The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy PDF
Preview The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
TheF ilioque OXFORDS TUDIEISN H ISTORICATLH EOLOGY SeriEedsi tor DaviCd. S teinmeDtuzk,eU niversity EditoBroiaarld IrenBaa ckuUsn,i versdieGt een eve RoberCt.G regSgt,a nfoUrndi versity GeorgMe. M arsdeUnn,i versoifNt oyt rDea me WayneA .M eeksY,a lUen iversity GerhaSradu teRrh,e inisFcrhiee drich-WilhelmsB-oUnnni versitit SusaEn. S chreiUnneirv,e rosfiCt hyi cago JohVna nE ngenU,n iversofiN toyt rDea me GeoffreWya inwrigDhutk,eU niversity RobeLr.tW ilkeUnn,i verosfiV tiyr ginia THE UNACCOMMODATEDC ALVIN THEJ UDAIZINCGA LVIN Studiients h Feo undatoifao Tnh eologTriacdailt ion Sixteenth-DCeebnattuoervsyet rh Mee ssiaPnsiacl ms RichaAr.dM uller G.S ujiPna k THEC ONFESSIONALIZATOIFOH NU MANISM THED EATHO FS CRIPTURAEN DT HER ISEO F INR EFORMATIOGNE RMANY BIBLICASLT UDIES ErikRau mmell MichaCe.lL egaspi THEP LEASUROEF D ISCERNMENT THEF ILIOQUE MarguedrieNt aev ararseT heologian Histoorfay D octriCnoanlt roversy CaroTlh ysell A.E dwarSdi ecienski REFORMATIORNE ADINGOSF THEA POCALYPSE AREY OU ALONEW ISE? GenevZau,r icahn,dW ittenberg Debataebso uCte rtaiinntt hyEe a rlMyo demC hurch IrenBaa ckus SusaEn. S chreiner WRITINGT HEW RONGS EMPIREO F SOULS Womeno ft hOel dT estamaemnotn Bgi blical RobeBretl laramnidnt eh Ceh ristCioamnm onwealth CommentaftroormPs h itlhor outghhRe e formation StefaTnuitai no JohLn. T hompson MARTINB UCER'DSO CTRINEO F JUSTIFICATION THEH UNGRY ARED YING RiformatTihoeno laongdyE arlMyo demI renicism Beggarasn dB ishoipnRs o manC appadocia BriaLnu gioyo SusaRn. H olman CHRISTIAGNR ACEA ND PAGAN VIRTUE RESCUEF ORT HE DEAD TheTh eologiFcoauln datoifAo mnb rosEet'hsi cs TheP osthumSoaulsv atoifNo onn -ChrisitnEi aarnlsy J.W arreSnm ith Christianity KARLSATDTA ND THEO RIGINOSF T HE JeffrAe.yT rumbower EUCHARISTICCO NTROVERSY AFTERC ALVIN A Studiynt hCei rculaotfIi doena s Studiients h Dee velopomfea n Tth eologTircaadli tion AmyN elsoBnu rnett RichaAr.dM uller READINGA UGUSTINIEN T HER EFORMATION THEP OVERTYO F RICHES The FlexiboifIl nitteyl lAeuctthuoarlii nEt uyr ope, StF.r ancoifAs s siRseic onsidered 1500-1620 KennetBha xtWeorl f ArnauSd.Q .V isser REFORMINGM ARY SHAPERSO F ENGLISHC ALVINISM,I66o-1714 ChangiInmga goefst heV irgMianr yi nL utherSaenr mons VariePteyr,s istaenndTc reas,nf ormation oft hSei xteeCnetnht ury DeweDy .W allaJcre., BetKhr eitzer THEB IBLICAL INTERPRETOAFT WIIOLNL IAM TEACHINGT HER EFORMATION OF ALTON MinistaenrdTs h eiMre ssaignBe a se1l5,2 9-1629 TimothBye llamOaPh , AmyN elsoBnu rnett MIRACLES ATNHDE P ROTESTANT THE PASSIONOSF CHRISTI NH IGH-MEDIEVAL IMAGINATION THOUGHT The EvangelWiocnadleB ro oikn R eformaGteiromna ny AnE ssaoynC hristological DevelopmentP hilMi.pS oergel KeviMna digan THER EFORMATIOONF S UFFERING GOD'SI RISHMEN PastoTrhaelo laongdyL ayP ieitnyL atMee dieavnadl