The Future of Political Islam PDF
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THE FUTURE OF POLITICAL ISLAM This page intentionally left blank THE FUTURE OF POLITICAL ISLAM G E. F RAHAM ULLER THEFUTUREOFPOLITICALISLAM Copyright © Graham E. Fuller, 2003. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in hardcover in 2004 by Palgrave Macmillan First PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ paperback edition: May 2004 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-4039-6556-1 ISBN 978-1-4039-7860-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403978608 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Letra Libre. First PALGRAVE MACMILLAN paperback edition: May 2004 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication I dedicate this book with my love to my wife Prue, who has shared so many years with me in the Muslim world, raising our children Samantha, Melissa and Luke there, partaking in Muslim culture and life in the company of our many Muslim friends. May the Muslim world find its way. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Dedication v Preface ix Introduction xi 1. The Anguish of Islamic History 1 2. The Uses of Political Islam: Islamism in Action 13 3. Islamist Polarities 47 4. Islamism and Global Geopolitics 67 5. Islam and Terrorism 83 6. Islamism in Power: Iran, Sudan, and Afghanistan 97 7. Islamism in Politics 119 8. Islamism and the West 145 9. The Impact of Global Forces on Political Islam 167 10. The Future of Political Islam: Its Dilemmas and Options 193 Notes 215 Index 221 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE This book is the product of long years of living in the Muslim world, watching and thinking about the phenomenon of political Islam. I have been in- fluenced by countless people and writings over the years, a great deal of them en- tirely assimilated to the point where the original sources are no longer within recall. I have taken the liberty not to attach a bibliography since there are so many books that have profoundly influenced my thinking over the years that I would not know where to begin listing them or how to limit the size of that list. Researching and writing the book has been an intellectual odyssey as well, since my views have been under constant evolution as they shift and take on new refinements and as the multiple aspects of political Islam continue to reveal them- selves in more complex ways. Indeed, on a topic as complex as the place of polit- ical Islam in world politics, my thinking continues to evolve, but the book has to be completed, even though my own views will continue to evolve even after its publication. I cannot begin to list all the people to whom I owe thanks and inspiration in granting me one or more interviews or for sharing their ideas, thoughts, and cor- rectives with me over many years—a large number of whom I count as good friends as well. A partial list would include Imaduddin Ahmad, Qazi Hussain Ahmad, Mumtaz Ahmad, Akbar Ahmed, Fouad Ajami, Taha Jabir al-Alwani, Jon Anderson, Munawar Anees, Ali Aslan, Nik Aziz, Peter Bechtold, Akif Beki, Jonah Blank, Ali Bulac, Dick Bulliet, Francois Burgat, Rusen Cakir, Cengiz Candar, Louis Cantori, Ray Close, Juan Cole, Richard Dekmejian, Charles Dunbar, Michael Collins Dunn, Abdel Malik Eagle, Abdelwahhab al-Efendi, Dale Eickel- man, John Entelis, John Esposito, Muhammad Fadlallah, Mamoun Fandy, Sa’d al- Faqih, Anisa Abd el-Fattah, Rend Rahim Francke, Greg Gause, Ashraf Ghani, Rashid al-Ghannushi, Nilüfer Göle, Fethullah Gülen, Fred Halliday, Mohamed Elhachmi Hamdi, Michael Hudson, Shirin Hunter, Rifaat Hussein, Hassan Ibrahim, Paul Jabber, Mansoor al-Jamri, Tarik Jan, George Joffe, Nadeem Kazmi, Musa Keilani, Geoff Kemp, Nat Kern, Muqtedar Khan, Yusif al-Khoei, Rami Khouri, Judith Kipper, Fehmi Koru, Martin Kramer, Charles Kurzman, Laith Kubba, Ian Lesser, Remy Leveau, Serif Mardin, Salam al-Mariati, Phebe Marr, Hisham Milhem, Roy Mottahedeh, Chandra Muzaffar, Basheer Nafi, Ghanim
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