THE FUTURE OF SMART pARking iS ALREADY HERE

20 Pages·2017·1.92 MB·English

THE FUTURE OF
SMART pARking
iS ALREADY HERE
WHITE PAPER · November 2017

1
COngESTED
CiTY CEnTRES
S
E
R
T
N
E
C

Y
T
I
C

D
E
T
S
E With traffic in urban areas constant-
G
N ly on the increase, city centre par-
O
king faces numerous, sometimes
C
conflicting, challenges:
improve access to local businesses encourage people who work in the city
to encourage people to use them centre to use park-and-ride schemes,
rather than out-of-town retail parks,
make the city centre more promote non-motorized traffic.
attractive for residents,
WhIl E ThE NumbER Of vEhICl ES IN TOWNS
aND CITIES IS CONSTaNTlY INCREaSING,
ThE NumbER Of PaRkING SPaCES REma INS
RESTRICTED bY laCk Of avaIlablE SP aCE.
In the 1960s, local authorities started to
introduce parking rules to encourage vehicle
turnover. Parking times were restricted and
enforceable by fines to encourage motorists
to free up their space, enabling more people
to access the city centre. Then came the
introduction of paid parking with the installation
of parking meters.
Today, the imbalance between the supply of
parking and demand from users is making city
centres difficult to access. Motorists circling
round in search of a space add to the existing
traffic which in turn increases CO emissions
2
and congestion. Paid, time-limited parking is
no longer an adequate solution.
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SmaRT PaRkING maNaGEmENT INvOlvES
uSING INNOvaTIvE TEChNO lOGIES TO REl IEvE
TRaffIC CONGESTION IN Th E CITY CENTRE.
A FEW FigURES
10
of parking
in 2 is actually paid for[1]
minutes
to find a space
= 1,3 kg of CO [2]
2
30
of traffic
is generated
by motorists
looking for a space[2]
[1] Study conducted by the Canton of Geneva in Switzerland
[2] Study by APCOA Parking in Germany
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OFF-STREET
VS On-STREET
pARking
Off-STREET PaRkING ON-STREET PaRkING
refers to underground and other refers to parking spaces on the
car parks with access controlled street. It is mainly paid for via
by entry and exit barriers. They are meters, subscription or smartphone
more accessible but more expensive but is sometimes free for a limited
to use. The cost of investment is time by displaying a parking disc.
between €35,000 and €50,000 Despite the large number of spaces,
per space, plus operating costs. on-street parking is currently
inadequate but needs to be optimised
as an on-street parking space
costs less than €1,000 a year.
66
2
nEW
TECHnOLOgiES FOR
On-STREET pARking
The new technologies used gather thousands of items of data in real time
which relates to parking and, more specifically, the use of parking by motorists.
S
E
I This information is analysed, provided to the various stakeholders (motorists
G
O and management authorities) and cross-referenced with other similar data
l
O such as parking tickets.
N
h
This approach offers 4 new use cases for improving understanding of the cur-
C
E rent parking system and improving its efficiency in order to enhance quality of
T

W
life for residents and visitors.
E
N
USE CASE
n°1
On-STREET
pARking
MOniTORing
Before they can optimise the current parking
management system, councils need to unders-
tand it. To do this, they use indicators such as
turnover rate, occupancy rate, average parking
time and payment compliance rate.
This data is currently collected manually
every 2 or 3 years in certain time periods and
areas.
Although this methodology can provide a By collecting occupancy data in
general analysis of changes in parking beha- real time, the council can conti-
viour, the low frequency at which data is col- nuously study parking beha-
lected makes the decision-making process viour and gain a better unders-
and therefore regulatory changes very slow. tanding of it. « What if? » - type
predictive analyses (« what if we
increase the charge by xx pence?»)
can thus be made based on this
data.
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pARking inDiCATORS
TuRNOvER RaTE avERaGE PaRkING TImE
Average number of vehicles using the Average time each vehicle spends
same space over a specific period. in a paid parking space.
OCCuPaNCY RaTE PaYmENT COmPlIaNCE RaTE
Ratio between the number of Ratio between the number of vehicles
parked vehicles and capacity. parked legally and the number of
vehicles parked in paid spaces.
The real-time display of the number of unoccupied spaces on town informa-
tion boards is very useful for motorists looking for somewhere to park. It enables
USE CASE them to reduce the time looking for a space and optimise their journey.
The system is in common use for off-street parking and is becoming a possibi-
n°2 lity for on-street parking. The occupancy rate in each street or area is dynami-
cally displayed thus improving traffic flow.
This occupancy data can be displayed either on dynamic signs or directly on
UnOCCUpiED SpACE
motorists’ smartphones. As vehicles become more connected over the co-
ming years, this information will be available directly on the dashboard.
AVAiLABiLiTY
inFORMATiOn
pROViDED TO USERS
WAYS OF COMMUniCATing
inFORMATiOn FOR MOTORiSTS
DYNamIC SIGNS better is when they are built into
are located in the city centre or on vehicles with CarPlay and android
incoming roads. These dynamic auto systems. Parking-related
and illuminated signs provide a apps are becoming increasingly
real-time display of the number of user friendly for drivers.
available spaces on paid public car
IN-CaR GPS
parks and on the street by area.
is also an effective way of
SmaRTPhONES communicating information as it
which are close to hand for many can easily use guidance options.
motorists, are a direct way of
transmitting information relating
to available on-street parking.
Once an area is targeted, the user
can be guided to its location. Even
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S
E
I
G USE CASE
O
l
O n°3
N
h
C
EnFORCEMEnT
E
T

W OpTiMiSATiOn
E
N
The highest management cost in an on-street The EPA (European Parking Association) re-
parking system is the cost of enforcement, commends « strictly enforcing on-street parking
which needs to be compared with income. It is policies » in its “Urban parking policy guide »[3].
also one of the main components of effective Meanwhile, the CERTU (French centre for the
parking management. Indeed, the more ef- study of urban planning, transport and public
fective enforcement is, the more motorists facilities) states that blue-zone parking (for a li-
comply with the parking policy, which leads mited time displaying a parking disc) « requires
to a higher turnover rate and lower occupancy effective monitoring in order to work [4] ».
rate.
By cross-referencing occupancy information
with payment data in real time, the areas and
time periods in which violations are more
frequent can be identified. In this way, the en-
forcement officer can work more efficiently, in
turn increasing the payment compliance rate in
the area concerned.
AUTOMATED
MOniTORing
vIRTual TICkET DETECTION SENSORS
The introduction of a virtual ticket, Vehicle-detection sensors
as opposed to a paper ticket, record arrival and departure
requires all registration plates to be times to identify whether parking
monitored. Automatic identification time limits are observed.
enables the monitoring equipment
to identify in real time whether SCaN CaRS
adequate payment has been made. Scan cars are vehicles equipped
with several cameras for reading the
registration plates of vehicles parked in
paid areas. These are compared with
current parking authorisation data and
then sent to enforcement officers.
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