The foot and ankle

825 Pages·2013·77.233 MB·English

by  Kitaoka, Harold B

Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery®
The Foot
and Ankle
Third Edition
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Master t echniques in Orth Opaedic surgery ®
Editor-in-Chief
Bernard F. Morrey, Md
Founding Editor
r oby c. t hompson Jr, Md
Volume Editors
Fractures
donald a. Wiss, Md
Knee Arthroplasty
paul Lotke, Md
Jess h. Lonner, Md
Orthopaedic Oncology and Complex Reconstruction
Franklin h. sim, Md
peter F.M. choong, Md
Kristy L. Weber, Md
Pediatrics
Vernon t. tolo, Md
david L. skaggs, Md
Relevant Surgical Exposures
Bernard F. Morrey, Md
Matthew c. Morrey, Md
Reconstructive Knee Surgery
douglas W. Jackson, Md
Soft Tissue Surgery
steven L. Moran, Md
William p. cooney iii, Md
Sports Medicine
Freddie h. Fu, Md
The Elbow
Bernard F. Morrey, Md
The Foot and Ankle
harold B. Kitaoka, Md
The Hand
James strickland, Md
t homas graham, Md
The Hip
r obert L. Barrack, Md
The Shoulder
edward V. craig, Md
The Spine
david s. Bradford, Md
t homas a. Zdeblick, Md
The Wrist
r ichard h. gelberman, Md
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Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery®
The Foot
and Ankle
Third Edition
Harold B. Kitaoka, MD
Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
Mayo Medical School
Head, Foot and Ankle Section
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Illustrator
Deborah Ravin
Phoenix, Arizona
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
the foot and ankle / [edited by] harold B. Kitaoka. — 3rd ed.
p. ; cm. — (Master techniques in orthopaedic surgery)
includes bibliographical references and index.
isBn 978-1-60547-674-2
i. Kitaoka, harold B. ii. series: Master techniques in orthopaedic surgery.
[dn LM: 1. Foot—surgery. 2. achilles tendon—surgery. 3. ankle—surgery. 4. Foot deformities—
surgery. 5. Foot Joints—surgery. 6. Orthopedic procedures—methods. We 880]
617.5'85059—dc23
2012044378
care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally
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or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To the contributors to this volume—superb surgeons
and educators willing to share their expertise.
To our orthopedic surgery mentors, past and present
To our families, who support us and understand the
value of this endeavor
To the memory of my late mother, Shizu Kitaoka,
and to my father, Hiroo Kitaoka.
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Contributors
Samuel B. Adams Jr, MD Timothy J. Bray, MD
assistant professor r eno Orthopaedic clinic
department of Orthopaedic surgery r eno, nevada
duke university Medical center
durham, north carolina James Brodsky, MD
clinical professor of Orthopaedic surgery
Benjamin P. Amis, MD university of t exas southwestern
senior r esident Medical school
department of Orthopaedics and sports Medicine director, Foot and ankle surgery
university of Washington Fellowship program
seattle, Washington Baylor university Medical center
dallas, t exas
Robert B. Anderson, MD
chief, Foot and ankle service Nathan Bruck, MD
carolinas Medical center instructor, attending Orthopaedic surgeon
Orthocarolina Foot and ankle institute sheba Medical center
charlotte, north carolina t el-hashomer, israel
Timothy C. Beals, MD Jason Calhoun, MD, FACS
associate professor of Orthopaedics professor and interim chair
university of utah school of Medicine department of Orthopaedics
salt Lake city, utah chief, division of Musculoskeletal infection
chief, division of Foot and ankle
Ágnes Berta, MD, MSc director, Orthopaedic r esearch
consultant surgeon Wexner Medical center
department of t raumatology Ohio state university college of Medicine
semmelweis university columbus, Ohio
Budapest, hungary
John T. Campbell, MD
Arup K. Bhadra, MD, MRCS, MSc chief, division of Foot and ankle surgery
Fellow, sports Medicine Johns hopkins Bayview Medical center
Methodist sports Medical center Orthopaedic surgeon
indiana university school of Medicine institute for Foot and ankle r econstruction
indianapolis, indiana at Mercy
Baltimore, Maryland
Eric M. Bluman, MD, PhD