TheologiDceabla tienCs r omwellian Ireland EarlMyo demG ermany CrawfoGrrdi bben RonalKd.R ittgers REFORMINGS AINTS CHRISTM EETSM E EVERYWHERE SainLti'vsae nsd Th eiAru thorisnG erman1y4,7 0-1530 AugustiEnaer'lFsyi guraEtxievgee sis DaviJd.C ollins MichaCealm eron GREGORYO FN AZIANZUOSN THET RINITAYN D THE KNOWLEDGEO F GOD InY ouLri ghWte S halSle Lei ght ChristoAph.Be ere ley TheF ilioque HistoaofD r oyc tCroinntarlo versy A.E DWARD SIECIENSKI OXFORD UNIVERSITPYR ESS OXFORD UNIVERSITYP RESS OxforUdn iverPsrietsyi ssa d epartmoefnt th eU niverosifOt xyf ord. Itf urthtehreUs n iversoibtjye'csto ifev xec elliennr cees earscchh,o larship, ande ducatbiyop nu blishwionrgl dwide. OxfordN ewY ork AucklanCda peT own Dare sS alaamH ongK ong Karachi KualLau mpurM adridM elbournMee xicCoi tyN airobi NewD elhiS hanghaTia ipeTio ronto Witho ffiicne s ArgentiAnuas triBar aziClh ileC zecRhe publiFcr ancGer eece GuatemalHau ngaryI talJya panP olandP ortugSailn gapore SoutKho reaS witzerlTahnadi lanTdu rkeyU krainVei etnam Oxforidsa r egistterraedmdea rko fO xforUdn iverPsrietsys int heU K andc ertaoitnh ecro untries. Publisihnet dh eU niteSdt atoefAs m eribcya OxforUdn iversPrietsys 198M adisoAnv enuNee,w Y orkN,Y 10016 ©OxfoUrndi verPsrie2tys0 s10 Firissts uaesda nO xforUdn iversPirteysp sa perba2c0k1,3 . Alrli ghrtess ervNeod .p aorftt h ipsu blicamtaiyob ner eproduscteodr,ie nda r etriseyvsatle m, ort ransmititna endyf, o rmo rb ya nym eansw,i thotuhtep ripoerr missiinwo rni tionfOg x ford UniverPsrietsyos r,a se xprespselrym itbtyel da wb,y l icenosrue n,d etre rmasg reweidt thh e approprrieaptreo ducrtiigohontr sg anizaItniqouni.rc ioensc ernrienpgr oducotuitosnit dhees cope oft hea bovseh oulbdes enttot heR ighDtesp artmeOnxtf,o rUdn iverPsrietsys , att hea ddreasbso ve. Youm ustn otc ircutlhaitwseo rkin a nyo thefro rm andy oum usti mposteh issa mec onditoinoa nn ya cquirer. LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation SiecienAs.Ek diw,a r(dA nthoEndyw ard) Thef ilio:qh uies toorfay d octricnoanlt rovIeb ryAs y.E dwarSdi ecienski. p.cm. Includbeisb liograrpehfiecraeln ces. ISBN9 78-0-19·53(7h2a0r4d-c5o 9v7e8r-)0;- 19-99(7p1a8p6e-r2b ack) 1.H olSyp irit-Processiono-fdH oicsttroirIny.Te ist.l e. BT123.2S05049 231'.3-dc22 2009019674 Printientd h eU niteSdt atoefAs m erica ona cid-pfraepee r Preface Jaroslavt hfPemae eldhi iksatnoo,rfd i oagnmo an,cw er ote: Itfh eirases pecciiarolcft l heie ne frndoe scrbiyDb aendt e resefrrovh eids toorfti haengosylt ,ho per inchiopmaelw ork assitgotn hesadut b idsiivoofHn e lfrola tl eatshfiter st seveeroanolsfe termnaiyt ywb eealt lh orosutguohdfa y l l thter ea.ti.dse.ev sot tote hdie n quDioretysh:H e o lSypr iit procfeoremtd h Fea tohnelray sE, a stCehrrni stendom conteonrfdo rsmb, o tthhF ea tahnetdrh Seo nt haLesa tin Churtceha sc?h1e Ir ememrbeeard tihneigas r ilny gmrya dsutaiutedeas n,rd e alize nowt