The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology PDF
Preview The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology
The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology Gino G. Raymond French Politics, Society and Culture Series General Editor: Robert Elgie, Paddy Moriarty Professor of Government and International Studies, Dublin City University France has always fascinated outside observers. Now, the country is undergoing a period of profound transformation. France is faced with a rapidly changing international and European environment and it is having to rethink some of its most basic social, political and economic orthodoxies. As elsewhere, there is pressure to conform. And yet, while France is responding in ways that are no doubt familiar to people in other European countries, it is also managing to maintain elements of its long-standing distinctiveness. Overall, it remains a place that is not exactly comme les autres. This new series examines all aspects of French politics, society and culture. In so doing it focuses on the changing nature of the French system as well as the established patterns of political, social and cultural life. Contributors to the series are encouraged to present new and innovative arguments so that the informed reader can learn and understand more about one of the most beguiling and compelling of all European countries. Titles include: Jean K. Chalaby THE DE GAULLE PRESIDENCY AND THE MEDIA Statism and Public Communications David Drake FRENCH INTELLECTUALS AND POLITICS FROM THE DREYFUS AFFAIR TO THE OCCUPATION David Drake INTELLECTUALS AND POLITICS IN POST-WAR FRANCE Graeme Hayes ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEST AND THE STATE IN FRANCE David J. Howarth THE FRENCH ROAD TO EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION Andrew Knapp PARTIES AND THE PARTY SYSTEM IN FRANCE A Disconnected Democracy? Michael S. Lewis-Beck (editor) THE FRENCH VOTER Before and After the 2002 Elections Susan Milner and Nick Parsons (editors) REINVENTING FRANCE State and Society in the Twenty-first Century Gino G. Raymond THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY DURING THE FIFTH REPUBLIC A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology Sarah Waters SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN FRANCE Towards a New Citizenship French Politics, Society and Culture Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-80440-7 hardcover Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-80441-4 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology Gino G. Raymond © Gino G. Raymond 2005 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-9612-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-54515-5 ISBN 978-0-230-51287-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230512870 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Raymond, Gino. The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic:a crisis of leadership and ideology/Gino G. Raymond. p. cm. — (French politics, society, and culture series) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Parti communiste français. 2. France—Politics and government—1958– I. Title. II. Series. JN3007.C6R39 2005 324.244′075′09045—dc22 2005047038 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 A la mémoire d’Olga Marie Raymond Force tranquille et sagesse inépuisable This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables viii About the Author ix Acknowledgements x Introduction 1 Part I The Premier Party of France 5 1 Political Credibility 7 2 Dynamics of the Counter-culture 23 3 The Anti-system Party 40 Part II The Seeds of Failure 65 4 The Rise of the Socialists 67 5 Failing the Presidential Challenge 93 6 Marchais: The (Dis)course of Leadership 120 Part III A Party Without a Role? 139 7 A Tale of Clashing Counter-cultures 141 8 The End of Ideology 168 Notes 206 Bibliography 221 Index 230 vii List of Tables 3.1 Results of second round of legislative elections, 30 November 1958 50 3.2 1974 Presidential election 62 4.1 Social composition of SFIO–PS membership (in percentages), 1951–73 75 4.2 Performances of PS and PCF in the constituencies 85 5.1 Electoral performance of PCF since 1969 96 7.1 PCF and FN election results in metropolitan France 1978–89 166 8.1 Performance of left-wing and ecology candidates in the first round of the presidential elections 2002 192 8.2 Performance of left-wing and ecology parties in the first round of the legislative elections 2002 193 viii About the Author Gino Raymond is Reader in French at the University of Bristol, England. He received his BA from the University of Bristol and his PhD from Cambridge University. He is trained in both French studies and political science. His interest in the evolution of French society and culture was honed by periods of teaching in a number of French institutions, including the Ecole normale supérieure in Paris. Since returning to teach in England, he has continued to develop his research interests in the emanations of France’s political culture, both through political discourse and through strategies of literary commitment. This has so far resulted in five books: France during the Socialist Years (ed., 1994), André Malraux: Politics and the Temptation of Myth (1995), A Historical Dictionary of France (1998), Structures of Power in Modern France (ed., 1999) and Redefining the French Republic (ed. with A. Cole, 2005). His journal publi- cations include articles in Patterns of Prejudice, French Cultural Studies and the Revue André Malraux. His work has also been translated into several languages. He is married, with two children. ix
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