The Fluid City Paradigm: Waterfront Regeneration as an Urban Renewal Strategy PDF
Preview The Fluid City Paradigm: Waterfront Regeneration as an Urban Renewal Strategy
UNIPA Springer Series Maurizio Carta Daniele Ronsivalle Editors The Fluid City Paradigm Waterfront Regeneration as an Urban Renewal Strategy UNIPA Springer Series Editor-in-chief Carlo Amenta, Dept. of Economics, Management and Statistics Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy Series editors Sebastiano Bavetta, Dept. of Economics, University of Palermo, Italy Calogero Caruso, Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Palermo, Italy Gioacchino Lavanco, Dept. of Psychology, University of Palermo, Italy Bruno Maresca, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Italy Andreas Öchsner, Dept. of Engineering and Information Technology, Griffith University, Australia Mariacristina Piva, Dept. of Economic and Social Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy Roberto Pozzi Mucelli, Dept. of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy Antonio Restivo, Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Italy Norbert M. Seel, Dept. of Education, University of Freiburg, Germany Gaspare Viviani, Dept. of Engineering, University of Palermo, Italy More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13175 Maurizio Carta Daniele Ronsivalle (cid:129) Editors The Fluid City Paradigm Waterfront Regeneration as an Urban Renewal Strategy 123 Editors Maurizio Carta Daniele Ronsivalle University of Palermo University of Palermo Palermo Palermo Italy Italy ISSN 2366-7516 ISSN 2366-7524 (electronic) UNIPA SpringerSeries ISBN978-3-319-28003-5 ISBN978-3-319-28004-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28004-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015960220 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface ThisbookisaresultoftheapplicationoftheFluidCityProtocoltoSicilyandMalta coastal areas regeneration in the project called “Water And Territorial policiEs for integRation oF multisectoRial develOpmeNT” (in acronym WATERFRONT), funded by the Italia-Malta Operative Programme 2007–2013. The project (completed in 2013) aimed to define common guidelines, strategies andoperationaltoolsforplanningcoastalareas,basedoncross-borderexchangeof experiences in Malta–Sicily for the dissemination of good practices in order to harmonize both the technical planning andpolitical visions, thereby improvingthe conditions for the conservation, transformation, and development of the coastal tracts of the provinces of Trapani and Palermo and Malta. The strengthening oftheinfrastructuralnodesandtheirfunctional,urbanandsocialconnectiontothe territories enhance the development of effective policies and programmes able to build a strategic platform that unifies the islands in the Mediterranean area. Theexchangeofexperiencesandthedisseminationofgoodpracticesamongthe partners involved (University of Malta, University of Palermo and Local Authorities) improved techniques ofterritorial planning and evaluation at national, regional and local levels and improved the ability to apply environmental policies and programmes for risk prevention. Theevaluationandinterpretationofinterventions alreadydoneandtheanalysis of risks and opportunities offered by dynamic transformations of the waterfront, alreadyactivatedinPalermo,TrapaniandthenortherncoastofMaltaIslandwasthe beginning of the project, representing itself as a model for all of the border of the Mediterranean. The result of the project contains three active scenarios for Malta, TrapaniandPalermo,inwhicheverysiteperformsaspecificapproachtowaterfront regeneration;however,everytransborderexperimentalsiteistherepresentationofa specific reality about waterfront. The first is the northern coast of the Malta Island in which urban development opportunities define a context of integration between early cities and new settle- ments. The second is the periurban coast of Trapani that contains high natural qualities, but the natural heritage is not put to correct use, in respect of nature and v vi Preface history. The third is the south coast of Palermo from the historic centre until Termini Imerese. This reality produces a conflicting context among city, nature, infrastructures and metropolitan services. The Waterfront Project was an opportu- nity to exchange approaches between Sicily and Malta about this conflictual situation,producingsomesolutionsabletotransformthepotentialconflictinareal cooperation. The book explains the methodological framework of Fluid City Paradigm, explains in what way the Waterfront Theorem becomes a working framework and analyses some case studies of urban transformations able to demonstrate the need for a paradigm shift. The last section is an atlas of European practices useful to create new tracks for creative and sustainable development offluid cities after the metamorphosis. Maurizio Carta Daniele Ronsivalle Contents The Fluid City Paradigm: A Deeper Innovation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Maurizio Carta Waterfronts and Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Nadia Theuma The Waterfront Theorem: An Integrated and Creative Planning Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Maurizio Carta Harbourscape: Between Specialization and Public Space. . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Michelangelo Russo Waterfront Projects in Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Rosario Pavia From the Harbour to the City. The Process of Urban Renewal in Trapani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Alessandra Badami An Atlas of the Mediterranean Waterfronts: An Instrument for Knowledge and Direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Daniele Ronsivalle Waterfront and Transformation in Contexts of Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Barbara Lino Definition of the Precincts and Instruments for Shared and Harmonised Planning of Waterfront Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Daniele Gagliano The Fluid City Experience: An Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Daniele Ronsivalle vii The Fluid City Paradigm: A Deeper Innovation Maurizio Carta Abstract The Waterfront regeneration needs to be upgraded by a paradigm shift able to produce a deeper innovation of visions, methods and tools. The chapter, startingfromthecreativecityparadigm,andthroughnewpointsofviewaboutport citiesandseasidecontexts,proposesnewwaystoapplytheurbanregenerationand renewal of disused areas in harbour contexts. The principles of the fluid city paradigm are declined in a “Manifesto” that explains how coastal urban compo- nents can contribute to a new fluidity and porosity of cities. 1 Planning Gateway Cities in the Age of Metamorphosis Waterfront regeneration needs to be disruptive: a paradigm shift and a deeper innovationofmethodsandtoolsmustbesetupinordertoactinthechangingtimes we live. In current global crisis—a true metamorphosis—the strong flows of financial, social and relational capitals that powered regeneration of urban water- fronts over the last twenty years are no longer available to be tapped in an indis- criminate manner as was the case until just a few years ago. The most dynamic cities in the future will no longer be those that are able to attract big projects and richinvestorsdrivenbytherealestatemarketorleisure-baseddevelopment,butthe cities have deep socio-cultural diversity and are able to use it as the basis for creating new urban cultures, open and flexible, for activating identity resources in branding design and for generating new circular economic values (Begg 2002). Revitalising urban waterfront is no longer easy opportunity for long-term invest- ments or for using the financial capital gains of corporation or hedge funds, but a M.Carta(&) UniversityofPalermo,Palermo,Italy e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 1 M.CartaandD.Ronsivalle(eds.),TheFluidCityParadigm, UNIPASpringerSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-28004-2_1 2 M.Carta more creative-driven port city has to provide precious opportunities for real development—notonlyquantitativebutmoreandmorequalitative—thatisableto produceeffectsinboththedomainofcollectiveassetsandthatofprivatecapitals,in both thedomainoflandscapeandthatofeconomies,inboth thedomainofleisure and that of resilience. Waterfront regeneration has to intercept in a proactive way the creative city theory(Landry 2000)anditsrecentupgrade.Someyears ago,Iidentifiedtheneed for concrete evolution of creative city paradigm and pointed out the factors that make it possible for urban creativity to become a sustainable engine for new economiesandacreativeforceforrenewingcitiesandnotsimplyanattractiveforce for intellectual resources (Carta 2007). Today, in the age of transition towards a de-carbonisedeconomy,theparadigmofcreativecitycallsforathirdevolutiveleap forwardbecauseitiscapableofproducingnewproductiveandregenerativeeffects on sustainable urban development. The Creative City 3.0 (Carta 2009) is therefore nolongersimplyainterpretativecategoryamongeconomistsandsociologistsoran urban planning challenge, but rather calls on decision-makers to take action and demands a vigorous commitment on the part of town planners and architects. Because the development of nations and wellbeing of the community will only be measuredaccordingtothecitiesthattacklethefinancialandclimateglobalchange in a creative manner: reimagining urbanism (Carta 2014). The City 600 Report (McKinsey Global Institute 2011) demonstrates that urban century is not filled by only hyper-cities, but also shows the emergence of intermediate metropolises, widespread conurbations and networks of medium-sized cities, especially in Europe.Inthenetworkedworldtheglobalcitiesaresupportingbymiddlecities,the “small capitals” that produce alternative visions—founded on quality, powered by cultureanddrivenbyresilience—tothatoftheexplosionofmegalopolises.Coastal medium size cities founded by being the gateways of the water-based urban net- work, liquid doors of more reticular territorial contexts. One commitment that cannot be ignored by decision-makers and managers, plannersanddesigners,promotersandcommunicators,entrepreneursandinvestors, will be to create dynamic, vibrant and sustainable cities that generate new urban values and multiply the invested capital inside a more self-sufficient scenario (Pricewaterhouse Coopers 2006). These cities must be places people wanttoliveandimagine,workandproduce,educateandtraininandgettoknow. Cities—in particular those port—must once again productive places that attract people and investments, ideas and finances. IntheUrbanAge we areentered, theambitionsofmen andwomen,thedesires oftheyounggenerationsandtheirtensions,themotivationsoftheproductiveclass and the imagination of the creative class, and knowledge-related activities are new structural factors in constructing a more sustainable development (Urban Age Group 2006), less consumer and more generative. However, the city is not merely thesub-stratumofhumansettlement,butinitselfitpromotesthecreationofplaces of creativity, which produce more urban quality. A large number of cities are engaged in a process of creative self-stimulation (favouring the location of
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