The Future of Muon Physics: Proceedings of the International Symposium on The Future of Muon Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany, 7–9 May, 1991

312 Pages·1992·16.914 MB·English

by  K. Jungmann, V. W. Hughes, G. zu Putlitz (auth.), Dr. Klaus Jungmann, Professor Dr. Vernon W. Hughes, Professor Dr. Gisbert zu Putlitz (eds.)

The Future of Muon Physics
K. Jungmann V. W Hughes G. zu Putlitz
(Eds.)
The Future
of Muon Physics
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
The Future of Muon Physics,
Ruprecht- Karls-U niversitat Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany,
7-9 May, 1991
With 266 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Dr. Klaus Jungmann
Physikalisches Institut, Universitiit Heidelberg
Philosophenweg 12, W-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
Professor Dr. Vernon W. Hughes
Physics Department, Yale University
New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Professor Dr. Gisbert zu Putlitz
Physikalisches Institut, Universitiit Heidelberg
Philosophenweg 12, W-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
ve
Cover figure shows the Feynman diagram of the muon decay 11 -+ ev" +
in the standard model of the weak theory
This book originally appeared as a supplement to Vol. 56, 1992, of the journal
Zeitschrift fUr Physik C - Particles and Fields ISSN 0170-9739
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992
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001: 10.1007/978-3-642-77960-2
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Contents
K Jungmann, V. W. Hughes, G. Zu Putlitz:
Preface......................................................................... 1
L. Chattetjee:
Our favourite - the muon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
G. zu Putlitz:
Opening of the Symposium "The Future of Muon Physics", May 7-9,1991,
Ruprecht-Karls-UniversWit Heidelberg........................................ 3
E Scheck:
Muon physics - survey ........................................................ 5
D. R. Yennie:
Two-body QED bound states.................................................. 13
J. Bernabeu:
Electro-weak interaction in muonic atoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
L. Chattetjee:
Some open problems in muon physics ........................................ 31
V. W. Hughes:
Muonium ...................................................................... 35
G. M. Marshall, J. M. Bailey, G. A. Beer, J. L. Beveridge, 1. H. Brewer, B. M. Forster,
W. N. Hardy, T. M. Huber, R. Jacot-Guillarmod, P. Kammel, P. E. Knowles,
A. R. Kunselman, G. R. Mason, A. Olin, C. Petiljean, J. Zmeskal:
Reactions of muonic hydrogen isotopes ....................................... 44
L. A. Schaller:
Muonic atom spectroscopy .................................................... 48
KJungmann:
Laser spectroscopy of muonic atoms .......................................... 59
V. P. Chebotayev:
Time-Fourier spectroscopy of muonium ...................................... 70
L. Bracci, A. Vacchi, E. Zavattini:
Laser induced transition 3D-3P in muonic helium ............................ 74
T. Kinoshita:
Muon g-2: theory .............................................................. 80
E J.M.Farley:
The CERN (g-2) measurements ............................................... 88
W. Bernreuther:
The electric dipole moment of the muon...................................... 97
B. L. Roberts:
The new muon (g-2) experiment at Brookhaven ............................... 101
W. Fetscher:
Muon decay ................................................................... 109
VI
M. Daum, Ro Frosch, Do Herter, Mo Janousch, P.-Ro Kettle:
Measurements of the muon-neutrino mass
000000000000000000000000000000000000 114
Ro N. Mohapatra:
Rare muon decays and physics beyond the standard model
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117
P. Herczeg:
The neutrinos in muon decay
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129
Ho-K. Walter, K. Jungmann:
Rare decays: experiment
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 135
1 Deutsch:
The future of muon physics: nuclear muon capture
000000000000000000000000000 143
P. Ao Souder:
Laser polarized muonic atoms
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 146
W. Berti, S. Ahmad, Do So Armstrong, Go Azuelos, Mo Blecher, C. Qo Chen,
P. Depommier, P. Gumplinger, T P. Gorringe, Mo Do Hasinoff, Ro Henderson,
Go Jonkmans, Ao L. Larabee, I Ao Macdonald, S. C. McDonald, I-M. Poutissou,
Ro Poutissou, Bo C. Robertson, Do Go Sample, W. Schott, Go N. Taylor, T von Egidy,
Do H. Wright, N. So Zhang:
Radiative muon capture on hydrogen
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 150
Mo Morita, Ro Morita:
Muon capture in hyperfine states of muonic deuterium and induced
