The Genres of Rhetorical Speeches in Greek and Roman Antiquity

636 Pages·2013·2.939 MB·English

by  Pepe, Cristina

The Genres of Rhetorical Speeches in
Greek and Roman Antiquity
International Studies in the
History of Rhetoric
Editors
Laurent Pernot, Executive Editor, Strasbourg, France
Craig Kallendorf, College Station, U.S.A.
Advisory Board
Bé Breij, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Rudong Chen, Perkin, China
Manfred Kraus, Tübingen, Germany
Gabriella Moretti, Trento, Italy
Luisa Angelica Puig Llano, Mexico City, Mexico
Christine Sutherland, Calgary, Canada
VoLUME 5
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/rhet
The Genres of Rhetorical Speeches
in Greek and Roman Antiquity
By
Cristina Pepe
LEIDEN • BoSToN
2013
The publication of this volume was made possible thanks to the generous support of
the Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
(Progetto RD09ABBAM).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pepe, Cristina.
 The genres of rhetorical speeches in Greek and Roman antiquity / by Cristina Pepe.
  pages cm. — (International Studies in the History of Rhetoric ; 5)
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-90-04-24984-4 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25884-6 (e-book)
1. Rhetoric, Ancient. 2. Literary form. I. Title.
 PA181.P47 2013
 808.00938—dc23
2013027834
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ISSN 1875-1148
ISBN 978-90-04-24984-4 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-25884-6 (e-book)
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CoNTENTS
Acknowledgements  ........................................................................................ xi
Abbreviations and other Conventions  .................................................... xiii
Introduction  ..................................................................................................... 1
PART oNE
SPEECH CLASSIFICATIoN IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURy BC
Chapter one The Practice of oratory in Classical Greece  ............. 9
1.1 Athenian Democracy and Public Speech Making  ................ 9
1.2 other Forms of Public Speeches in the 5th and
4th Century  ....................................................................................... 15
Chapter Two The Sophists and the Forms of λόγος  ......................... 21
2.1 Gorgias’ Encomium of Helen  ......................................................... 21
2.2 The origins of the Praise Speech  ............................................... 24
Chapter Three Thucydides. The Assembly and Democratic
Deliberation  ................................................................................................. 29
Chapter Four Plato  ..................................................................................... 37
4.1 Plato as “literary critic”: Poetic Genres and Forms  ............... 38
4.2 The Definition of Rhetoric in the Gorgias: The Audience
and oratorical Situations  .............................................................. 41
4.3 The New Rhetoric in the Phaedrus  ........................................... 44
4.4 The Division of Rhetoric in the Sophist  ................................... 51
4.5 Plato’s Conception of Advice and Praise  ................................. 56
Chapter Five Isocrates  ............................................................................... 61
5.1 Classifications of Discourses in Prose. Isocrates’ λόγοι  ....... 61
5.2 Isocrates’ Conception of Advice  ................................................. 67
5.3 Isocrates’ Conception of ἐπίδειξις ............................................... 71
5.4 Defining the Praise Speech  .......................................................... 74
vi contents
Chapter Six Demosthenes  ........................................................................ 79
Chapter Seven The Rhetoric to Alexander  ........................................... 85
7.1 Incipit and Structure of the Treatise  ........................................ 86
7.1.1 Προτροπή and ἀποτροπή  ................................................... 87
7.1.2 Ἐγκώμιον and ψόγος  .......................................................... 89
7.1.3 Ἀπολογία and κατηγορία  ................................................... 91
7.1.4 The ἐξεταστικὸν εἶδος  ......................................................... 92
7.1.4.1 Ἐξέτασις and ἐξετάζειν in the 5th and
4th Century BC  .................................................... 94
7.1.4.2 The ἐξέτασις in the Rhetoric to Alexander  ... 98
7.2 The Importance of γένη and εἴδη in the Rhetoric to
Alexander  ........................................................................................... 102
7.2.1 The Epideictic Genre  ........................................................ 103
7.2.2 The System of γένη  ............................................................ 112
7.3 The Rhetoric to Alexander and the Rhetoric of Aristotle  .... 118
PART TWo
THE SySTEM oF GENRES IN ARISToTLE’S RHETORIC
Chapter Eight Aristotle’s Rhetoric  .......................................................... 123
Chapter Nine The Concept of Genre in Aristotle  ............................. 127
9.1 The Genres of Poetry  ..................................................................... 128
Chapter Ten The Three Genres of Rhetoric: Definition and
Classification  ............................................................................................... 133
10.1 The Epideictic Genre  ..................................................................... 138
10.1.1 The Figures of θεωρός and κριτής  .................................. 138
10.1.2 Textual Authenticity (Rhetoric 1358b5–6) .................. 143
10.1.3 Introduction of the Third Genre  ................................... 144
10.1.4 The θεωρός as κριτής  .......................................................... 146
10.1.5 A Hearer for the Epideictic oratory: the θεωρός  ....... 152
10.1.6 The θεωρός and the Judgment on the δύναμις  ........... 156
10.2 The Deliberative Genre  ................................................................. 159
Chapter Eleven Characterizing the Genres: Principles and
Models  ........................................................................................................... 167
11.1 Communicative Functions of the Genres  ............................... 167
contents vii
11.2 The Ends of the Genres  ................................................................ 170
11.3 The Temporality  ............................................................................. 174
