The First World Empire. Portugal, War and Military Revolution PDF
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THE FIRST WORLD EMPIRE This book offers a comprehensive overview of the early modern military history of Portugal and its possessions in Africa, the Americas, and Asia from the perspective of the military revolution historiographical debate. The existence of a military revolution in the early modern period has been much debated in international historiography, and this volume fills a significant gap in its relation to the history of Portugal and its overseas empire. It examines different forms of military change in specifically Portuguese case studies but also adopts a global perspective through the analysis of different contexts and episodes in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Contributors explore whether there is evidence of what could be defined as aspects of a military revolution or whether other explanatory models are needed to account for different forms of military change. In this way, it offers the reader a variety of perspectives that contribute to the debate over the applicability of the military revolution concept to Portugal and its empire during the early modern period. Broken down into four thematic parts and broad in both chronological and geographical scope, the book deepens our understanding of the art of warfare in Portugal and its empire and demonstrates how the military revolution debate can be used to examine military change in a global perspective. This is an essential text for scholars and students of military history, military architecture, global history, Asian history, and the history of Iberian empires. Hélder Carvalhal is a researcher at the Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Culture and Societies (CIDEHUS), University of Évora. He is a PhD candidate in early modern history at the Inter-University Doctoral Programme in History (PIUDHist), between Évora and Lisbon. He is interested in global economic and social history since the 1500s. He has published in journals such as Gender & History and Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History. André Murteira is a researcher at Centre for the Humanities – CHAM (FCSH, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa). His MA dissertation was the basis for his published book A Carreira da Índia e o Corso Neerlandês, 1595–1625 (2012). He has published in journals such as the Journal of Military History. He is interested in the history of Dutch-Iberian conflicts outside of Europe in the seventeenth century. Roger Lee de Jesus is a researcher at Centre for the Humanities – CHAM (FCSH, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa). He is a PhD candidate at the University of Coimbra interested in the history of Portuguese presence in Asia, from political to military history, especially in the implementation of European institutions and warfare in the Portuguese Estado da Índia (sixteenth century). Warfare and History General Editor: Jeremy Black European Warfare in a Global Context, 1660–1815 Jeremy Black Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700 Brian L. Davies War in the Modern World Jeremy Black Israel’s Wars A History since 1947, 4th edition Ahron Bregman The Spanish Civil War A Military History Charles J. Esdaile Military Thought of Asia From the Bronze Age to the Information Age Kaushik Roy The First World Empire Portugal, War and Military Revolution Edited by Hélder Carvalhal, André Murteira and Roger Lee de Jesus For more information, or to place orders visit Routledge, Warfare and History www.routledge.com/Warfare-and-History/book-series/SE0417 THE FIRST WORLD EMPIRE Portugal, War and Military Revolution Edited by Hélder Carvalhal, André Murteira and Roger Lee de Jesus First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Hélder Carvalhal, André Murteira, and Roger Lee de Jesus; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Hélder Carvalhal, André Murteira, and Roger Lee de Jesus to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. With the exception of Chapter 7, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Chapter 7 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 licence. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-367-36550-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-36548-6 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-34696-5 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC CONTENTS List of Illustrations x Preface xii Acknowledgements xviii Notes on contributors xix Introduction 1 PART 1 Fortifications and military revolution 11 1 Negotiating early modernity in Azemmour, Morocco: military architecture in transition 13 Ana Lopes and Jorge Correia 2 Early modern fortification: the Portuguese experience and engineer education 34 Margarida Tavares da Conceição and Renata Malcher de Araujo 3 Military engineers, the military revolution, and the defence of Portugal, 1640–68 51 Lorraine White viii Contents PART 2 Sizes of the armies and the rise of the fiscal state 67 4 Army size, state expenditure, and warfare culture in sixteenth-century Portugal 69 Hélder Carvalhal 5 Was there an early modern military revolution in mainland Portugal? 86 Fernando Dores Costa 6 “Small government or big government?” Assessing state expansion in the war for colonial Brazil 104 Miguel Dantas da Cruz PART 3 Tradition and innovation in warfare 119 7 Transformation of military technology in Portugal: the impact of the Iberian Union on artillery 121 Brice Cossart 8 Portuguese military expeditions to Southeast Asia, 1597–1606 137 André Murteira 9 Reassessing Portuguese military superiority in Asia in the sixteenth century – the case of land warfare 152 Roger Lee de Jesus PART 4 Cultural exchange and circulation of military knowledge 167 10 The Portuguese conquest of Angola in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (1575–1641): a military revolution in West Central Africa? 169 Miguel Geraldes Rodrigues Contents ix 11 Suppliers, knowledge brokers, and brothers in arms: Portuguese aspects of military innovation in Makassar 186 Tristan Mostert 12 Military innovation and intrastate warfare: Portuguese artillery and sieges during the Wokou raids of the mid-sixteenth century 206 Barend Noordam 13 The military revolution in global history: East Asian perspectives 223 Tonio Andrade Bibliography 239 Index 266
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