hIast h ouhladvt ea keansa w iatr noifwn hga ltaa yh esahdo uld Ip ursmuyie n teirnte hsheti stooftr hfiyel ioYqeudtee s.p Pietlaein k's admoniItv ioolnu,nc toanrfiimnlyeys de tlof "thHeilfslro "t hbee tter paorftt h nee xdte caidnte h e hoofup nedse rstoannoedfC i hnrgi stian itlyo'nsg aensmdto satc rimodneibeoasut.s WhyT?h eh istoBrairabTnauc rham aonn csea tihdta hte irsne o triicngk e ttsionmge oinnet erehsitseytd-o arolinlnne e eddso i tso tot ealg lo osdt oTrhye. hiosftt hfioelr yi oiqspu eer hoanpoesf t he mositn tersetsotiriniane lgosl fC hristeIintsd uo,lm t.iy ma,at trealgic tailnes omaustc hhe filbieocqautmheese o uracnfedco uosfa s chism betwEeaesantn W de stth haate sn dufrroew de lolv eamr i llennium. And iytea tli asss o t ofirlylw eidt h chaanredav cetntethrwsasot u ld makeev etnhb ee st dramatFiostrtot s e tlhelsen t vooirfotyu h fisel. ioqouneme u stteo lftl h rei asnefd la olfe mpiorfce rsu,s laaduensc hed vi PREFACE anrde peolfhl oelmdye, nw illtiodn ifgero t hfeia tahn,d w oorfl mdelnwy i lling tou sieft ro t heoiwrnp olietnidcsa.l Tos atyh at itnsho se hroer otfma agtee frrois aulca sh t uwdoyu bleds ome thionfg u annd erstastienbmcoeetn ht ,Ga rneLdea kthsia nvssep entbe tthtee r paorftt h lea eslte cveennt uwrriietisino n rgdt eojr u stthiefyri erst pievvciee ws ont hper oceosfts hiHeoo nl Syp iTrhietar.re de o zeonfLs a ttirna wcrtist ten "AgatihnEesr tr otrhsGe r oefe (koCsn"tE rrar oGrrease c,on rotutom )mention thneu merBoyuzsa n"tliinosefLt ast"ei rnr (oers.O gpu.s,c uClounmtF rrnaa coAsl)t.h omuogsahtr h ei gphollye maiicmaaeltnd, o thmionrgte h adne mon stratthihene gr entiactauolrft e h ree liogtihooeutrsh, we orr wkesr lee arned anedl egtarneta btyis soemosefC hristfiroaenmiottshyte' osl oFgrioamn st.h e Eastth ewraesP hotNiiucse,p hBolreumsms y,Gdr eegoofrC yy prNuisl,u s CabasainlGdar se,gP oarlya wmhaistl,heW e e st rweapsr esbeysn utclehud m i naraiesAs l cuoifYn or kA,n seolfCm a nrtbeurByo,n aventTuhroem,a sa nd Aqunias. The seconwdh ysr teuadstyohifinnel g i oiqsaut eaw sokr utnhd ertaking, theinst, h aitt invcorlivteeisnc gaaalg ewmietCnhht r isotme'gnsrd eatest mindasld,le batthimantog s stu blitmoep iGocofsd v,'e srm yo doefb eiansg TrintiyF.ot rh Ceh ristthiiinsaso n st i mpalnay c ademmaitctT eorr e.c emiyvse tictahlTelri yny i,at nsdh airnGe o do'wsnt riulenib efy f lolowtihncego m mandosfC hriwsatfsro, t hCeh urfctahh etrhsve e rpyu rpoofhs uem aenx ist enc2Ae l.t hoKuagRrhal h noenrc e a(rcgocurtertldehy fa)rot m odeCrhnr istians, theoloignicalnutsdhT eerid n,ih tabyde comem olriteth taafln ooe t nfolotleo w intgh ter eaDteDi esUoen iont hhea ndboofdo oksg mtah,wi asns o atl watyhse casPeo.s t-Kamnatysi carnast chhe atadhttse h imere taphsypseiccualla tion intrtiotn rsiinci tthaeroyilb,a ounctg o mitnoug n dersGtoadmn'odsd oefs ub sistwean(sca en d iinsfd)roCe herdi stiansa neu xlitsitcmeoantnteciIleafyrl