11.4 The Genres and Forms of Rhetorical Argumentation  ........ 180
11.5 The ἦθος and πάθος and their Relation with the Genres  ... 187
Chapter Twelve Genres and Topics  ...................................................... 191
12.1 The Deliberative Topics  ............................................................... 193
12.2 The Epideictic Topics  ................................................................... 196
12.3 The Judicial Topics  ........................................................................ 204
Chapter Thirteen The Style (λέξις) and Arrangement (τάξις)
of the Genres  ............................................................................................... 211
13.1 The Style  ........................................................................................... 211
13.2 Arrangement and Parts of the Speech  .................................... 222
13.2.1 Προοίμιον  ............................................................................. 223
13.2.2 Πρόθεσις  ............................................................................... 226
13.2.3 Διήγησις  ............................................................................... 227
13.2.4 Πίστις .................................................................................... 230
13.2.5 Ἐπίλογος  .............................................................................. 232
Chapter Fourteen Divisiones Aristoteleae  ............................................ 235
PART THREE
RHEToRICAL GENRES IN THE HELLENISTIC AND IMPERIAL AGES
Chapter Fifteen oratorical Practice  ...................................................... 243
15.1 The Hellenistic Age  ....................................................................... 243
15.2 oratory in Rome  ............................................................................. 244
15.3 The Life of Eloquence Under the Empire  .............................. 248
Chapter Sixteen The Success of the Aristotelian Classification  ... 257
16.1 The Sequence of Genres  .............................................................. 261
16.2 Terminology  ..................................................................................... 263
16.2.1 The Genre as Speech Class  ........................................... 263
16.2.2 The Vocabulary of the Three Genres  ......................... 266
16.2.2.1 Deliberative Genre  ........................................ 267
16.2.2.2 Judicial Genre  ................................................. 270
16.2.2.3 Epideictic Genre  ............................................. 271
viii contents
16.3 Identity of the Three Genres  ...................................................... 279
16.3.1 Genres and ἀκροαταί  ..................................................... 280
16.3.2 Criteria for Identifying Genres  ................................... 283
Chapter Seventeen The Debate on the Scheme’s Validity:
Problems and Solutions  ........................................................................... 291
17.1 The Three Genres as Subsets of More Comprehensive
Divisions  ........................................................................................... 291
17.1.1 Genres and ὑποθέσεις  .................................................... 291
17.1.2 Bipartition of Speeches  ................................................ 294
17.2 The Extension of Number of Genres  ....................................... 298
17.2.1 A Fourth Genre of Rhetoric  ........................................ 299
17.2.1.1 The ἐντευκτικὸν γένος  .................................... 299
17.2.1.2 The ὁμιλητικὸν γένος  ...................................... 301
17.2.1.3 The ἱστορικὸν γένος  ........................................ 303
17.2.1.4 The ἀντίρρησις  ................................................. 317
17.2.2 Towards a Proliferation of Genres  ............................ 320
17.3 The Three Genres and Their Internal Divisions  .................. 323
17.3.1 The Epideictic Species  .................................................. 326
17.3.2 Principles of Codification and Classification of
the Genres: Panegyrical and Ambassadorial
Speeches  ............................................................................ 329
Chapter Eighteen The Theory of Genres in the Rhetorical
System  ........................................................................................................... 337
18.1 Inventio, Dispositio, Elocutio  ........................................................ 340
18.2 Inventio: The Topics  ...................................................................... 340
18.2.1 The τελικὰ κεφάλαια  ...................................................... 344
18.2.2 Prosopographical and Epideictic Topics  ................. 345
18.2.3 Stasis Theory and the Three Genres  ........................ 346
18.2.4 Effects and Significance of the Connection
between Lists of Topics  ................................................ 350
18.3 From Inventio to Dispositio: The order of the Topics  ........ 350
18.4 Dispositio  .......................................................................................... 351
18.5 Elocutio  .............................................................................................. 355
Chapter Nineteen Classifying, Describing, Interpreting
Speeches  ....................................................................................................... 363
19.1 The Mixture of Genres  ................................................................. 368
contents ix
Chapter Twenty Rhetorical Genres and Pedagogical Practices  ...... 375
20.1 The Preparatory Exercises  .......................................................... 375
20.2 Declamation  .................................................................................... 378
Conclusion  ........................................................................................................ 385
Testimonia  ......................................................................................................... 393
Appendix. Speech Genres in Contemporary Rhetorical Theory  ...... 519
Bibliography  ..................................................................................................... 543
Index of Greek and Latin Terms  ................................................................ 573
Index Locorum  ................................................................................................ 581
General Index  ................................................................................................... 605