typicalAferConrad, 1858 and the status ofStreptosiphon is restored at the subgeneric level.
INTRODUCTION ZMA: Zoologisch Muséum, University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
The description ofthis new species is based on two ZMB: Muséum fur Naturkunde (Zoologisches
spécimens that were collected some 30 years apart. Muséum), Humboldt Universitât, Berlin, Germany
Both spécimens originate from the by-product of
fisheries surveys carried out on the rich bottoms of SYSTEMATICS
the coastal Sahara upwelling, extending from
southern Morocco to Mauritania. The holotype was BUCCINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815
collected in 1982 onboard R/V N'Diago by Dr
Bertrand Richer de Forges while he was working for GenusAferConrad, 1858
the Centre National de Recherche Océanographique Afer Conrad 1858. Type species: "Fusus afer
et des Pêches (CNROP) in Nouadhibou, Mauretania. (Lamarck)" by original désignation = Murex afer
The origin of the paratype is less précise. It was Gmelin, 1791 (type locality: "Habitat ad Sénégal").
collected during a fishery survey carried in the 1950s
onboard R/VPrésident Théodore Tissierby what was The genus Afer went through a confusing taxonomic
then the French Institut Scientifique et Technique des history. It was placed in several families: "Fusidae"
Pêches Maritimes (ISTPM); regrettably, the samples by Tryon (1881: 69, for Afer afer), Buccinidae by
were incompletely labelled and the station data are Tryon (1881: 99, for Streptosiphon porphyrostoma),
lost, but we know that the survey sampled southern "Vasidae" (now Turbinellidae) by Thiele (1931: 343)
Morocco and/or Mauretania. Although the région is and Wenz (1941: 1306), Fasciolariidae by Abbott
the target of intensive commercial fisheries, it has (1959: 15), Buccinidae by MacNeil (1960: 75, with
remained almost unexplored by académie research Siphonofusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 a synonym of
vessels, and the new Afer may be less rare than Afer), Turbinellidae by Abbott & Dance (1986: 210)
indicated by the finding ofjust two spécimens in 30 and Vaught (1989: 52, as a subgenus of Tudivasum
years. Rosenberg & Petit, 1987). Not untill 2000 (Fraussen
& Hadorn, 2000: 28-42), when the radulae of the
Abbreviations. known Atlantic species were prepared and the
placement in Buccinidae confirmed.
BM(NH): British Muséum (The Natural History The genus was used in a broad sence by Fraussen &
Muséum), London, England Hadorn (2000: 28-42) and Monsecour & Monsecour
K.BIN: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor (2005: 23-32), without subgeneric splitting. In the
Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels, Belgium présent study Streptosiphon is recognized as distinct
K.F: Collection Koen Fraussen, Aarschot, Belgium. from typical Afer and retracted from its synonymy.
KMMA: Klaipeda Maritime Muséum and Aquarium, Streptosiphon is restored at the subgeneric level. In
Klaipeda, Lithuania addition, Praecantafer subgen. nov. is described to
MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, accommodate the peculiar Afer {Praecantafer)
Paris.France echinatus sp. nov.
NMBE: Naturhistorisches Muséum Bern, Bern, Still no opportunity has appear to study the radula of
Switzerland Afercumingi(Reeve, 1844), a species from Japan and
Taiwan. A. cumingi is conchologically similar to the
41
k KM SM \ The gcnus AferConrad, 1858
I
West \frican species, but the louer columellar tooth nov. described below), a quite columbariid shape: a
is folded in .t particular waj similar to the gcnus rather short spire and a long siphonal canal.
Tudicla ROding, 1798, Further stud) is needed to Euthria M. F. Gray, 1850 (type species: "Fusus
confirm the generic placement ofthis species. lignarius Chiaje", this is Fusus Ugnarius Lamarck,
lu the présent paper onl\ the Récent species are 1816, a junior synonym of Murex corneus Linnaeus,
discussed. 1758, from Mediterranean Sea) has a similar radula
\\en/ (1941) considered the following two fossil taxa and may hâve a similar shape and pattern but differs
as subgenera of [fer. Further study is required to in having a smaller protoconch, usually a shorter
either confirm their subgeneric status or to recognize siphonal canal and an outer lip which has a smooth
theni as distinct gênera: inside or with lesser pronounced internai lirae.
