The Future is an Ancient Lake Traditional Knowledge, Biodiversity and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Lake Chad Basin Ecosystems

2004·24.8 MB·English

by  Caterina Batello

SAN
ANCIENT
Traditionalknowledge,
biodivmityand
geneticresourcesfor LAKE
foodandagiiculturein
LakeChadBasinecosystems
FWBAOOIRIKONITLNIRGOOtG6PIAIIRT0CMUEPANTOLANL
DIVERSITY
rORFOODANOAtRICULTURt
Copyrightedmaterial
TheuniquenessolLakeChadBasinecosystems
derivesmainlyfromthelocationofthelake.
Nowhereelseintheworldissuchalarge
freshwaterreservoirfoundsofarfromseasand
oceansandinsuchahotandaridclimate.
Thelakehasalwaysbeenapointofattractionfor
humans,animalsandplants,allofwhichhavehad
tolearnhowtoliveinbalancewithafragile
environmentthatischangingovertimeinresponse
tobothslowandfastvariables.
Thisbooksuggeststhatadisappearingtraditional
practiceoffoodproductionfromwildgrassescalled
krebhasmanyhopesforthefutureifsupportedby
appropriatedscienceandpolicies.Thesameistrue
ofdihe,thealgaharvestedlocallybyKanembu
Kadjidiwomen.
Thefaintbordersofagricultureandthenarrow
distinctionbetweencultivatedandcollected
vegetablesarediscussedinthebook.Theroleof
farmersinmaintaininglocalcerealvarietiesandthe
waytheyuseallavailableresources,suchas
Calotropis,withimaginationandexperience,arealso
described.Fisheriesaredominatedbytraditional
managementsystems,andtherelationshipbetween
economics,livelihoodimpactandpovertyisshown.
Traditionalpoldersandintegratedpastoral,fishery
andcroppingsystemsareexamplesofthewiseuse
ofwateranditsfluctuations.
Itistheauthors'beliefthatlocalpeopleshould
bemadetofeelproudofthetraditionalpractices
onwhichtheirproductionsystemsarefounded.
Onceadaptedtochangingneedsorcombined
withnewtechnologies,manyofthesepractices
willcontinuetoservetheminthefuture.
Recognitionandrewardshouldbegiventolocal
communitieswhoconservebiodiversitythrough
observation,selectionandmanagement.

THE
FUTURE
ISAM
ANCIENT
LAKE
Traditionalknoioledge,
biodiversityand
j
geneticresourcesfor
j
foodandagriculturein
LakeChadBasinecosystems
CaUrinaBattllo
HarxloManot
AdamouHarounaTeure
!
Thedesigna"on:-emcloycdandthepre'_.i"'li;tr.;"ri'Ih>'ir.irirMlin
thisinlormaiionproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinion
wkMMVtrenthtiMrtofIfctFoodandAgrieultureOrgonimionof
theUnitedNationsconcerning(helegalordevelopmentstatusof
anycountry,territory,cityorareaorofit*authoritiesor
coflciniingUrndtUmlttlien«fitsIronlionorboandtrtoK.
ISBN92-5105064-3
Allrightsracamd.ReproductionanddtatomlnaltanofmalarialIniMs
Intannalloaproductforeducationalorothernon-commerciatpurposes«re
aulhoriztdwithoutanypriorwrittenpernusMonfromtitecopyrlgfitholders
providedthesourceisfullyKhnowtidgid.RapnNhiclion«fmaterial<nthis
mfwmaiionproductforresaleoroMiercommercialpwvooesisproliibiied
turithoulwrittenpermission«fthecopyrightholders.Applicationstorsuch
pcrmrj:,ici-i'jhogldtfaddressed!a Ctiicf.Publi-iliinqMon.tqfment
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1MbpublicaliMianHioaaofthaauMiaria)anddonolnaeasaarHyroHsct
lhaviawiolthahadandAgrtcidturaOrgantaaUonoflhaUnlladNallant.
CONTENTS
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BIBLIOGBAPHY 211
t.lKlft[-:K,Oi:lllll-^TBaTinS-. JUL
c-tI.....r---ir-pr;.p
CalerinaBatello,MarzioHarzot,AdamouHarounaToure
CalerinaBatello
MarzioMarzot
PletroBartoleschi
0.PUnch«n«uUlch.apt?r31.
