Table Of Content

The Founding Fathers: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way into a new subject. They are written by experts and have been translated into more than 40 different languages. The series began in 1995 and now covers a wide variety of topics in every discipline. The VSI library now contains more than 400 volumes—a Very Short Introduction to everything from Indian philosophy to psychology and American History—and continues to grow in every subject area. Very Short Introductions available now: ACCOUNTING Christopher Nobes ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART AND ADVERTISING Winston Fletcher ARCHITECTURE Christina Riggs AFRICAN AMERICAN RELIGION ANCIENT GREECE Paul Cartledge Eddie S. Glaude Jr. THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST AFRICAN HISTORY John Parker and Amanda H. Podany Richard Rathbone ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Julia Annas AFRICAN RELIGIONS Jacob K. Olupona ANCIENT WARFARE Harry Sidebottom AGNOSTICISM Robin Le Poidevin ANGELS David Albert Jones ALEXANDER THE GREAT ANGLICANISM Mark Chapman Hugh Bowden THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE ALGEBRA Peter M. Higgins John Blair AMERICAN HISTORY Paul S. Boyer THE ANIMAL KINGDOM AMERICAN IMMIGRATION Peter Holland David A. Gerber ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY THE ANTARCTIC Klaus Dodds G. Edward White ANTISEMITISM Steven Beller AMERICAN POLITICAL HISTORY ANXIETY Daniel Freeman and Donald Critchlow Jason Freeman AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS AND ELECTIONS L. Sandy Maisel Paul Foster AMERICAN POLITICS ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn Richard M. Valelly ARCHITECTURE Andrew Ballantyne THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY ARISTOCRACY William Doyle Charles O. Jones ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ART HISTORY Dana Arnold Robert J. Allison ART THEORY Cynthia Freeland AMERICAN SLAVERY ASTROBIOLOGY David C. Catling Heather Andrea Williams ATHEISM Julian Baggini THE AMERICAN WEST AUGUSTINE Henry Chadwick Stephen Aron AUSTRALIA Kenneth Morgan AMERICAN WOMEN’S HISTORY AUTISM Uta Frith Susan Ware THE AVANT GARDE David Cottington ANAESTHESIA Aidan O’Donnell THE AZTECS Davíd Carrasco ANARCHISM Colin Ward BACTERIA Sebastian G. B. Amyes ANCIENT ASSYRIA Karen Radner BARTHES Jonathan Culler ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw THE BEATS David Sterritt BEAUTY Roger Scruton COMEDY Matthew Bevis BESTSELLERS John Sutherland COMMUNISM Leslie Holmes THE BIBLE John Riches COMPLEXITY John H. Holland BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Eric H. Cline THE COMPUTER Darrel Ince BIOGRAPHY Hermione Lee CONFUCIANISM Daniel K. Gardner BLACK HOLES Katherine Blundell THE CONQUISTADORS THE BLUES Elijah Wald Matthew Restall and THE BODY Chris Shilling Felipe Fernández-Armesto THE BOOK OF MORMON CONSCIENCE Paul Strohm Terryl Givens CONSCIOUSNESS Susan Blackmore BORDERS Alexander C. Diener and CONTEMPORARY ART Julian Stallabrass Joshua Hagen CONTEMPORARY FICTION THE BRAIN Michael O’Shea Robert Eaglestone THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Martin Loughlin Simon Critchley THE BRITISH EMPIRE Ashley Jackson CORAL REEFS Charles Sheppard BRITISH POLITICS Anthony Wright CORPORATE SOCIAL BUDDHA Michael Carrithers RESPONSIBILITY Jeremy Moon BUDDHISM Damien Keown CORRUPTION Leslie Holmes BUDDHIST ETHICS Damien Keown COSMOLOGY Peter Coles BYZANTIUM Peter Sarris CRIME FICTION Richard Bradford CANCER Nicholas James CRIMINAL JUSTICE Julian V. Roberts CAPITALISM James Fulcher CRITICAL THEORY Stephen Eric Bronner CATHOLICISM Gerald O’Collins THE CRUSADES Christopher Tyerman CAUSATION Stephen Mumford and CRYPTOGRAPHY Fred Piper and Rani Lill Anjum Sean Murphy THE CELL Terence Allen and THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION Graham Cowling Richard Curt Kraus THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe DADA AND SURREALISM CHAOS Leonard Smith David Hopkins CHEMISTRY Peter Atkins DANTE Peter Hainsworth and CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Usha Goswami David Robey CHILDREN’S LITERATURE DARWIN Jonathan Howard Kimberley Reynolds THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS Timothy Lim CHINESE LITERATURE Sabina Knight DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick CHOICE THEORY Michael Allingham DERRIDA Simon Glendinning CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson DESCARTES Tom Sorell CHRISTIAN ETHICS D. Stephen Long DESERTS Nick Middleton CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead DESIGN John Heskett CITIZENSHIP Richard Bellamy DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY CIVIL ENGINEERING David Muir Wood Lewis Wolpert CLASSICAL LITERATURE William Allan THE DEVIL Darren Oldridge CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY DIASPORA Kevin Kenny Helen Morales DICTIONARIES Lynda Mugglestone CLASSICS Mary Beard and John Henderson DINOSAURS David Norman CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard DIPLOMACY Joseph M. Siracusa CLIMATE Mark Maslin DOCUMENTARY FILM THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon Patricia Aufderheide COLONIAL AMERICA Alan Taylor DREAMING J. Allan Hobson COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN DRUGS Leslie Iversen LITERATURE Rolena Adorno DRUIDS Barry Cunliffe EARLY MUSIC Thomas Forrest Kelly FREE SPEECH Nigel Warburton THE EARTH Martin Redfern FREE WILL Thomas Pink ECONOMICS Partha Dasgupta FRENCH LITERATURE John D. Lyons EDUCATION Gary Thomas THE FRENCH REVOLUTION EGYPTIAN MYTH Geraldine Pinch William Doyle EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN FREUD Anthony Storr Paul Langford FUNDAMENTALISM Malise Ruthven THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball FUNGI Nicholas P. Money EMOTION Dylan Evans GALAXIES John Gribbin EMPIRE Stephen Howe GALILEO Stillman Drake ENGELS Terrell Carver GAME THEORY Ken Binmore ENGINEERING David Blockley GANDHI Bhikhu Parekh ENGLISH LITERATURE Jonathan Bate GENES Jonathan Slack THE ENLIGHTENMENT John Robertson GENIUS Andrew Robinson ENTREPRENEURSHIP Paul Westhead GEOGRAPHY John Matthews and and Mike Wright David Herbert ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS GEOPOLITICS Klaus Dodds Stephen Smith GERMAN LITERATURE Nicholas Boyle ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS GERMAN PHILOSOPHY Andrew Dobson Andrew Bowie EPICUREANISM Catherine Wilson GLOBAL CATASTROPHES Bill McGuire EPIDEMIOLOGY Rodolfo Saracci GLOBAL ECONOMIC HISTORY ETHICS Simon Blackburn Robert C. Allen ETHNOMUSICOLOGY Timothy Rice GLOBALIZATION Manfred Steger THE ETRUSCANS Christopher Smith GOD John Bowker THE EUROPEAN UNION John Pinder GOETHE Ritchie Robertson and Simon Usherwood THE GOTHIC Nick Groom EVOLUTION Brian and GOVERNANCE Mark Bevir Deborah Charlesworth THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn NEW DEAL Eric Rauchway EXPLORATION Stewart A. Weaver HABERMAS James Gordon Finlayson THE EYE Michael Land HAPPINESS Daniel M. Haybron FAMILY LAW Jonathan Herring HEGEL Peter Singer FASCISM Kevin Passmore HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood FASHION Rebecca Arnold HERMENEUTICS Jens Zimmermann FEMINISM Margaret Walters HERODOTUS Jennifer T. Roberts FILM Michael Wood HIEROGLYPHS Penelope Wilson FILM MUSIC Kathryn Kalinak HINDUISM Kim Knott THE FIRST WORLD WAR HISTORY John H. Arnold Michael Howard THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY FOLK MUSIC Mark Slobin Michael Hoskin FOOD John Krebs THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY William H. Brock David Canter THE HISTORY OF LIFE FORENSIC SCIENCE Jim Fraser Michael Benton FORESTS Jaboury Ghazoul THE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS FOSSILS Keith Thomson Jacqueline Stedall FOUCAULT Gary Gutting THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE THE FOUNDING FATHERS William Bynum R. B. Bernstein THE HISTORY OF TIME FRACTALS Kenneth Falconer Leofranc Holford-Strevens HIV/AIDS Alan Whiteside LAW Raymond Wacks HOBBES Richard Tuck THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS HOLLYWOOD Peter Decherney Peter Atkins HORMONES Martin Luck LEADERSHIP Keith Grint HUMAN ANATOMY LIBERALISM Michael Freeden Leslie Klenerman LIGHT Ian Walmsley HUMAN EVOLUTION Bernard Wood LINCOLN Allen C. Guelzo HUMAN RIGHTS Andrew Clapham LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews HUMANISM Stephen Law LITERARY THEORY Jonathan Culler HUME A. J. Ayer LOCKE John Dunn HUMOUR Noël Carroll LOGIC Graham Priest THE ICE AGE Jamie Woodward LOVE Ronald de Sousa IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Sue Hamilton MADNESS Andrew Scull INFECTIOUS DISEASE Marta L. Wayne MAGIC Owen Davies and Benjamin M. Bolker MAGNA CARTA Nicholas Vincent INFORMATION Luciano Floridi MAGNETISM Stephen Blundell INNOVATION Mark Dodgson and MALTHUS Donald Winch David Gann MANAGEMENT John Hendry INTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary MAO Delia Davin INTERNATIONAL LAW MARINE BIOLOGY Philip V. Mladenov Vaughan Lowe THE MARQUIS DE SADE John Phillips INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION MARTIN LUTHER Scott H. Hendrix Khalid Koser MARTYRDOM Jolyon Mitchell INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MARX Peter Singer Paul Wilkinson MATERIALS Christopher Hall INTERNATIONAL SECURITY MATHEMATICS Timothy Gowers Christopher S. Browning THE MEANING OF LIFE Terry Eagleton IRAN Ali M. Ansari MEDICAL ETHICS Tony Hope ISLAM Malise Ruthven MEDICAL LAW Charles Foster ISLAMIC HISTORY Adam Silverstein MEDIEVAL BRITAIN John Gillingham ITALIAN LITERATURE and Ralph A. Griffiths Peter Hainsworth and David Robey MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Elaine Treharne JESUS Richard Bauckham MEMORY Jonathan K. Foster JOURNALISM Ian Hargreaves METAPHYSICS Stephen Mumford JUDAISM Norman Solomon THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION JUNG Anthony Stevens Alan Knight KABBALAH Joseph Dan MICHAEL FARADAY Frank A. J. L. James KAFKA Ritchie Robertson MICROBIOLOGY Nicholas P. Money KANT Roger Scruton MICROECONOMICS Avinash Dixit KEYNES Robert Skidelsky MICROSCOPY Terence Allen KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner THE MIDDLE AGES Miri Rubin KNOWLEDGE Jennifer Nagel MINERALS David Vaughan THE KORAN Michael Cook MODERN ART David Cottington LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MODERN CHINA Rana Mitter Ian H. Thompson MODERN DRAMA LANDSCAPES AND Kirsten E. Shepherd-Barr GEOMORPHOLOGY MODERN FRANCE Vanessa R. Schwartz Andrew Goudie and Heather Viles MODERN IRELAND Senia Pašeta LANGUAGES Stephen R. Anderson MODERN JAPAN LATE ANTIQUITY Gillian Clark Christopher Goto-Jones MODERN LATIN AMERICAN PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close LITERATURE PAUL E. P. Sanders Roberto González Echevarría PEACE Oliver P. Richmond MODERN WAR Richard English PENTECOSTALISM William K. Kay MODERNISM Christopher Butler THE PERIODIC TABLE Eric R. Scerri MOLECULES Philip Ball PHILOSOPHY Edward Craig THE MONGOLS Morris Rossabi PHILOSOPHY IN THE ISLAMIC MOONS David A. Rothery WORLD Peter Adamson MORMONISM Richard Lyman Bushman PHILOSOPHY OF LAW Raymond Wacks MOUNTAINS Martin F. Price PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE MUHAMMAD Jonathan A. C. Brown Samir Okasha MULTICULTURALISM Ali Rattansi PHOTOGRAPHY Steve Edwards MUSIC Nicholas Cook PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Peter Atkins MYTH Robert A. Segal PILGRIMAGE Ian Reader THE NAPOLEONIC WARS PLAGUE Paul Slack Mike Rapport PLANETS David A. Rothery NATIONALISM Steven Grosby PLANTS Timothy Walker NELSON MANDELA Elleke Boehmer PLATE TECTONICS Peter Molnar NEOLIBERALISM Manfred Steger and PLATO Julia Annas Ravi Roy POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY David Miller NETWORKS Guido Caldarelli and POLITICS Kenneth Minogue Michele Catanzaro POSTCOLONIALISM Robert Young THE NEW TESTAMENT POSTMODERNISM Christopher Butler Luke Timothy Johnson POSTSTRUCTURALISM THE NEW TESTAMENT AS Catherine Belsey LITERATURE Kyle Keefer PREHISTORY Chris Gosden NEWTON Robert Iliffe PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner Catherine Osborne NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN PRIVACY Raymond Wacks Christopher Harvie and PROBABILITY John Haigh H. C. G. Matthew PROGRESSIVISM Walter Nugent THE NORMAN CONQUEST PROTESTANTISM Mark A. Noll George Garnett PSYCHIATRY Tom Burns NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS PSYCHOANALYSIS Daniel Pick Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green PSYCHOLOGY Gillian Butler and NORTHERN IRELAND Marc Mulholland Freda McManus NOTHING Frank Close PSYCHOTHERAPY Tom Burns and NUCLEAR PHYSICS Frank Close Eva Burns-Lundgren NUCLEAR POWER Maxwell Irvine PURITANISM Francis J. Bremer NUCLEAR WEAPONS THE QUAKERS Pink Dandelion Joseph M. Siracusa QUANTUM THEORY NUMBERS Peter M. Higgins John Polkinghorne NUTRITION David A. Bender RACISM Ali Rattansi OBJECTIVITY Stephen Gaukroger RADIOACTIVITY Claudio Tuniz THE OLD TESTAMENT RASTAFARI Ennis B. Edmonds Michael D. Coogan THE REAGAN REVOLUTION Gil Troy THE ORCHESTRA D. Kern Holoman REALITY Jan Westerhoff ORGANIZATIONS Mary Jo Hatch THE REFORMATION Peter Marshall PAGANISM Owen Davies RELATIVITY Russell Stannard THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI RELIGION IN AMERICA Timothy Beal CONFLICT Martin Bunton THE RENAISSANCE Jerry Brotton RENAISSANCE ART SPINOZA Roger Scruton Geraldine A. Johnson SPIRITUALITY Philip Sheldrake REVOLUTIONS Jack A. Goldstone SPORT Mike Cronin RHETORIC Richard Toye STARS Andrew King RISK Baruch Fischhoff and John Kadvany STATISTICS David J. Hand RITUAL Barry Stephenson STEM CELLS Jonathan Slack RIVERS Nick Middleton STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROBOTICS Alan Winfield David Blockley ROMAN BRITAIN Peter Salway STUART BRITAIN John Morrill THE ROMAN EMPIRE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Christopher Kelly Stephen Blundell THE ROMAN REPUBLIC SYMMETRY Ian Stewart David M. Gwynn TAXATION Stephen Smith ROMANTICISM Michael Ferber TEETH Peter S. Ungar ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler TERRORISM Charles Townshend RUSSELL A. C. Grayling THEATRE Marvin Carlson RUSSIAN HISTORY Geoffrey Hosking THEOLOGY David F. Ford RUSSIAN LITERATURE THOMAS AQUINAS Fergus Kerr Catriona Kelly THOUGHT Tim Bayne THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION TIBETAN BUDDHISM S. A. Smith Matthew T. Kapstein SCHIZOPHRENIA Chris Frith and TOCQUEVILLE Harvey C. Mansfield Eve Johnstone TRAGEDY Adrian Poole SCHOPENHAUER Christopher Janaway THE TROJAN WAR Eric H. Cline SCIENCE AND RELIGION TRUST Katherine Hawley Thomas Dixon THE TUDORS John Guy SCIENCE FICTION David Seed TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Kenneth O. Morgan Lawrence M. Principe THE UNITED NATIONS SCOTLAND Rab Houston Jussi M. Hanhimäki SEXUALITY Véronique Mottier THE U.S. CONGRESS SIKHISM Eleanor Nesbitt Donald A. Ritchie THE SILK ROAD James A. Millward THE U.S. SUPREME COURT SLEEP Steven W. Lockley and Linda Greenhouse Russell G. Foster UTOPIANISM Lyman Tower Sargent SOCIAL AND CULTURAL THE VIKINGS Julian Richards ANTHROPOLOGY VIRUSES Dorothy H. Crawford John Monaghan and Peter Just WATER John Finney SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Richard J. Crisp WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE SOCIAL WORK Sally Holland and Stanley Wells Jonathan Scourfield WITCHCRAFT Malcolm Gaskill SOCIALISM Michael Newman WITTGENSTEIN A. C. Grayling SOCIOLINGUISTICS John Edwards WORK Stephen Fineman SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman SOCRATES C. C. W. Taylor THE WORLD TRADE SOUND Mike Goldsmith ORGANIZATION THE SOVIET UNION Stephen Lovell Amrita Narlikar THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR WORLD WAR II Gerhard L. Weinberg Helen Graham WRITING AND SCRIPT SPANISH LITERATURE Jo Labanyi Andrew Robinson Available soon: MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE Tim Lenton John Marenbon THE WELFARE STATE David Garland SLANG Jonathon Green CRYSTALLOGRAPHY A. M. Glazer For more information visit our website www.oup.com/vsi/ R. B. Bernstein The Founding Fathers A Very Short Introduction 1