Hercorhyncus Conrad, 1868 (type species: Fusus Euthriostoma Marche-Marchard & Brebion, 1977
tippanus Conrad. 1860) from the Cretaceous of the (type species: Euthriostoma gliberti Marche-
USA. placed in Vasidae. as subgenus of Afer, by Marchard & Brebion, 1977, by original désignation)
Wenz, 1941; placed in Fusininae, by Sohl 1964a differs in having a small protoconch. The shells are
(220) & 1964b (376); placed in Fasciolariidae easily recognized by the large, heavy, white shells
(Cretaceous Group) by Snyder(2003: 237). with high spire.
Streptopelma Cossmann. 1901 (type species:
Peristernia linteus Tate, 1888) from the Eocene of Range. West Africa, from Ivory Coast in the south
Australia, placed in Vasidae, as subgenus ofAfer, by {A. (A.) afer) to Morocco (Agadir) in the north (A.
Wenz, 1941; placed in Fasciolariidae (Peristernia (Streptosiphon) lansbergisi). Maybe also West-
Group)bySnyder(2003: 311). Pacific [should "Afer" cumingi (Reeve, 1844) be
shown to be referable to this genus].
Diagnosis. Shell thick, solid. Shape broadly fusiform
SubgenusAferConrad, 1858
or slender. siphonal canal rather long, open.
Figs. 7-8
Protoconch typical, papilliform, higher than broad,
whorls smooth and glossy. Teleoconch whorls
Diagnosis. Shell thick, solid. Shape from moderately
usually with angular shoulder. Sculpture consisting
slender with short spire to elongate with élégant
of. usually dominant, spiral cords in combination
spire, siphonal canal long, open. Protoconch typical
with axial ribs. Aperture oval, columella curved, for genus. Whorls with slightly angular shoulder,
callus narrow and thin or broad and thick. Outer lip sculpture consisting of sharp spiral cords with broad
thick. usually with numerous internai knobs,
interspaces and of narrow, rather sharp axial ribs.
occasionally smooth.
Aperture oval, columella gently curved, callus narrow
Radula typical buccinid. Central tooth with broad
and rather thin, outer lip thick with numerous internai
base (rather triangular or semi-oval), tricuspid.
knobs, edge sharp.
Latéral teeth with 3 pointed cusps, outermost cusp
Radula typical buccinid. Central tooth rather
largest.
triangular, base concave, top slightly elevated,
tricuspid, cusps of equal size, central cusps
Comparison. The genus Afer is characterized by the eventually slightly larger. Latéral teeth with 3 pointed
multispiral, papilliform protoconch, higher than
cusps, outermost cusp largest.
broad. smooth. glossy, with nicely rounded tip.
Serratifusus Darragh, 1969 (type species: Fusus Comparison. The subgenus Afer is characterized by
craspedotus Tate, 1888, OD, from the Miocène of the sharp spiral sculpture and the narrow columellar
southeast Australia) differs in having a smaller lip. The radula ofA. {A.) afer is similar to the radula
protoconch with a deviated axis for the firstwhorl, an of Euthria cornea (Linnaeus, 1758), as figured by
even longer siphonal canal which may be bended or Cooke (1917, fig. 1), with a rather triangular central
torsed and a radula with more rectangular central tooth with concave base. For différences with
cusp. The genus Serratifusus has, together with Afer Streptosiphon and Praecantafer subgen. nov. See
(and especially its subgenus Praecantafer subgen. comparisons under those subgenera.