A.E.Neiland.C.BeneT.Jolley.B.M.B.Ladu.S.Ovie.0.Suta.M.Baba.E.Belal.F.Tiotsop.
K.MIndjimba.L.Dara.A.Zakara.J.Ouensiere(chapter71.
P.Stholt*.W.C.Hulli4.(chapter8)
PiirtulgiAgnaUi.AleuandroBozzinl.MarinaCarcea,BaboFadlallah.S.6onn«.AllHa»ab-Alk*rlm,
MaiInoussaMaiManga.AttilioLovalo.JadkareemMadibo.BernardMalhieu.VanNguuNguyen.
EnricoNoti.N.Parrot,NikolautSchartika.MaghoubZaroug
MarzioManotandAdamouHarounaTeuri
duringIheirvisitstoth<Lal<eChadBasjnmOc1ob«r2001andFebruary.MarchandDecember2002
OlivierBefTieyAGLW.TimBostockFPL,RicardoCantetUnoAGAP.HelenaGomez-MacPhersonA6PC.
StephenReynoldsAGPCWilliamSettleAGPP.OavidWardAGAH.DouglasWilliamsonFORC
CrlstlnaSanna.SabrinaVaranl.AndreaLombardo(StudioBartole&chil
StudioBsrtoleselM
EnricoNoliIp1231.NlkolausSchareikaIp29.S8.62.106.1101.PaulSctloUeIp228.229.23i.2&0.2M.25il
R.NorbertoFerrtandez,Chief.EarlyWarningandObservingSystemsBranch.UnitedNations
EnvironmentProgramme(UNEPh
HarkA.Emstt,OwisionofEarlyWarning,IUNEP(GlobalResourceInformationDatabase(GRID)
USGSEROSDataCenter.
JetleHtetkenrMFAO-SORN:PatriziaHonleduroFAO-SDRNiJeroenTkiielerFAD-SDRN
ParvizKoohafkan.Chief.FAO-ACLL
FrancescoCattaneo
RobertaMitchell
MaryFieldMaggieO'Hanlon.ClarePedrick
Preparation,productionanddistributionofthisbook
havebeenmadepossiblethankstothe
FAO/N«thtrUnd»PaiinersliipProsrammeonAgro-BiodlvtriMy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Th?FoodandAgricultureOrganizationwishes CHAD NIGERIA
toacknowledgethecollaborationofthemany H.JeanJacquesEngo.RepreuniantFAOa M.UsmaneBuba.C^loteQflicer.FederalCollegeol
organizationsandindivtduaUwhocontributed NOidrneOd FresiiwaterFisheriesTechnology.Alau.Baga
tothepublication. Ing.A.M.Mahamal^.Cliargedesprogramrr^es. M.GarbaZambuk.SE.0.Administrator.Federal
LAKECHADBASINCOMMISSION aNNu.pDrAieansmzcdanuaZsakeaqerad.eLtiapfearloddeelNaOpihahmee,nCaBL1. MCBj.oiH;Hejaoeig0a'nFsresNle-kwae'ne.rFTiesahmerMieasnaTgeectri.noClhogayd.BAalsauu.n
M.MuhammadSanIAdamu,s«cr*ijiireen^cuiir H.YoussoufBeodouMbamy.Chefducantonde Devrlapricn!AlI'iot.Iv.Hjgj
M.YonkeuEmmanuel.Di'ecteu'Depanemefit 8ol H.AlahajlMastafaGadobe.EsecutmChairman.
diKumeTi'..sI-i]n,-nfi^matiDn.letM^ectinnet M.SumaylaMohamed.Secrelairegin^ratdeta AbadarriLci3\CovrrrrnrilCouncil.MalamFalon
tMe.chAnnolaodsa-eTsiaivfaao.cePtrsojKtManagerReversalstLand PMr.e'eHtatti.rMi'adhuaBm'faidTchiari.ChefduService AMg.nAcbudUuul'leaDhclpjAiuId'luienLt,asMjWl.jnP^rofadluocreiControl,
aSMn.OdOAWEb-diLtaAct-ClDaIchS-ogAcriadedlaaetmidoenrd^Feervfcendldeaipiipan«Cimeh«lonluiLlCeiBiuteELccahodnsiyqsuteem oHeMla..rjvi.HBiaagdcunm.gaLEatancs.MsaforhuiamvtrhMconHynacodmujegamra.re.lChpRceelcshdepu.onSBueorblvliecedes MaMDen..pdaMBrNleua'tdTl,i«iae'i''m,ii!Mal.aRCHicOj^nuUgarjdcyBc-.u'k^A.assrMisaAtlsanaatmg.aFA.aglrMoireciualdtuorfeAgriculture
M.A.ZakariaHaggarDirvcteur Composantamenaqementduproiel CommandaniCiOehna.MultinationalTaskForce.