Christopher Chiodo, MD
Medical director and director of r esearch
Brigham and Women’s Foot and ankle center chief, Foot and ankle service
assistant professor of surgery Brigham and Women’s and Faulkner
uniformed services university of the health sciences hospitals
assistant professor of Orthopaedics clinical instructor
harvard Medical school harvard Medical school
Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts
vii
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viii Contributors
Michael Coughlin, MD László Hangody, MD, PhD, DSc
director, idaho Foot and ankle Fellowship professor, head of department
t he coughlin clinic at st. alphonsus r egional department of t raumatology
Medical center semmelweis university
Boise, idaho Budapest, hungary
Xan Courville, MD Sigvard T. Hansen Jr, MD
department of Orthopaedics professor emeritus
essentia health duluth department of Orthopaedics and sports Medicine
duluth, Minnesota university of Washington
seattle, Washington
Diane L. Dahm, MD
associate professor of Orthopedics James R. Hebl, MD
department of Orthopedic surgery associate professor of anesthesiology
Mayo clinic Mayo clinic
r ochester, Minnesota r ochester, Minnesota
W. Hodges Davis, MD Beat Hintermann, MD
director, Foot and ankle institute associate professor
carolinas Medical center department of Orthopaedic surgery
Orthocarolina Foot and ankle institute university of Basel
charlotte, north carolina chairman, clinic for Orthopaedics and t raumatology at
Kantonsspital Liestal
James DeOrio, MD Liestal, switzerland
associate professor
co-director Foot and ankle Fellowship program Kenneth J. Hunt, MD
duke university Medical center assistant professor
durham, north carolina department of Orthopaedic surgery
stanford university
David J. Dixon, MD r edwood city, california
northeast Orthopaedics, LLc
albany, new york Adam K. Jacob, MD
assistant professor of anesthesiology
John S. Early, MD Mayo clinic
clinical professor r ochester, Minnesota
university of t exas southwestern Medical center
t exas Orthopaedic associates, LLp
Ari Kaz, MD
dallas, t exas
Orthopedic Foot and ankle surgeon
illinois Bone and Joint institute
Mark E. Easley, MD
chicago, illinois
associate professor
department of Orthopaedic surgery
John P. Ketz, MD
duke university Medical center
durham, north carolina assistant professor of Orthopaedics
university of r ochester Medical center school of Medicine
and dentistry
Robin R. Elliot, FRCS (Tr and Orth)
r ochester, new york
Fellow, Foot and ankle surgery
Brisbane Foot and ankle centre
Brisbane, australia Harold B. Kitaoka, MD
professor of Orthopedic surgery
Gregory P. Guyton, MD Mayo Medical school
department of Orthopaedic surgery head, Foot and ankle section
greater chesapeake Orthopaedic associates, LLc department of Orthopedic surgery
Baltimore, Maryland Mayo clinic
r ochester, Minnesota
William G. Hamilton, MD
clinical professor of Orthopaedic surgery Markus Knupp, MD
columbia university college of physicians and surgeons senior attending r esident
st. Luke’s – r oosevelt hospital center and Orthopedic clinic of Orthopaedic surgery
associates of new york Kantonsspital Liestal
new york, new york Liestal, switzerland
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Contributors ix
Sandra L. Kopp, MD Brent K. Ogawa, MD
assistant professor of anesthesiology Orthopedic surgeon
Mayo clinic Kaiser permanente south Bay
r ochester, Minnesota Medical center
harbor city, california
Gregory A. Lundeen, MD
r eno Orthopaedic clinic Kirstina M. Olson, MD
r eno, nevada assistant professor
chief, Foot and ankle division
Roger A. Mann, MD department of Orthopaedic surgery
director, Foot and ankle Fellowship university of california san Francisco
private practice Orthopaedic institute
Oakland, california san Francisco, california
Jeffrey A. Mann, MD Justin Orr, MD
co-director, Foot and ankle Fellowship division of Orthopaedic surgery
private practice William Beaumont army Medical center
Oakland, california el paso, t exas
Arthur Manoli II, MD Paul G. Peters, MD
Michigan international Foot and ankle center Orthopedic surgeon
st. Joseph Mercy hospital – Oakland Bone & Joint surgeons, inc.