Figures 1-6
1-6.Afer{Praecantafer) echinatus sp. nov.,
MNHN
1-2. Mauretania, continental shelf, N. O. "N'diago" stn. 85, 20°07'N, 17°38'W, 200 m, holotype 9964, 26.7
mm; 3-4. operculum ofholotype; 5-6. Dredged between Morocco and Sénégal, R. V. "Président-Theodore-Tissier"
cruise, paratype MNHN 9965, 29.5 mm.
42
K. Fraussen NOVAPEX 9(1): 41-48, 10 avril 2008
43
K I K U ssl \ I lie genus Afer Conrad, 1858
Range. West Vfrica, mainlj from Sénégal I. (A.) The radula ofA. (S.) porphyrostoma is similar to
afer i> known from as soutfa as [vorj Coast. A. (A.) the radula of Buccinulum vittatum (Quoy &
pseudofusinus is known from as nortfa as northem Gaimard, 1833) as llgured by Cooke (1917, Figs.
Mauriiania aiul from fisherman off the C'unuiy 4-5) (his fig. 4 being forma littorinoides), with a
Islands rhe next two species arc included m the broad, ratheroval central tooth.
subgeiuiv The subgenus Afer can be distinguished by its
sharper spiral sculpture, its narrow inner lip
Afer (Afer) afer(Gmelin, 1791) (callus) and in having a radula with a more
Figs. 7-8 triangular central tooth with a more concave base
and sharper edges. For différences with
Murex afer Gmelin. 1791: 3558, sp. 129 (type Praecantafer subgen. nov. see comparisons under
locality: Sénégal "Habitat ad Sénégal"). that subgenus.
The spécimen llgured by Adanson (1757, pi.8,
tlg.18 "Lipin") is considered the type. This Range. West Africa. A. (S.) porphyrostoma is
spécimen is probably lost. known from Sénégal. A. (S.) lansbergisi is known
from Mauritania in the south, along Western
Afer(Afer)pseudofusinus Fraussen & Hadorn, Sahara, to Morocco (Agadir) in the north. The next
2000 two species are included in the subgenus.
Aferpseudofusinus Fraussen & Hadorn, 2000: 32- Afer(Streptosiphon)porphyrostoma
34, figs. 1-3, 5-6 (type locality: continental shelf (Reeve, 1847)
offMauriiania, Meteor stn. 60.78, 17°17' N, 16°28' Figs. 9-10
W, 95 m deep).
HolotypeMNHN6315. Fasciolaria porphyrostoma Reeve, 1847: pi.5,
sp.l 1 (type locality: "Eastern Seas" is erroneous).
SubgenusStreptosiphon Gill, 1867 Sometimes, and also by Reeve himself, referred to
Figs. 9-10 "Adams & Reeve, Voy.Sam.", meaning the
publication of "The Zoology of the Voyage of
Streptosiphon Gill, 1867: 152, as genus, type H.M.S. Samarang" in 1848-1850. The author of
species by original désignation: Tudicla this species however is Reeve, 1847.
porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1847). Probable holotype in BM(NH), nr. 1875.12.10.163
(Delsaerdt, 1993:91).
Diagnosis. Shell thick, solid. Shape moderately
slender with short, conical spire, siphonal canal Junior synonym: Tudicla recurva A. Adams, 1854:
long, open. Protoconch typical for genus. Whorls 135-136, sp. 26, pl.28, fig.4 (type locality:
with slightly angular shoulder, smooth, sculpture "Sénégal").
consisting ofFine spiral lines as interspaces and of 5 syntypes in BM(NH) nr. 1992158.
broad, rather blunt axial ribs. Aperture oval,
columella gently curved, callus broad and rather Afer(Streptosiphon) lansbergisi Delsaerdt, 1993
thick, forming a wide inner lip, outer lip thick with
numerous internai knobs, edge sharp. Afer lansbergisi Delsaerdt, 1993: 89-96, 5 figs.
Radula typical buccinid. Central tooth broad, (type locality: "near the coast of Sierra Leone, in
weakly curved, tricuspid, cusps of equal size. 15-40mdepth").
