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The French Writers’ War, 1940–1953 PDF

751 Pages·2014·3.793 MB·English
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Th e French Writers’ War 1940– 1953 POLITICS, HISTORY, AND CULTURE A series from the International Institute at the University of Michigan SERIES EDITORS George Steinmetz and Julia Adams SERIES EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Fernando Coronil Mamadou Diouf Michael Dutton Geoff Eley Fatma Müge Göcek Nancy Rose Hunt Andreas Kalyvas Webb Keane David Laitin Lydia Liu Julie Skurski Margaret Somers Ann Laura Stoler Katherine Verdery Elizabeth Wingrove Sponsored by the International Institute at the University of Michigan and published by Duke University Press, this series is centered around cultural and historical studies of power, politics, and the state—a fi eld that cuts across the disciplines of history, sociology, anthropology, po li- tical science, and cultural studies. Th e focus on the relationship between state and culture refers both to a methodological approach—t he study of politics and the state using culturalist methods—a nd a substantive one that treats signifying practices as an essential dimension of politics. Th e dialectic of politics, culture, and history fi gures prominently in all the books selected for the series. Th e French Writers’ War 1940– 1953 Gisèle Sapiro Translated by Vanessa Doriott Anderson and Dorrit Cohn Duke University Press Durham and London 2014 La Guerre des écrivains by Gisèle Sapiro, © 1999 Librairie Arthème Fayard. En glish translation © 2014 Duke University Press. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Amy Ruth Buchanan Typeset in Garamond by Westchester Books Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the Book Department of Cultural Ser vices of the French Embassy in the United States, Hemingway Grant Program, which provided funds toward the translation of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Sapiro, Gisèle. Th e French writers’ war, 1940–1953 / Gisile Sapiro ; translated by Vanessa Doriott Anderson and Dorrit Cohn. pages cm — (Politics, history, and culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8223-5178-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8223-5191-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. France—Intellectual life—20th century. 2. Intellectuals—France—History—20th century. 3. France—Cultural policy—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series: Politics, history, and culture. DC33.7.S27 2014 840.9'3584053—dc23 2013045006 In memory of my father Contents Ac know ledg ments ix Introduction 1 Part I Th e Literary Logics of Po liti cal Engagement 11 1 Choices under Constraints 13 2 Th e Responsibility of the Writer 81 3 Literary Salvation and the Literature of Salvation: François Mauriac and Henry Bordeaux 158 Part II Literary Institutions and National Crisis 1 87 4 Th e Sense of Duty: Th e French Academy 191 5 Th e Sense of Scandal: Th e Goncourt Academy 243 6 Th e Sense of Distinction: Th e “nrf Spirit” 293 7 Th e Sense of Subversion: Th e Comité national des écrivains (cne) 362 Part III Literary Justice 4 37 8 Th e Literary Court 439 9 Literary Institutions and National Reconstruction 491 Conclusion 5 37 Appendix 1: Pre sen ta tion of the Survey 551 Appendix 2: Th e Social Recruitment of the Literary Field and of Its Institutions 561 Notes 573 Bibliography 677 Name Index 721 Ac know ledg ments Gisèle Sapiro wishes to thank Jasmine Deventer for her help revising the trans- lation. Dorrit Cohn wishes to thank three people who have helped with the prepara- tion of this translation. Richard Ingram, who assisted me with my computer and was immeasurably useful in checking my spelling; Professor Susan Sulei- man, who set me straight on the French educational system and helped with the idioms; and François Proulx, who was my main source of information on French idioms. Vanessa Doriott Anderson wishes to thank Alice Kaplan, for her advice on the logistics of presenting French culture and history to an American audience; Gisèle Sapiro, for her generous assistance with certain very specifi c details of the manuscript; Courtney Berger, for her guidance throughout the project; and John Anderson, for his superhuman patience and support over many months.

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