n . conterrosvaibeostu htpe r oceosfst ihHoeo nl Syp isreiettm ou sa kitno the mediedveabla te"sh omowav neyr acnagdnea lnsoc net hhee aodfa p int,h"i s is pseor hbaepcsa tuhsTeeri nintoy longaescr e nptlarra oayillsne o utrh eo logtihcianlk ing. Thisb rinmgets ot he trheiarsfrodos nt udtyhifienl gi oaqnutdeh i atsth e verqyu esottfir ounit tehsl. f reIm embbeeiran sgk aemtdy d istsaetrdieoefnn se whetmhyew ro rhka adn pyr acvtailcsuaieln,m c oest th eoloognbi oatnhs sides otf hEea -sWtesdti vniodwse a twh fiel iomqouraeesa n uistahnacanesag enu ineClhyu rch-diisvsiAuddeim.ni gt ttehdeilrssye o mter uhtehr sei,n tchee consensutsob ets heaetmp sot whaeenr jd ru isdiocftt hiBeoi ns hoofRp o me halso ng sincet hfiselu ipopaqlstua hienes t seude stehpOear rtahtofiodrnmog x theCiart hborleitch Aenryde enet.v etnhm eo sitr eonfci hcu rchwmoeunnlo dt dentyh atc otnhtei unsueet dhofi efl ioiqnu Wete hset veerrns oifo Nnti hcee ne ConstantiCnroepreoedlm iaatinaon nbs s ttaoec clcel uenstiiyW.ah lyB ?e cause whatetvheeri r disaognir nedeimvedinodtcunstae rlsbi ,o tCha thoalnidc s Orthomdaoixn ttahiatntr u ctahnn e vbeers acriffirocc heede acpu menical PRECFEA vii gaiCna.t hoplrieocsfss thep rSopcierfsiorstmi't oshnS e o bne catuhseey beliitetobv eet ruTeh.Oe r thocdaonxn ott hapacrtceo esfpstoi ffoia ntb he cause thebye litehWveee s tedronc ttrobi eni ene rrWohri.rl eel athiavbsie scmo me thoer doeftr h e fdroa gyao opda rotft hpeo sEtn-lightweonrmlferodnt ,th e Churtcrhu (tehsc pieatlhleyo ltorguistcthami)lal tlt Tehresor.re ieftf,h eirse genu(ionpree rcediivseadg)r aebeomtuehtnfe ita t ehs,p ecoina clselony t ar al mattaesGr o dt'rsi nintaatruiirmtaeun ,s b tee xamianneaddd dsrseebdef ore three stoorffaul tclio omnm unciaotnna kpel ace. Thiissi ,nf ca tw,h aIht a vaet temtpodt oie ndt hbioso Wkh.e Inw awsr it ing dmiyst saetroinoM na ximtuhsCe o nefsssot rh'eooloftg hpyer ocession and uistaestt hCeo unocfFi elr rFalroar-eInn octei,c ed seavbeoruatl things exiswtoirnokgnst hfiel ioFqiurtesh.tda ,et s ptihiteme p ortoaftn hdceoe c trine, Ic ouldfi nndaom to deErnng lish lanogfeu iatgthehe derho igsmotaro riyt s incluisnti hocenr eTehde2. 0 0p1u blicoaft iBoeOnrb nedre droF'risfl ioque: GeschuincThdhe toel oegiinoeek su menPirsocbhwleaenssm isg nifibcutath net , worwka isnG ermaannid tc sl atihmta htPe r oteRseotframnatt cihoannt gheed dynamoiftc hsde e bawta(est moyt hinkhiingghs)lu ys pAelctth.o suegvhe ral excellent asptpuedaiirnere sed c ehnatvd eiy secaurtsshsfi eil nigod quurei ng specific hist(oe.r.P,iga cpaalid' sasCpkr eirisinBio ysdz sa ntThieFu iml:i oque Controivnte hPreas tyr iaorfG crheagItoIeor f Cy y rpuNsg,i eAnpo'lso gfoert ic FiliionMq eudei TheevoallGo egmye,i nhFairlditoo'qnsut reo-ZvKweirssOcehs etn UndWe stkiIrmFc mhhem ittTeilKaao laltbbeaIr'n,sv enLtaitHniegnr etics: Byz antintehsFe i alniidont q hNueie n Ctehn tGuarmyi,hl elgsD'cisKe