lHHuau..vvVTjeheUgajuaiirmtdipa!.ean.t:grida;et]rsntlIiZxeeNuuglhas.rKmRoaeudsnjpio.nsCahUe*fddeellaaDivisionde MdMDBoue..lvCAeBhlbueoaklpkaoOareurmAc^dSnd'1aia'l0m1me-ihiBd.WuarhnaHiadoeihudM6rM-iKbm;maa,amPsryCsei.e'i«ertRcoledmepuur'seeescedinuetuLaramc. MMMBRaa..sfi:;AB!5SwuaaluldaeimaTMhoMohamagawrsaa,nI.ittseToaruadfdoi.ftiHtoehneaaldNhiogulenvriiitlarlnageP.olOieuem,ba
FiD peche.Kmasserom
FAQRepresentationsmCameroDn.Chad,Nigeria. H.MamadouStliCheldussus-tecteurpachc. THENIGER
aAZLCHFRTPRME,.n..Ih..6XAdReSGHLSETIGCMaeiuBNmEaernaEOS.itapRcmigeectnRoVveerNrovonurialvOcmnAaeteiinhoOitLcnlGie.JteOi-Nanauli.CR.l.mlM.iOae.FmAc^EsNSOpe.G.a.dT'i.Re'PE;nRPT.tvMeKDIrLaDr.nAtihBo.ic.cvmAvUuGiiaTciVbOrrTsp.silaai.dAIitctFzoeotOlneHninoDsidN.a.ridetSGJvHFMnirneillIaiasslPtcc.iuntaooLw*ocun.aatxSrpD.e.l.rrlvTGf.fieiacrAeriecis..talsz.nzgi. KHHLMdMOMHHHDDBuici'cu.......mrn'iwAnra^ij'nCMHOLLH.aspdthasaaamlaoDDeeeosuHwuuymarmrrpsrraooaeprAiarrrrAemcnnltrdtiiudN.ihl^jHAaarjaKKalhnj,AellatiCiiduAnslAkrrnoMa.ediudtburirieBaHCroomnrlhoadmdaoedgid.F.molcygao*u.orCrdODui.ietC.ueMrahSIfebymeaSoc.oidoutgDdeeuseCiusus-enihir-Puycet^Prle.pderercemfdoSCleimuOlheieeaeOitcsfdpaE.arenLddotWutALioaeroCnccdwmtaiatddimeeodonen MpeMOpHNMMMMcrIoiaaaW......rusmmnGcu^cutvuiASALMGI-ienoal'rascobaaienarlulgsrdtectR6limmujedHatceau.lfiii.aut.atgoaaroiNCNdraereonMehS,BlyoonoGlaGiui.MbuMuvuruMr.mpiammgiPuiNgea.gArageCmsrrrsaoyabmn.at.ajdlngiide.aemeesiu.tDPfcrse.eGi.iaeyulurGlP.ulCieLdRutrl.dRcetie.RoeerstPdegN.pleepcderoaurPotuegGnrarentrseuoatmsciaiijdereacmlpegxenuneeiipmlfitrtlseliaoalateruuunnFtrpiddntAeiodeeed.eOudesu.vpcluDrNaeinedNe'CrnoceliethGihs^acrouene,temfiraieegtdlodtymaenudisudeTsat
ConservaleurduparedeKalamaioue.Mintsterede detalauneetdesparesnationaui(Minist^rede M.AbbaKarla.Artistekanun.musioendealgaita.
