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pa Govt. of West Beou THE FOREIGN’ NY QUARTERLY REVI —— Histoire de Philippe Auguste, par My Cepefigue, ge courvané par MFnstitut, 44 vols. vo, Rats, 1830, 6 the bel ie phslment, fr was thevaniof the grea ‘With has giose mage, ouch rapid progress, and 3s everv day and more ethanding its propitious git, ‘The two gland clments which operated on society fram the extronsfinentwof the barbmous imaders in Roman Gaul, and ‘utch puaintataed a continual eoruggle for predaminance-qyer the ‘pinigiig$ ten from thé Aeypath to the tenth century, wery the materi Yorce of the conqueror, and thy moral and mteHigeut forcotl the vlergy,, M. Caprogae has trike the fostanes of this Hinguler buaggost inoportant stnfe st Keagih; wo will d 39 shortl,,.o8 ou appropnute intredigtion to an urticle on the Spieiy of the "twelfth snd Thirteenth Ceoturies, of which the reign of Pol sue hy. aaa, ® 2 Spite of tie Tuell und Thirteanetl Centuries. Phill Augustus is the greyt cenye, and during which tf reéults He of the two or three ae atures a i them- Selves in the shape of respi can Sv The als of thie vi Cmoviugianstare filled ih the yourrels artd mutual ts of tht waitjars and Be a the one operated by the i . re of the land oF His trealifer of reathedrale and monasteries; the others i] ged pero by licty aud excomn Honger at he tonth centurphe trinmph of the, Church may be codgidered complete, Its advantages We ite tnd ure wbyions: iifwas & regular institution, possessed & formal hicrurchy, cqysAeiated forins, « written cole, iovwriable makin: it pursued w given card with onder avd perueveranco, The armed feudality, ou the other Anand, was but a confused arars of ivolated forcea—-a government witht a common object, yometimart ppatedl te resist, some tinea to sutcumh. What it gagp'geby Hts violeue it lost by its uncertainty. Whag fscendanty #ould the maikd baron preserve, whole the evening was eetu plundering a monastery, aud the uest [prostrate at the foot uf the altar, de: jandon of holy vo for his offences ageinat«€od, pious rechuves ‘with prosents imespiation of his sin? Opposed biin and his physical force were the (urrilorial gud nouachal clergs, the bighops aud their eudfragaty, the secular privsts abd the different orders of mmadkes hofning their rights from the pope, whose abvalute juris. Sybian ry pa ly half of thegtertitarsof Roman Gayl belouged to the ‘alegy of the monastefirw and the cathedrals; fn glditien tetwhich they reaped the zenth of the productions of Mother all, with. out the exceptidh ef royal dowsil, baroatal castle, or scr age. Besides fhe inflgodee of riches, the clers> posseased fhe jpreernre eP supesing fotruction, ‘Thetlitde Liowledge, afloat Hp bee et of he setered phen uf sone dsbgaved t ity fhe Gaditions of sacred ani yyrafunef ltexstgre, “Limy alone: row or write: they w -cessity it ogy ‘castle of Franc werain to the Jeast vassal, all hd their chup- tain (» draw up their deeds, to recite the breviary, or enfiveithe long nights of winter with some tale ot legendbaf chivalry. ‘They wore eqraulied on all domestic affaits,fud they had contyiyed to ‘counéet almost every agp.of life. with zeligious offices oj moe ‘The Chrstian Gaith ofMtieeteidale neg oon pols. theism, the deities of which were iz continual telat with mina Mint The eatatogue of the ghurch of Cluny othibis 3s of cleveh thonsind ints, habitually invoked ‘by the peopté.” The imyugpic power of the Chureh was preserved i a spititof unity Spinit of the Faoelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, 2 by the B -qubot assembly of boil general and provinesitedumoda, in whielloe clerka deliberated upon the prenns of maintaining the Burl of shetrine,or of consolidating the authority of the Chureh, ‘vom ik iwollth century ‘o the thirteenth the great collection 6? the Péré Labbe containgsour general couccila, iu which all Ne Bishoa; of Christendom were asvembled to the azanber of 1; 7 of a plousand, and dee hundred and sevedteen particular ob provingial councils, in which the neocesities of Shs local churchos wore deliberated upon satd ‘provided for by the bishops ind pre- Tates of the utighbomhood. {In fact, before we arsive at the gpd of ths clevanth ceutary, wo find that the Church bad become tha unique sowsce, of afl social existence. From it every thing flowed, the mural aad intellectuul order of men’s wess.ssore founded on its doctrines, itserved’ active and roguinr euthasity 1\conty’ rational forms oflogal ji diction were established by it; i short, nothing existed out‘of pale but brutal and unorgastized force; witith could not "ong ‘oppose any effective 1esistanee, and which was diagraced by every attenfpt it made against ga authority sucted in the eyes of all At this poriod Europe may be considered de 9 great eeligious federative republic, governed by n clerical aristocracy, consisting of tht Hishop of Rome fbr its president, and the rest of the bishops of Christeudom, their suffragane, theic canone, and thononks Hut the Church itsalf wav destined to undesgo it} révolutich : the bishops of Rome set forth their pretensions os Erne spire: monarchs placed by God on earth; the famous Hildebrun (Gre- ry VL) first estubiished thie maxim, ‘The Chureh then lost its fibgrak form of government by councils, end assumed on aspect altogether monaretical : us revoluuan was ia propress from the pontificate of Gregory VIL to that of Inuocent IIL. ‘The pope thealtbecame the only visible organ of ghq Ohurch ; and as it had Broviously become the unique source off power andjnfluence, it Waturally followed that the pouGM maintiitied 4 sort oPuwdivereay maparchy over all the princed and people of Ghristendie;“a5.. daring the period which forms the subject'of the work"Lefore us, the proof ofthis antority are dep}! by the illeren popes in 4 mnaueatr not to be misnnderstood, We Testa gianep. Nhe canperor Henty 1¥2 ou) ation; and ‘y the tong pontificate of Fanoceut LLL, contemporary with a great port of the reign of Philip-Augustus, wo find thie Pope tecommanicaing the king puting the kingdom ver nx interdict, proclaiming himself suzerain of England, and, ia short,