The FIVES strategy for reading comprehension

201 Pages·2016·14.233 MB·English

by  Roberts, Nancy, Shea, Mary

The
F I V E S
Strategy for
Reading
Comprehension

The
F I V E S
Strategy for
Reading
Comprehension
MARY SHEA
NANCY ROBERTS
Copyright © 2016 by Learning Sciences International
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933581
Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data
provided by Five Rainbows Cataloging Services
Names: Shea, Mary. | Roberts, Nancy-Jill.
Title: The FIVES strategy for reading comprehension / Mary Shea [and] Nancy-Jill Roberts.
Description: West Palm Beach, FL : Learning Sciences, 2016. | Includes bibliographical
references.
Identifiers: ISBN 978-1-943920-01-3 (pbk.) | ISBN 978-1-943920-04-4 (EPUB)
Subjects: LCSH: Reading comprehension--Study and teaching. | Literacy. | Effective teaching. |
Common Core State Standards (Education) | Education--Standards--United States. |
BISAC: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Reading Skills. | EDUCATION /
Teaching Methods & Materials / Reading & Phonics. | EDUCATION / Teaching Methods
& Materials / Language Arts. | EDUCATION / Standards.
Classification: LCC LB1050.45 .S52 2016 (print) | LCC LB1050.45 (ebook) | DDC
372.47--dc23.
This book is dedicated to all educators whose professional
lives truly reflect service to others.
—Mary Shea
This book is dedicated to my husband, Joe, for the support
and encouragement he has always provided me.
—Nancy Roberts

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1
The FIVES Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Components of FIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Rationale for FIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Connection to the Common Core State Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The FIVES Path to Full Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Whole to Part and Back to Whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 2
F Is for Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Teaching FIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Understanding the Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Creating a Lesson Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
vii
viii THE FIVES STRATEGY FOR READING COMPREHENSION
Chapter 3
I Is for Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Inferring in Daily Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Making an Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Creating Thick Prompts for Supported Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Selecting Evidence and Phrasing Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Meeting Common Core State Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Creating a Lesson Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter 4
V Is for Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Determining Tiers of Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Learning Words in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Examining Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Selecting Words for Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Examining Context for Meaning Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Using Resources for Word Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Creating Thick Prompts for Word Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Defining a Word’s Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Using Words Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Meeting Common Core State Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Creating a Lesson Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Chapter 5
E Is for Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Understanding the Personal Nature of Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Using Discussion to Enhance Learning and Build Community . . . . . . . . 104
Creating Thick Prompts for Relevant Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Providing Evidence for Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table of Contents ix
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Creating a Lesson Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Chapter 6
S Is for Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Distinguishing a Well-Constructed Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Creating Thick Prompts for Effective Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Meeting Common Core State Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Creating a Lesson Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Chapter 7
From FIVES to Integrated Response Essay (IRE) . . . . . . 137
Examining the Prompt: Question or Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Reviewing Notes From FIVES Completed on a Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Getting Started: Using the Question or Petition to Set the Course . . . . . . 139
Integrating Components of FIVES Effectively Across Paragraphs . . . . . . . 144
Writing Memorable Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Effectively Using Traits for Good Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Working With Intervention Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Working With ELLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Meeting Common Core State Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175