Latéral teeth with 3 pointed cusps, outermost cusp Holotype in KMMA, nr. KJM 7642
largest.
For the history of the confusion between A.
Comparison. Streptosiphon is characterized by its porphyrostoma and spécimens of A. lansbergisi,
rather smooth shell and the broad columellar lip. see Delsaerdt (1993: 92).
Figures 7-12
7-8.Afer(Afer) afer(Gmelin, 1791), 34.6 mm, protoconch 1.5 mm, Gorée, Sénégal, KF nr. 2959.
9-10.Afer(Streptosiphon)porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1847), 38.7 mm, protoconch 1.7 mm, M' Bour, Sénégal, 10-20
m, KF nr. 2360.
11-12.Afer{Praecantafer) echinatus sp. nov., holotype, 26.7 mm, protoconch 1.3 mm, offMauretania, 200 m,
MNHN.
44
K. Fraussen NOVAPEX 9 (1 ): 41-48, 1 avril 2008
45
-
k I K U ssl \ Thegenus [ferConrad, 1X58
Praecmntmfer subgen. no\ interspaces a fine groove. Remaining whorl suddenly
becoming angulate, gradually stronger, forming a
rypc species. [fer(Praecantafer)echinatus sp. nov. canna. Penultimate whorl with a second carina parlly
concealed under louer suture. Body whorl with 3
Diagnosis. Shell thîn but solid. Shape strong carinae which are ornamented with sharp axial
columbariiform, spire rather short, siphonal canal lamellae and 12 smoother spiral cords of différent
long, straight, open. Protoconch rather papilliform, Strength on base and siphonal canal.
higher than broad, typical tbr genus. Whorls with First 1/8 teleoconch whorl smooth. Ibllowing 1/8
angular shoulder. Sculpture consisting of at least 2 weakly waved. Further worls stringly knobbed on the
pronounced, peripheral spiral cords \\ith broad carinae. Subsutural slope smooth, suprasutural part
interspaces. Spiral cords on base and siphonal canal slightly waved.
weaker. Axial sculpture consisting ofsharp spines on Aperture round. Outer lip thin, simple, edge sharp.
top of spiral cords. Aperture oval, columella gently Columella smooth (holotype, subadult). Paratype
curved, câlins narrow and rather thin, outer lip with 2 small abapical eolumellar knobs, 1 small
usuallj thick without internai knobs, edge blunt. adapical eolumellar knob and some irregular lirae,
eolumellar lip thin. sharp. Siphonal canal long.
Comparison. The subgenus Afer differs from slender, open.
Praecantafer in having a larger number of spiral Operculum corneus, pale brown, ovate, nucleus
cords. a shorter siphonal canal, an outer lip with terminal.
internai lirae and a sharp edge. The subgenus Animal and radula unknown.
Streptosiphon differs in having a smoother sculpture,
a usuall} shorther siphonal canal, an outer lip with Comparison. Afer (Praecantafer) echinatus sp. nov.
internai lirae and a sharp edge. is characterized by the columbariid shape with a long
siphonal canal and a rather broad spire with sharp
Range. Only known from the type species. OffWest spiral cords and short spines.
Africa, in deep water.
Etymology. Afer (Praecantafer) echinatus sp. nov. is
Etymology. Praecantafer subgen. nov. is named named after the Latin expression echinatus
after the Latin expression praecantare (verb), (adjective), meaning "with spines" or"spiny".
meaning "bewitching" which refers to the enchanting
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
shell.
Afer(Praecantafer) echinatus sp. nov. fm grateful to Jerry Harasewych (National Muséum
Figs. 1-6. 11-12. ofNatural History, Smithsonian Institution, USA) for
calling my attention to this new species, Philippe
Type material. Holotype. 26.7 mm, Mauretania, Bouchet and Virginie Héros (Muséum national
continental shelf. N. O. "N'diago" campagne 1981 d'Histoire naturelle, France) for the loan of the type
stn. 85. 20°07,N, 17°38'W. 200 m, MNHN 9964. material, Pierre Lozouet (Muséum national d'Histoire
Paratype, 29.5 mm. R. V. "Président-Théodore naturelle, France) for bibliographical help, Kevin
Tissier" cruise, dredged between Morocco and Monsecour (Belgium) and Yves Terryn (Natural Art,
MNHN
Sénégal, 9965. Belgium) for digital photography and to David
Monsecour(Belgium) forcorrecting the Engish text.
