GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth This Page Intentionally Left Blank GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth VO L U M E 1 A - C Kristine Krapp, Editor GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth VO L U M E 2 D-H Kristine Krapp, Editor GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth VO L U M E 3 I-O Kristine Krapp, Editor GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth VO L U M E 4 P-S Kristine Krapp, Editor GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of N ursing & A H llied ealth VO L U M E 5 T- Z Appendix General Index Kristine Krapp, Editor The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice. of NURSING AND While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the infor- ALLIED HEALTH mation presented in this publication, the Gale Group neither guarantees the accuracy of the data contained herein nor assumes any responsibil- ity for errors, omissions or discrepancies. The Gale Group accepts no payment for listing, and inclusion in the publication of any organiza- tion, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not STAFF imply endorsement of the editor or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publish- Kristine Krapp, Coordinating Senior Editor er will be corrected in future editions. Christine B. Jeryan, Managing Editor This book is printed on recycled paper that meets Environmental Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Associate Editor (Manuscript Protection Agency standards. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of Coordination) American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence Melissa C. McDade, Associate Editor (Photos and Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Illustrations) This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable Stacey L. Blachford, Associate Editor copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair Kate Kretschmann, Assistant Editor competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editor of Donna Olendorf, Senior Editor this work have added value to the underlying factual material Ryan Thomason, Assistant Editor herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selec- tion, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. Mark Springer, Technical Specialist Gale Group and design is a trademark used herein under license. All Andrea Lopeman, Programmer/Analyst rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright ©2002 Barbara Yarrow, Manager, Gale Group Imaging and Multimedia Content 27500 Drake Road Robyn V. Young, Project Manager, Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Imaging and Multimedia Content All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in Randy Bassett, Imaging Supervisor part in any form. Dan Newell, Imaging Specialist ISBN0-7876-4934-1 (set) 0-7876-4937-6 (Vol. 3) Pamela A. Reed, Coordinator, 0-7876-4935-X (Vol. 1) 0-7876-4938-4 (Vol. 4) Imaging and Multimedia Content 0-7876-4936-8 (Vol. 2) 0-7876-4939-2 (Vol. 5) Printed in Canada Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Margaret A. Chamberlain, Permissions Specialist Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Gale encyclopedia of nursing and allied health / Kristine Kenn Zorn, Product Manager Krapp, editor. p. cm. Michelle DiMercurio, Senior Art Director Includes bibliographical references and index. Cynthia Baldwin, Senior Art Director ISBN0-7876-4934-1 (set : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN0-7876-4935-X (v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISBN0-7876-4936-8 (v.2 : alk. paper) — Mary Beth Trimper, Manager, Composition, and ISBN0-7876-4937-6 (v. 3 : alk. paper) — Electronic Prepress ISBN0-7876-4938-4 (v. 4 : alk. paper) — Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition ISBN0-7876-4939-2 (v. 5 : alk. paper) Purchasing, and Electronic Prepress 1. Nursing Care—Encyclopedias—English. 2. Allied Health Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Personnel—Encyclopedias—English. 3. Nursing—Encyclopedias—English. WY13 G151 2002] RT21 .G353 2002 Indexing provided by Synapse, the Knowledge Link 610.73'03—dc21 Corporation. 2001040910 CONTENTS Introduction vii .................................................... Advisory Board ix ............................................... Contributors xi .................................................... Entries Volume 1:A-C..............................................1 Volume 2:D-H..........................................641 Volume 3:I-O.........................................1237 Volume 4:P-S.........................................1797 Volume 5:T-Z.........................................2383 Appendix of Nursing and Allied Health Organizations 2663 ......................................... General Index 2669 ............................................. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH V
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