IMHMH'....erSJArHevdiiaineimmlole.nanynKeduraOotcidiluedreodlrdGaule.BltPnoGaduruerciiridumefutardKseuaetIlau^dp.i^ar^rKi^deouluua.d&uve«S&i.oelKufvUasiglit-eatPmadrgieeetldMoeeaiuMredaa«rcaoco MlMCIhee..annsvKMmsilrb*raoo.onmrnananomededmejm*enienanBlKigaoreemdnlltieddeneeDbiaeIlddieenaaenuua.llld..ajDlNNiiarueDDRcnjjteeaaismmoIpneeMomnnndiaasesallbeaireeddeela MMMDU-a..rjlijIHBurbaorLr,mujaKlaih-anti.nsmimjcaHOIHeocCsjhmisciablcnidK.uaCtvoc>lohlra.>dlgole.nan.DaoClrheoeulLrcddluucwcMaainntioMn#.r*du
H.AbdullahMahmad.Rc<<ionsabl*d«tip«chode pNroOtjeacmtieonnadesvtgitaui,MinisltredeI'agricullure. MHJ.-.HousmaneKoussouriOirecieur
KHd.fdAldamaHomi.ResponubledeLapichad> Dder^Nvdvgoautabuaxb.eMmTitcgtacyreo,dDoirreacgtriiocnuldteurloa,pNrotDejcatmiconna dMe.pjCiiofmi-mirainljdladneiItATmfiaifAindeainmenEvLCSIo'juleymane
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ConservaleurduparenationaldeWaia.MinisJered* H.Klamadje.Expertdesvaranes.Directiondela
IME'c.eonlMveoipruoosunsrnealmaeBfnaolrrekmtaat.dieoGsnulidodfrerettdsi.upeMpcaairroeloiunsaatteitodnaelldaefaWuanic,a pNMrmoDtieeacrtDnieoonndaoduemllaatradun,eGeul^dneusepuasreestnraaldiiotinoanunxe.lle,
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I m)aterial

FOREWORD
ThisbookISaInbutetothestrengthand Humanweil-betng.povertyreduction,
inleUigenceofIhepeopleoftheLake sustainableuseofraaourcaaandthe
ChillBumwhaoveranturiti,hiw IimportanceoffaiolDgiGBldiverai^foribod
developedawealth locol.tcchrolog'es securitywasreconfirn^edbytheWorld
enablingthemtosurvivetfieharshand FoodSummitin1996landagainin2O02j.
uncertainconditionsoftheregion.Most Thesearenotindeiiendentdomains,but
LakeChadBasinpeopletodayengagein Iinvolveahighlevelofcross-cutting
somemixtureofagriculture,fisheriesand interrelattonshipsandimplytheneedfor
pmonlactivities.Peopleinhighly regionalpoliticalandscientificaction.The
uncertainandmarginalhabitatsdearly LakeChadBasinCommissionmustbe
haveaheightenedawarenessofthe assistedtohelpdeveloperosystem
importanceolbiologicaldiversityintheir managementStrategiesbasedonup-to-
lives.Adiversityofpotentialfoodsources, Idateenvironmentalscienceand
overarangeoftimesandplaces.vji\h economics,togetherwiththeknowledge
I'tdihfefaenrevnktitmyipTeNsflatnndilienviemliszoafsdtehamrainadkoofna apnrdadakpparseacifaltoicoonlpLr'mL'p-ietsr.aditional
IpotentiaUydeadlyshortbUinfood
resources.Biodiversitytotheppopleliving ThispiihlTatinnhasbeenpreparedbyRM)
inthisregion,isnotthemeresubjectofan technicalpeoplefromdiffenent
academicdebatewithpoliticalovertones, DepartmentsandServices,throughthe
IIitisthesubstanceofsurvivaL AcorlelaabfoorraItnitoenrdmiascdieplpionasrsyibAlcetiboyntohnePriority
Threatstobiodiversity,andthereforeto Biodiversity,andsupportreceivedbythe
Ilong-lermwell-being,havecomeInthefom IFAQ/NettterlandsPartnershipProgramme
ofpopulat)ongrov/thandeconomicpressures onAgrobiodiversity.fortheparticipatory
tomoveintopossiblyunsustainable preparationanddistributionofthisbook.
productionmethods.Thedialtangonowis
Itofindoriginalsolutionsthatleadtobatter
Iproductivi^,butnotatthecostofbiodiversity
andfong-termsusiainabillty.Thebest
solutionswrillderivefromlocalcreativity
andergagement.andwillmaintainnatural
resourcesandecosystemfunctionsfor
Ifuturegenerations.Tomeetthese
challengesv^'illrequireunderstanding
existingsocial,economicandecological
systems,inordertolindwaystohelplocal
poptAalionstoimproveconditionswithout
putinqatrrsl<.thelonq-lermSiabiUlyand InlmlflKUtmtiaalWaritiugCnw/I«»BimtifCiJintitti\r
resilienceofthesesystems.
Copyrightec^rri^tirial