on trouvrne rse daFsi liMooqlguiec:h keeiinPtereron b legma fluG orsuudnnedFr o rsncgnehu und Gesprdaelcreh tehz utnendj earhtnr oen)oe ft heamt temtpot etde wlhlo lteh e stofrorymb egintnoei nndTg.h athte rwea asn eefdro cao mplaentbdea l ancperde tsaetnoifto hnhe i stsoereymc eldet aomr ea ndo tthowe irtswh h om Is polkeea,d mietn obg e gtihnpe r esweonrtk . WhaIt haatvtee mtpodt oei dnt hbioso ikts o t etlhlse t oorfayd octrine, orm orper olpyse preakoifand go,c trcionnatlr oIvitesfi r,rs asynt.fd ro emost, at heologiHcoawle viweitorsi r, mk p.o stsowi rbilttehe he i stooftr hypi asr ticudloacrtw riitnheco ountt extiuwtai ltihtzihilnena gr pgoelri ctuilctaulr,a l, anrde liegnivoiurso nFmoeerxn atm.pt lhdeee ,b abteetsw Peheont ainutdsh e Carolianbgoituahtone rs t hoodfto hfixeyl iocqabuneeu ndersotnolwoyid t hin thceo ntoeftx htle a rger odvieCsrhp aurtlnee emi'amsgp ecroiraoln aantdi on itmse anfironE ga -sWtesrte latTihloean tsBe.yr z anbteiltniheeaa fct c eptance oft hfiel iowqautsea ntamtooeu tnhtbn eitcr maaykaeslse nosnel y ownhee n comprehtehinemd psa ocftt h Feo urCtrhu suapdoetn h peo puloafCc oen stantiwnhoetpnhl ieen ,t erpwoalfsaro tcieodn tuhpGeor ne eaksps a orftt he Latoicnc upaAtnidso own,h. i tlheii nsso atc omplaectceoo uftn htse c hism (ofrt hisseH ee nrCyh adwiEcaksa'tns Wd e stTh:e M akionfag R ifti nt he Chur,tc hhhe)i stooftr hy"es e trange(maYesven sCt o"n gcaarl iltwe)id l l not bef rogotten. viiPiRE FACE I haalvtsero it eoadv otihtde e mptaptrieosinenm,na tno ytf h nei neteenth century ohfti hfiselt iooroqifsue iesm, pc loyl leacntoitJnhlgeo rr isluepgipuomr t inogr retfhudeto icntgTr hirene ea.wd ieslrol o dni sctohvtaehtre irasel ready ap letohfos ruacw ho rkasn,Ids anwo r eastoown r ite anoctehretra.i nT hat writaenridsn ,d eceedr,tt aeixhnta svp,el aayk eedry o ilnte h dee biaustne q ues tionaentddh, u wsi blieltn ecestsoea xraym tihneem s oimnde e tHaoiwle.v er, whaIht a vaet temtpodt oie nde xamitnhibeni gb lical taenadc ohpnia ntgr istic thper oce(sissfui coathn h ienvgee nx isittseo dd i)s ctohvteeh re olporgiincal cipglreosu ntdhiencmgo, n texttuhapelr iozoiftniegnox rtdste our n derstand themiera niOnfpg a.r tiicnutleaerrse piseatcil,nl yct ahosefte h Ger efetakh ers, wiblelt hveo cabuusleatdrod y e sctrhiSebp ei rrietl'ast itootn hsSeho inap,n d theex amceta nionftg e rlmis&k teaa ntdK . Thearreie n herent ilniaw m oirtskau tcaihsto hnisAs s. JBoehhnar n d othhearvsne o ted, osfit nuddiivdeiosdc utarmlia ndoeeus t sidceo nttoehfxe t the larger Chriosft iuannd eurCnshdtreairnlstdeitaia f'knnsigmdn e ga ning "accotrod iStnchgre ir peptseu"r peatnuo avteer systveimeoawftt hiezoeldo gy thwaotu hladv bee efnro eitgotn h Eea rClhyu r3cT ohe .x trtahficelt i ofoqrmu e thlea rpgneeru matological,s oCtherriisroteloflolegocigtcitiacholaen l s, oafn d ftahearsts h etyr iteod understanodfC htrhiieass l tmr yetsaotid