Type loeality. Mauretania, continental shelf, N. O.
"N'diago" campagne 1981 stn. 85, 20°07'N, REFERENCES
17°38-\V. 200 m.
Abbott, R. T. 1959. The family Vasidae in the Indo-
Range. Only known from the type material. Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 1(1): 15-32.
Abbott, R. T. & Dance, S. P. 1986. Compendium of
Description. Shell thin, fragile, up to 29.5 mm in Seashells. A colorGuide to More than 4200 ofthe
length. Shape columbariiform, with broad, short World's Marine Shells. éd.3. Florida, American
spire, siphonal canal elongate. Aperture together with Malacologists, 411 pp.
siphonal canal equal to or slightly longer than 2/3 of Adams, A. 1854. Description ofThirty-nine New
total shell length. Species ofShells, from the Collection ofHugh
Protoconch big. rather papilliform, consisting of2 1/2 Cuming. Esq. Proceedings ofthe Malacological
smooth whorls. covered by minuscule holes. SocietyofLondon, 22: 130-138.
Diameter 1.3 mm. length: 1.6 mm. Transition to Adams, H. & Adams, A. 1854. The Gênera ofRécent
teleoconch abrupt, marked by a sharp edge. Mollusca; arranged according to their
Teleoconch consisting of 4 1/2 whorls. First 1/4 organization. 1 (1853). London, J. van Voorst,
whorl well convex with 8 broad, weak, spiral cords, 484 pp
46
K. Fraussen NOVAPEX 9(1): 41-48, 10 avril 2008
Adanson, M. 1757. Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Milne Edwards. Tome 9. Paris. Baillière. 725 pp.
Coquillages. Paris, 275 pp Maltzan, H. von 1884. Diagnosen neuer
Beets. C. 1986. Notes on Buccinitlum. a reappraisal. SenegambischerGastropoden. Nachrichtsblatt
Scripta Geologica, 82: 83-100. derDeutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.
Cooke, A. H. 1917. The radula ofthe genus Euthria, 16(5): 65-73.
Gray. Proceedings ofthe MalacologiealSociety Marche-Marchard. I. & Brébion. Ph. 1977. Sur un
ofLondon, 7: 232-237. Buccinidé nouveau d'affinité miocène vivant au
Dali. W. H. 1918. Notes on Chysodomus and other large du Sénégal. Comptes-rendus
Mollusks from the North pacifie Océan. Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académiedes
Proceedings ofthe UnitedStates National Sciences deParis (sér.D-339) 285(4): 339-342.
Muséum, 54(2234): 207-234. Monsecour. D. & Monsecour, K. 2005. An overview
Darragh. T. A. 1969. A revision of the family ofthe genusAferConrad, 1858 (Gastropoda:
Columbariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Buccinidae). Neptunea, 4(3): 23-32.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, Nicklès, M. 1950. Mollusques Testacés Marins de la
83(1): 63-119. Côte Occidentale d'Afrique. Manuels Ouest-
Delsaerdt. A. 1993. Aferlansbergisi anew species Africains. 2. Lechevalier. Paris.
from western Africa. Gloria Maris, 31(6): 89-96. Reeve, L. A. 1847. Conchologica Iconica: or.
Fraussen, K. & Hadorn. R. 2000. TransferofAfer Illustrations ofthe shells ofMolluscous animais.
Conrad. 1858 to Buccinidae (Neogastropoda) IV. Monograph ofthe genus Fasciolaria. London.
with description ofa new species from western Reeve & Benham. pi. 1-7.
