The final FRCR : complete revision notes

489 Pages·2018·17.82 MB·English

by  Helyar

The Final FRCR
Complete Revision Notes

The Final FRCR
Complete Revision Notes
Vincent Helyar and Aidan Shaw
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Contents
Foreword vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction xi
Authors xiii
1 Cardiothoracic and Vascular 1
Cardiovascular 1
Respiratory 16
2 Musculoskeletal 61
General musculoskeletal 61
Paediatrics 103
MSK tumours 130
3 Gastrointestinal 151
Gastrointestinal tract 151
Peritoneum and mesentery 190
Liver 193
Pancreas 228
Spleen 237
Abdominal aids 241
4 Genitourinary, Adrenal, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Breast 245
Urinary tract 245
Adrenal glands 267
Gynaecology 270
Male genital tract 277
Breast 281
5 Paediatrics 287
Central nervous system 287
ENT and orbits 307
Cardiovascular 310
Respiratory 319
vi Contents
Miscellaneous 330
Gastrointestinal 333
Genitourinary 349
6 Central Nervous System, Head and Neck 361
Trauma 361
Cerebrovascular disease 365
Miscellaneous central nervous system disease 380
Basics of brain tumours 385
Intra-axial tumours 389
Extra-axial tumours 397
Congenital intracerebral lesions 407
CNS infection 408
Demyelinating disease 417
Leukodystrophy 421
Metabolic disorders 423
Degenerative disorders 423
Head and neck 425
Ear 431
Thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands 433
Orbits 436
Mandible and maxilla 441
Spine 443
Cord 446
Index 457
Foreword
The transition from the FRCR Part 1 to FRCR Part 2 is always a challenge. The first part
of the examination demands encyclopaedic knowledge of several subjects. Although
understanding is important, there is no getting away from the fact that in order to pass
this examination a candidate needs to extensively read and absorb many details. Part
2 is very different—although wide reading and extensive knowledge would help, this
examination is mainly a test of a candidate’s ability to use his or her knowledge to make
appropriate clinical diagnoses and management decisions.
Many candidates find it difficult to switch from ‘MCQ mode’ to the pragmatic and
sensible approach required for the second part of the FRCR examination. Although there
is no substitute for clinical practice for making this necessary transition, this excellent
book by Dr. Aidan Shaw and Dr. Vincent Helyar will help FRCR Part 2 candidates to
focus on real clinical issues in a sensible way and to think like practising radiologists
in real clinical situations. It adopts a succinct, accessible style peppered with the kind
of pertinent points which trainees usually only pick up as they move through a sub-
specialty. Plain radiographs and cross-sectional imaging examinations of excellent
quality are annotated clearly and are accompanied by the main differential diagnoses
presented in a format that is easy to read and memorise.
I anticipate that the book will be used as an adjunct to major textbooks for the
purposes of revision, and as a self-testing aid as the examination approaches. It is
enjoyable to read and easy to use, and its authors can take pride in a challenging task
extremely well accomplished.
Andreas Adam, CBE
Professor of Interventional Radiology
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK

Acknowledgements
I dedicate this book to my family, my wife Sinéad and my daughters Clara and Elizabeth
for their love and support. I am very grateful to my parents for giving me my love of
words and to my mother for the inspiration to write.
Vincent Helyar
I would like to dedicate this book to my amazing wife Juliette and my son Edward
for their continuing love, support and understanding throughout the writing of this
book and my career. I would also like to thank my legendary parents, Bryn and Ozden.
Without their continual love and support, I would not be where I am today.
Aidan Shaw