The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier

292 Pages·1978·40.498 MB·English

by  Andrew C. Hess

THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER
P
ublications of the
C M E S , N 10
enter for iddle astern tudies umber
William R. Polk, General Editor
Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies
1. Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth
Century
Edited by William R. Polk and Richard L. Chambers
2. The Mosque in Early Ottoman Architecture
By Aptullah Kuran
3. Economic Development and Regional Cooperation: Kuwait
By Ragaei El Mallakh
4. Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt
By Gabriel Baer
5. Conflicts and Tensions in Islamic Jurisprudence
By Noel J. Coulson
6. The Modern Arabic Literary Language
By Jaroslav Stetkevych
7, Iran: Economic Development under Dualistic Conditions
By Jahangir Amuzegar and M. AH Fekrat
8. The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914
By Charles Issawi
9. The Sense of Unity: The Sufi Tradition in Persian Architecture
By Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar
10. The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century
Ibero-African Frontier
By Andrew C. Hess
THE FORGOTTEN FRONTIER
A History of the Sixteenth-Century
Ibero-African Frontier
ANDREW C. HESS
The University of Chicago Press
C L
hicago and ondon
T U C P , C 60637
he niversity of hicago ress hicago
T U C P , L ., L
he niversity of hicago ress td ondon
© 1978 by The University of Chicago
All rights reserved. Published 1978
Printed in the United States of America
82 81 80 79 78 54321
A C. H is associate professor of history at Temple University
ndrew ess
and the author of many scholarly articles.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Hess, Andrew C
The forgotten frontier.
(Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern
Studies)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Africa, North—Relations (general) with Spain.
2. Spain—Relations (general) with North Africa.
3. Africa, North—History—1517-1882. 4. Spain—
History—House of Austria, 1516-1700. 5. Western
Mediterranean—History. I. Title. II. Series:
Chicago. University. Center for Middle Eastern
Studies. Publications.
DT197.5.S7H47 301.29’46’062 77-25517
ISBN 0-226-33028-1
To Sue

CONTENTS
ix
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments xi
Note on Transliteration xiii
1 The Ibero-African Frontier 1
A Military Revolution 11
3 North Africa and the Atlantic 26
4 Islam Resurgent 45
5 The Clash of Empires 71
6 North Africa in Revolt 100
7 Islam Expelled 127
8 Once again the East 156
9 The Forgotten Frontier 187
10 The Mediterranean Divided 207
Abbreviations 213
Note on Unpublished Sources 215
Notes 217
Glossary
Bibliographical Essay 257
Index
vii

ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1. Portuguese and Spanish expansion into
North Africa, 1415-1510 40
Fig. 2. Ottoman naval imperialism, 1480-1580 80
Fig. 3. Spanish plans for the fortification of
Bougie, ca. 1543 83
Fig. 4. The expansion of Mediterranean Islam
into West Africa, 1529-91 117
Fig. 5. Routes followed by Spain’s exiles, 1492-
1609 152
Fig. 6. The city of Algiers, ca. 1560 166
Fig. 7. A sixteenth-century drawing of Cadiz 168
Fig. 8. Sixteenth-century Cadiz’s cathedral and
fortress 202
Fig. 9. A sketch of late-sixteenth-century Algiers 204
Genealogical table of the Avis dynasty 28
Genealogical table of the House of Castile 35
Genealogical table of the Sacdian dynasty 51
Genealogical table of the Ottoman dynasty 59
ix