Africa. Gloria Maris, 38(2-3) 1999: 28-42. Reeve, L. A. & Adams, A. 1848-1850. The Zoology
Gill, Th. M. D. 1867. On the genus Fulgerand its ofthe Voyage ofH.M.S. Samarang; underthe
Allies. AmericanJournalofConchology, 3(2): command ofCaptain Sir Edward Belcher. C.B..
141-152. F.R.A.S.. F.G.S.. during the years 1843-1846. 1-3.
Gmelin. J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae. London, Reeve & Benham. 84 pp.
Ed. 13. Tom. 1. Vermes. Pars 6: Mollusca, p. Rôding. P. F. 1798. Muséum Boltenianum sive
3021-3910. Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae
Gray. M. E. 1850. Figures ofmolluscous animais olim collegeratJoa. Fried Bolten. M.D.p.d. per
selected from various authors. Vol. 4. Longman. XL. annos Proto physicus Hamburgensis, 2.
Brown. Green and Longmans, London. 219 pp. Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia. bivalvia &
ICZN Opinion 489. 1957. Validation under the multivalvia. Hamburgi, Trappii. 199 pp. Reprint
plenary powers ofthe generic name "Turhinella" 1906.
Lamarck, 1799 (class Gastropoda). as the name Rosenberg. G. & Petit. R. E. 1987. Ryckholt's
forthe sacred chank shell ofIndia. Opinions and Mélanges Paléontologiques. 1851-1862, with a
Déclarations rendered by the International New Name for Tudicla H. & A. Adams, non
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Ryckholt. Proceedings oftheAcademyofNatural
17(12): 157-178. ScienceofPhiladelphia, 139: 53-64.
Kiener, L.-C. 1840. Species Général et Iconographie Snyder. M. A., 2003, Catalogue ofthe Marine
des Coquilles Vivantes. Comprenant la collection gastropod family Fasciolariidae. Academy of
du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, la NaturalScience ofPhiladelphia, spécial
collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Masséna et publication 21: 1-431
les découvertes récentes des voyageurs. Genre Sowerby, G. B. II 1882. Monograph ofthe genus
Fuseau. Paris, Rousseau, 62 pp. Fasciolaria. In. Thésaurus Conchyliorum or
Kobelt, W. 1875. Tudiclaporphyrostomaund monographs ofgênera ofshells. V ( 1887, parts.
recurva. In: Kleinere Mittheilungen. 37-44), part 37-38, containing the gen. Latiaxis.
NachrichtsblattderDeutschen Fasciolaria. Haliotis. Sigaretus. Janthina (1882):
Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 7(7-8): 58. 9-15. pl.1-4 (Thésaurus 424-427). London.
Lamarck. J.B.P.A. de Monet de 1816. Tableau Sowerby.
encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de Thiele, J. 1931. Handbuch dersystematischen
la nature. 23, Mollusques et polypes divers. Paris. Weichtierkunde, 1. Stuttgart, Verlag Gustav
Pis. 391-488. (Plate descriptions by Bory de St.- Fischer, 778 pp
Vincent). Tryon, G. W. 1881. Manual ofConchology,
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet de 1843. Histoire structural and systematic. with illustrations ofthe
naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant species. 3, Tritonidae. Fusidae, Buccinidae.
les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces Philadelphia. Tryon, 310 pp.
animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs Vaught, K. C. 1989. A classification ofthe living
familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales Mollusca. American Malacologists. Inc. 195 pp.
espèces qui s'y rapportent. Ed.2 par Deshayes et
4~
k Frai ssi \ 1 be genus IferConrad, 1858
w ade, M 1916. New gênera and species of w <--n/. W. 1938-1944. Handbuch der Palàozoologie.
Gastropoda firom the l pper Cretaceus. Proceedings 6, Gastropoda. Berlin-Zehlendorf, Verlag von
q/"//ie \cademy oj SaturaiScienceofPhiladelphia, GebrûderBorntraeger, 1639pp.
68 455-471.
48