This page intentionally left blank The Future Governance of Citizenship In much of the citizenship literature it is often considered, if not simply assumed, that citizenship is integral to the character of a self-determining community and that this process, by definition, involves the exclusion of resident‘foreigners’.DoraKostakopouloucallsthisassumptionintoquestion, arguingthat‘aliens’arebydefinitionoutsidetheboundsofthecommunityby virtueofacircularreasoningwhichtakesforgrantedtheexistenceofbounded national communities, and that this process of collective self-definition is deeply political and historically dated. Although national citizenship has enjoyed a privileged position in both theory and practice, its remarkable elasticity has reached its limit, thereby making it more important to find an alternativemodel.Kostakopouloudevelopsanewinstitutionalframeworkfor anational citizenship, which can be grafted onto the existing state system, defends it against objections and proposes institutional reform based on an innovativeapproachtocitizenship. DoraKostakopoulouisJeanMonnetProfessorinEuropeanLawandIntegration attheSchoolofLaw,UniversityofManchester. TheLawinContextSeries Editors:WilliamTwining(UniversityCollegeLondon), ChristopherMcCrudden(LincolnCollege,Oxford)and BronwenMorgan(UniversityofBristol) Since1970theLawinContextserieshasbeenintheforefrontofthemovementtobroaden thestudyoflaw.Ithasbeenavehicleforthepublicationofinnovativescholarlybooksthat treatlawandlegalphenomenacriticallyintheirsocial,politicalandeconomiccontexts fromavarietyofperspectives.Theseriesparticularlyaimstopublishscholarlylegalwriting thatbringsfreshperspectivestobearonnewandexistingareasoflawtaughtinuniversities. Acontextualapproachinvolvestreatinglegalsubjectsbroadly,usingmaterialsfromother socialsciences,andfromanyotherdisciplinethathelpstoexplaintheoperationinpractice ofthesubjectunderdiscussion.Itishopedthatthisorientationisatoncemorestimulating andmorerealisticthanthebareexpositionoflegalrules.Theseriesincludesoriginalbooks thathaveadifferentemphasisfromtraditionallegaltextbooks,whilemaintainingthesame highstandardsofscholarship.Theyarewrittenprimarilyforundergraduateandgraduate studentsoflawandofotherdisciplines,butmostalsoappealtoawiderreadership.Inthe past,mostbooksintheserieshavefocusedonEnglishlaw,butrecentpublicationsinclude booksonEuropeanlaw,globalisation,transnationallegalprocesses,andcomparativelaw. BooksintheSeries Anderson,Schum&Twining:AnalysisofEvidence Ashworth:SentencingandCriminalJustice Barton&Douglas:LawandParenthood Beecher-Monas:EvaluatingScientificEvidence:AnInterdisciplinaryFrameworkfor IntellectualDueProcess Bell:FrenchLegalCultures Bercusson:EuropeanLabourLaw Birkinshaw:EuropeanPublicLaw Birkinshaw:FreedomofInformation:TheLaw,thePracticeandtheIdeal Cane:Atiyah’sAccidents,CompensationandtheLaw Clarke&Kohler:PropertyLaw:CommentaryandMaterials Collins:TheLawofContract Cranston:LegalFoundationsoftheWelfareState Davies:PerspectivesonLabourLaw Dembour:WhoBelievesinHumanRights?:TheEuropeanConventioninQuestion deSousaSantos:TowardaNewLegalCommonSense Diduck:Law’sFamilies Elworthy&Holder:EnvironmentalProtection:TextandMaterials Fortin:Children’sRightsandtheDevelopingLaw Glover-Thomas:ReconstructingMentalHealthLawandPolicy Goldman:GlobalisationandtheWesternLegalTradition:RecurringPatternsofLawand Authority Gobert&Punch:RethinkingCorporateCrime Harlow&Rawlings:LawandAdministration Harris:AnIntroductiontoLaw Harris,Campbell&Halson:RemediesinContractandTort Harvey:SeekingAsylumintheUK:ProblemsandProspects Hervey&McHale:HealthLawandtheEuropeanUnion HolderandLee:EnvironmentalProtection,LawandPolicy Kostakopoulou:TheFutureGovernanceofCitizenship Lacey&Wells:ReconstructingCriminalLaw Lewis:ChoiceandtheLegalOrder:RisingabovePolitics Likosky:TransnationalLegalProcesses Likosky:Law,InfrastructureandHumanRights Maughan&Webb:LawyeringSkillsandtheLegalProcess McGlynn:FamiliesandtheEuropeanUnion:Law,PoliticsandPluralism Moffat:TrustsLaw:TextandMaterials Monti:ECCompetitionLaw Morgan&Yeung:AnIntroductiontoLawandRegulation,TextandMaterials Norrie:Crime,ReasonandHistory O’Dair:LegalEthics Oliver:CommonValuesandthePublic–PrivateDivide Oliver&Drewry:TheLawandParliament Picciotto:InternationalBusinessTaxation Reed:InternetLaw:TextandMaterials Richardson:Law,ProcessandCustody Roberts&Palmer:DisputeProcesses:ADRandthePrimaryFormsofDecision-Making Scott&Black:Cranston’sConsumersandtheLaw Seneviratne:Ombudsmen:PublicServicesandAdministrativeJustice Stapleton:ProductLiability Tamanaha:TheStruggleforLawasaMeanstoanEnd TurpinandTomkins:BritishGovernmentandtheConstitution:TextandMaterials Twining:GlobalisationandLegalTheory Twining:RethinkingEvidence Twining&Miers:HowtoDoThingswithRules Ward:ACriticalIntroductiontoEuropeanLaw Ward:ShakespeareandLegalImagination Zander:CasesandMaterialsontheEnglishLegalSystem Zander:TheLaw-MakingProcess The Future Governance of Citizenship DORA KOSTAKOPOULOU UniversityofManchester CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521877992 © Dora Kostakopoulou 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-39697-7 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87799-2 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-70178-5 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Acknowledgements pageviii Introduction 1 1 Thecartographyofcitizenship 12 2 ThenationalitymodelofcitizenshipanditsCritics 45 3 Shadesoftogetherness,patriotismandnaturalisation 66 4 Theinstitutionaldesignofanationalcitizenship 100 5 Anationalcitizenshipintheinternationalpublicrealm 127 6 Thevariablegeometryofcitizenship 143 7 Pathwaystoinclusion 172 Conclusion 196 Bibliography 202 Index 220 Acknowledgements Thisbookhashadalongperiodofgestationandwouldnothavebeenbrought tofruitionwithoutthesupportoftheBritishAcademy,theThanksOfferingto BritainFundandtheArtsandHumanitiesResearchCouncil.Iamverygrateful for their support. I would also like tothank Sir MartinHarris (former Vice- Chancellor of Manchester University), Chris Orme, Jared Ruff and Andrew Sanders(former Head of theLaw School) for their encouragement and sup- port. Manchester University has provided an intellectually stimulating and relaxedenvironmentwithinwhichmanyofmyideaswereshaped.Ithankmy colleaguesandstudentsforthis.Inparticular,specialthanksareduetoCarolyn Abbot, David Booton, Francesco Giglio, Andrew Griffiths, Paul Kearns, William Lucy, John Murphy, Anthony Ogus and to my former colleague, JoShaw.ThanksalsotoFinolaO’SullivanatCambridgeUniversityPressfor heradviceandencouragement.Finally,Iamextremelygratefultomyfamily fortheirimmensepatienceandunfailingsupport.Everton,Alexander,Erini- BeatriceandEuclidhaveawayofcontinuallyprovidinginspiration.Thebook isdedicatedtothem.
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