pontiac, Michigan dayton, Ohio
Andrew L. Merritt, MD Michael S. Pinzur, MD
department of Orthopaedics and sports Medicine professor of Orthopaedic surgery
university of Washington Medical center Loyola university Medical center
seattle, Washington Maywood, illinois
James D. Michelson, MD David A. Porter, MD
professor of Orthopaedic surgery director, r esearch and education
department of Orthopaedics and r ehabilitation Methodist sports Medicine center
university of Vermont college of Medicine Foot and ankle consultant
Medical informaticist indianapolis colts
Fletcher allen health care purdue university – indiana university
Burlington, Vermont indianapolis, indiana
Stuart D. Miller, MD David R. Richardson, MD
Foot and ankle Orthopedic surgeon assistant professor
department of Orthopaedic surgery department of Orthopaedic surgery and Biomedical
union Memorial hospital engineering
Baltimore, Maryland university of t ennessee – campbell clinic
Memphis, t ennessee
G. Andrew Murphy, MD
Scott Riester, MD
co-director of Foot and ankle Fellowship
assistant professor, department of Orthopaedic senior r esident
surgery and Biomedical engineering department of Orthopedic surgery
university of t ennessee – campbell clinic Mayo clinic
Medical director, campbell surgery center r ochester, Minnesota
germantown, t ennessee
Raoul P. Rodriguez, MD
Florian Nickisch, MD chairman and professor of Orthopaedic
assistant professor of Orthopaedics surgery
university of utah school of Medicine t ulane university school of Medicine
salt Lake city, utah new Orleans, Louisiana
James A. Nunley II, MD Michael M. Romash, MD
professor and chairman sports Medicine and Orthopedic center, inc.
department of Orthopaedic surgery Orthopaedic Foot and ankle center of
duke university Medical center hampton r oads
durham, north carolina chesapeake, Virginia
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x Contributors
Charles L. Saltzman, MD James W. Stone, MD
professor and chairman assistant clinical professor of Orthopedic surgery
department of Orthopaedic surgery Medical college of Wisconsin
university of utah school of Medicine Milwaukee, Wisconsin
salt Lake city, utah
Nicholas L. Strasser, MD
Vincent J. Sammarco, MD senior r esident
director, Fellowship in r econstructive Foot department of Orthopedic surgery
and ankle surgery Mayo clinic
r econstructive Orthopaedics & sports Medicine, inc. r ochester Minnesota
cincinnati, Ohio
David Thordarson, MD
Roy W. Sanders, MD professor
chief, department of Orthopaedics department of surgery
director, Fellowship in Orthopedic t rauma division of Orthopedics
t ampa general hospital cedars sinai Medical center
Florida Orthopaedic institute Beverly hills, california
t ampa, Florida
Brian C. Toolan, MD
Bruce J. Sangeorzan, MD professor of Orthopaedic surgery
professor and Vice chair r esidency program director
department of Orthopaedics and sports Medicine director, Foot and ankle service
university of Washington university of chicago Medical center
chief of Orthopaedics chicago, illinois
harborview Medical center
seattle, Washington Hans-Joerg Trnka, MD
university professor
Terence S. Saxby, MBBS, FRACS head of Foot and ankle unit
Orthopaedic surgeon Orthopaedic hospital speising
Brisbane Foot and ankle centre Vienna, austria
Brisbane, australia
Keith L. Wapner, MD
Michael K. Shindle, MD clinical professor of Orthopaedic surgery
Orthopedic surgeon director, Foot and ankle Fellowship
summit Medical group university of pennsylvania school of Medicine
Morristown, new Jersey adjunct professor of Orthopaedic surgery drexel college
of Medicine
Lew C. Schon, MD philadelphia, pennsylvania
director, Foot and ankle services
department of Orthopaedic surgery Lowell Scott Weil Sr, DPM
union Memorial hospital chairman and director
Baltimore, Maryland Weil Foot & ankle institute
des plaines, illinois
Reinhard Schuh, MD
department of Orthopaedics Lowell Weil Jr, DPM, MBA
Vienna general hospital president and Fellowship director
Medical university of Vienna Weil Foot & ankle institute
Vienna, austria des plaines, illinois
Lex A. Simpson, MD
Orthopedic surgeon
r eno Orthopaedic clinic
r eno, nevada
Bertil W. Smith, MD
assistant clinical professor
chief, Foot and ankle surgery
department of Orthopaedic surgery
university of california, san diego
san diego, california
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