pseudoscalar form factor
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000 156
Do F. Geesaman:
Photon-hadron interactions revisited in deep inelastic muon scattering
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 159
Ro Voss:
Deep inelastic scattering of polarized muons
0000000000000000000000000000000000 169
Ao Schafer:
Attempts to understand gj(x) and gix)
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 179
DoH. White:
Medium energy neutrino physics
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 186
AoK.Mann:
The future of neutrino physics
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 194
M.Leon:
Muon-catalyzed fusion theory
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 203
M. P. Faijman, L. 10 Ponomarev:
Resonant formation of dtfl mesic molecules in the triple
H2 + D2 + T2 mixture
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0000210
K. Nagamine:
Muon science research with pulsed muons at UT-MSLlKEK
00000000000000000215
C. Pillai:
Existing muon beams at LAMPF
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223
Go M. Marshall:
Muon beams and facilities at TRIUMF
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 226
VII
G. H. Eaton:
The ISIS pulsed muon facility ................................................. 232
R. Abela, E Foroughi, D. Renker:
Muon beams at PSI ............................................................ 240
E. Morenzoni:
Very slow positive muons ..................................................... 243
D. Taqqu:
Phase space compression of low energy muon beams ......................... 250
D.H. White:
A pulsed lepton source at LAMPF ............................................ 255
J L. Beveridge:
Kicked surface muon beams ................................................... 258
A.Schenck:
Recent applications of ,u+SR in magnetism: novel magnetic features in
heavy electron compounds .................................................... 261
J Major, A. Seeger, T. Stammler:
Muons and pions as probes in condensed matter .............................. 269
H.Schneuwly:
Ephemeral and/or coloured muonic hydrogen atoms ......................... 280
H. A. Thiessen, D. H. White:
PILAC: a pion linac facility for 1-Ge V pion physics at LAMPF ............... 285
H.-K. Walter:
Accelerator plans at PSI ....................................................... 289
J L. Beveridge:
Accelerator plans at TRIUMF ................................................. 292
K. Ishida, K. Nagamine:
Muon facility plans towards JHP .............................................. 296
V. W Hughes:
Conference summary .......................................................... 301
Index of contributors ............................................................. 307
Preface
This volume comprises a collection of invited papers presented at the interna
tional symposium "The Future of Muon Physics", May 7-9 1991, at the Ruprecht
Karls-Universitat in Heidelberg. In the inspiring atmosphere of the Internationales
Wissenschaftsforum researchers working worldwide at universities and at many inter
national accelerator centers came together to review the present status of the field
and to discuss the future directions in muon physics.
The muon, charged lepton of the second generation, was first oberved some sixty
years ago~ Despite many efforts since, the reason for its existence still remains a
secret to the scientific community challenging both theorists and experimentalists. In
modern physics the muon plays a key role in many topics of research.
Atomic physics with negative muons provides excellent tests of the theory of
quantum electrodynamics and of the electro-weak interaction and probes nuclear
properties. The. purely leptonic hydrogen-like muonium atom allows tests of fun
damental laws in physics and the determination of precise values for fundamental
constants. New measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon will
probe the renormalizability of the weak interaction and will be sensitive to physics
beyond the standard model. The muon decay is the most carefully studied weak
process. Searches for rare decay modes of muons and for the conversion of muonium
to antimuonium examine the lepton number conservation laws and new speculative
theories. Nuclear muon capture addresses fundamental questions like tests of the
CPT theorem. Deep inelastic scattering of muons h?-s enlarged our understanding
of the spin structure of the proton. The wide field of neutrin'o physics is intimately
related to muon physics in many repects. Muon catalyzed fusion research is of interest
for molecular physics and for future power plants. The growing international p.SR
community utilizes the muon advantageously as a probe for condensed matter.
At many accelerator centers plans for upgrading existing facilities or for construct
ing new machines have been developed (KEK, LAMPF, PSI, RAL, TRIUMF). Muon
physics will greatly benefit from higher muon fluxes, from intense pulsed sources, from
the new techniques for producing slow muons and from many other improvements in
the muon beam lines.
In view of the short notice at which the participants could be invited to this
meeting and in view of the tight beam time schedules at the accelerators for many of
our colleagues we have extended the deadline for this proceedings volume in favour
of a more complete overview of the field. The relevance has not suffered in the year
since the conference took place, in particular since some authors have included new
results and developments in their contributions.
The organization and the local arrangements of the meeting were in the hands
of staff members of the IWF and members of the Physics Institute of the university.
A. Binding and F. Holzwarth of Springer-Verlag have prepared the 'lEX macros for
the layout of the articles in the style of Zeitschrift fur Physik C. S. Messner-Eberle
and M. Zinser helped many of the authors in bringing their papers into the final
format. Financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
the State of Baden-Wiirttemberg, the University of Heidelberg, Balzers Hochvakuum
GmbH, Coherent GmbH, and IBM Germany. We are very grateful to all of them.
August 1992 K. Jungmann
V.W. Hughes
G. zu Putlitz
Our Favourite - the MUON
Known from a long time,
A lepton of import prime,
Gifted with charge states two,
Its own lepton flavour too,
Born of the charged parent pion,
Its our enigmatic favourite - the busy MUON.
It fleets through its microsecond life,
It streaks through space and time -
Flitting from atom to atom,
Indulging pleasures exotic form,
Its story in matter when told
Makes history exciting and bold.
An incisive electromagnetic nuclear probe,
It can make a fusion trove.
Changing roles with its neutral ghost,
Weak death is however sadly forced.
Oh that Nature were generous more
With her treasure of muons for us to store -
Borrowing from Grays' Elegy,
The Muon inspires its eulogy:
"Full many a muon is born to die unseen,
And waste its flavour in the barren air -
Yet so many more in their brief lifetime
Do fuse their hosts - so bles't they were".
Lali Chatterjee
z. Phys. C - Particles and Fields 56, S3-S4 (1992) Particles
Zeitschrlft
fOr Physik C
andFISIds
© Springer-Verlag 1992
Opening of the Symposium
"The Future of Muon Physics"
May 7-9, 1991
Ruprecht-Karls-U niversitat Heidelberg
Gisbert zu Putlitz
Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 6900 Heidelberg, Germany
17-August-1992
sic properties of what became later known as the muon
were spelled out: Unit charge, mass between electron
Dear colleagues, ladies and gentlemen! and proton, short lifetime.
The different steps and concepts in the discovery of
Ne arly sixty years ago an elementary particle made the muon have been described in the literature [3-5].
its first appearance not far from here in the old Hanse The hope that the new species was the predicted meson
town of Rostock at the Baltic Sea. Today, six decades by Yukawa [6] collapsed soon after no strong interac
later we have come together here to discuss the nature tion could bee seen. The uniqueness of this particle was
of this particle still not fully understood, to envisage unvealed step by step: No strong interaction, two kinds
further steps to unveal its properties, and to enlarge its with opposite charges, a rather long lifetime of p,sec,
merit as a unique tool both in fundamental and applied properties like an electron except for the much larger
physics. Indeed, the persistance of this particle to resist mass, the same coupling constant for p, decay, p, cap
its complete insight and understanding despite the en ture, and for the nuclear f3 decay - all these observations
during efforts of generations of most talented physicists raised questions rather than giving answers to the real
is kind of unique in modern science. nature of its existence. Comments of famous physicists
relating to this situation are well known [3-5]: On the
Let me remind you at the beginning of this sympo
discovery: LL Rabi "Who ordered that?" and later M.
sium on "The Future of Muon Physics" of some of the
Gell-Mann and Rosenbaum: "The muon was the un
most important steps in the discovery of this particle.
welcome baby on the doorsteps, signifying the end of
Paul Kunze in Rostock took pictures of the socalled
the days of innocence." Fermi commented at the 1950
"Ultrastrahlung" in a Wilson chamber [1] and observed
Silliman lecture at Yale University with respect to the
in one of the pictures taken (Fig.1) an electron and "a
equality of coupling constants in electronic and muonic
considerably stronger ionizing positive particle of smaller
reactions, that this "is not an accident but has some
curvature". He comments "The nature of this particle is
deep meaning not understood".
unknown. It ionizes too little for a proton but too much
for an electron". Kunze attributes the trace to some A major step forwards in muon research was the copi
thing originating from a nuclear explosion and misses ous production of muons by accelerators after 1957, led
to claim the discovery of a new elementary particle. - by the Nevis Columbia Cyclotron and the CERN-SC.
Only three years later Seth H. Neddermeyer and Carl D. In 1957 the asymmetric decay of muons was discov
Anderson of the Californian Institute of Technology in ered by Garwin, Ledermann, Weinrich, Friedman and
Pasadena carried out measurements of the energy loss of Telegdi [6-7], the prerequisite of many current applica
particles occurring in cosmic ray showers in heavy mate tions of muons in nuclear, atomic and solid state physics,
rial like platinum [2]. They observed a group of particles in chemistry and metrology. The anomalous g-factor of
penetrating the absorber much stronger than electrons both p,+ and p,- were measured by Picasso, Farley and
and concluded from their observations "that there exist collaborators [8] with unprecedented precision and muo
particles of unit charge, but with a mass larger than that nium, the lighter leptonic brother of the H-atom was
of a normal free electron and much smaller than that of synthesized by Hughes and coworkers [9] from Yale. In
a proton". Since there is no evidence for the existence the high energy domain p, scattering confirmed its elec
of such particles in ordinary matter, they suggested "it tron like nature today referred to as p,-e universality of
seems likely that there must exist some very effective the muon. But still, after six decades of intense research,
process for removing them". At this point the most ba- after unification of the electromagnetic and weak inter-
4
vided in these days: Accelerators are available or under
construction with very high fluxes of muons, excellent
luminosity, best beam quality, and very short pulses of
muons if desired. In addition greatly improved methods
for the detection of muons and their decay particles be
came accessible as a spin-off from the field of particle
physics. As a consequence muon physics is a field with
many opportunities to be exploited, even today.
• Let us discuss in our symposium how we should
progress in this field, how we can strengthen our efforts
through international collaboration, how we can develop
the best instruments, and most important of all, how
we can get the incoming young researchers to share our
enthusiasm for muon physics.
References
Fig. 1. The first observed muon by Paul Kunze in Rostock [1]:
"Double track as a result of a probable nuclear explosion. Lower
1 Kunze, P., Z. Phys. 83, (1933) 1
track: electron of 37 000 000 V. The nature of the upper positive
2 Neddermeyer, S.H., Anderson, C.D., Phys. Rev. 51, (1937) 884
particle is unknown."
3 Wu, C.S. and Hughes, V.W., in: Muon Physics, Hughes, V.W
and Wu, C.S. (eds.), Academic Press New York (1977)
4 Scheck, F., Phys. Reports 44, (1978) 187
action most important for muons, after the discovery of 5 Gerber, H.-J., in: Proceedings of the International Europhysics
the T, a third kind of lepton, the question of their exis Conference on High Energy Physics, July 1987.
tence, their mass difference, their point like nature and 6 Garwin, R.L., Ledermann, L.M., Weinrich, W., Phys. Rev. lOS,
their magnetism, their conservation laws for quantum (1957) 1415
numbers, the different nature of their decay neutrinos 7 Friedman, J., Telegdi, V.L., Phys. Rev. lOS, (1957) 1681
8 Bailey, J., et a1., Nuc1.Phys. B150 (1979) 1
and many other properties remain open.
9 Hughes, V.W., et a1., Phys.Rev.Lett. 5 (1960) 63
In view of the many open questions summarized
above there is no doubt that muon physics has its fu
ture. Many prerequisites for more progress in this field
have been changed for the better. The standard model
provides much more insight in the interaction of parti This article was processed using Springer-Verlag 'lEX Z .Physik C
cles and their fields. Hence much better questions can macro package 1991
and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical So
be asked with respect to the muon. On the experimental
ciety.
side much more powerful tools and methods are pro-