emyrp yo se categoontr hipeea st rciosrtptiuhcsa tf tathheterh se mselves hwaovuel d never recognAiczkenldoe.wd gtihnifgcas t w,e c apnr occeaeudt icoounsslty,a ntly reminding thoautr stehlevasebeso tudhtfiee lb iaotaqerusuel e t impaatretl yo f al arigneqru aistr oy hCohwr isctoimatenou s n dersGtoadan,nd td h eoiwrn destaisrn eyv,e taotl heedim nJ esCuhsr ist. Tou nderstthbaein bdl miactaelrIh i aavrlee, l hieeadvo inml oyd ecronm mentabry(i persi mGaerrimlaaynn E-dn gliskhi-nesgxp)ee gaeQtueost.a tions formt hSerc iptaurrfeoer mst hNeR VSu nloetshse rnwoitsFeeodt r.h pea tris tiacn mde diesvoaulrI ch easvm,ea dues oef mocdreirtenid ciatwlih oennse ver possailbtlheoth,ue rg eha wdielrl sfteriqluler neentfro etnetc oMe isg nPea'tsr ologia (GPrGoe)rPa actar oLlaotgi(iaPn) LaS. p ecmieanlts ihoonub lemd a de of thveo lurmeecse cnotmlpyl beyAt nendF reemaanHdna roWlidlu lnjfgo r the Monumenta HGiesrtmowarhniiipccarhaeo , v idee dcirtioitfmoi ancnsoay ftl h e CarolidnogciuamneF nottrhs Ce.o unocfFi elr rFalroar-tehnecrete hi eni vsa lu ablmeu ltivcoollulmeeoc fct oinocnai nlpidoa srt codnocciulmieaansrts se m bleadnp du blibsyth hePedo ntiOfirciaeIln ntisattlub teet w1e49e0na n1d79 7. When tahraeevy a iel,Iah balvuet ilainzde edrr eefnEcnegdl tirsahn slations, inclutdhoiern igg liannaglui aIftg heo uignthe tc ersyts oca latrhitefye rms of thdee baAtloelt. h terra nslaarmteyi o ownnas,l thoIsu hgohua lcdk nowledge DrK.a thePrainnaeg oaftk hoes RiSctkhotacorCndo lloefg eNJ eewr fsoehrye r willintgocn heesscoskm oeft hGer eaenkLd a tpians sages. Mosotft he rrcefhsro te hais bocoomkp wldaeustr eitdnh wger itoifmn yg diesrstautnidoRener vJ .o seLpihe nhSaJ..r a,dn ,Dd r G.e orDgeem acopoulos, botohfw homa losfoef retdor eaadn cdo mmeunptop no rtoifto hnmesa nu- PREFACEi x scrTihpetsi.ur g gesqtuieosntsai,noe dnv se,n ctrhietiiwrce irosefim sn esti mabvlael iunte h per ocoefws rsi tbionttghh o er igwionraakln t dh per esent voluImw eo.u ladl lsiok et hatmnoyk c olleaatMg iurseiesc oUrndiivaiet rys, DrSst.e vana DnAadlv liAaeunss twihnow, e rger aceinoouustg orh e tahdr ough eardlrya aftnspd r ovide ifenedvbaalFcurOak.lb. il vHeee rr baenlDd r B.r ian Matsze natl otnhge( isro onp-utbol-ibtserh aends)l antiinotnnhts-u cproeryfi marsyo uracneodsf e fresdu ggesatbioohunatsn dltihmneag t erDirasl.. Tia KolbaanbdEa l izaFbiesthhe ra lsoeenangrt pl ryos oo ffw orkisnp rogress (whihcahvs ei nbceec oamvea ilaanbkdli en)da llyl omweet dom akues oef theMmy.g ratiatlugsdooee t soC yntRheiaaSd t,e phAattniaiane,td h eed itors atO xofrUdn ivePrrseifstrosty a kiannig n teirnte hspetr ojaencsdte eiintg throtuocg ohm pleTthifieo nnas.lt aogfte hspe r ojweecrcteo mpltehtaendk s toa g rafnortm t hPea ppParseo sfsorisnBh yizpa nCtiivniel iaznaRdte iloin giopna,ro tf Itnhtee rdisCceinptfleroiHr ne alrlye nica ttS htReui dciheasr d StockCtoolnlo efg eN Jeewer ysT.h anaklsst ooJ oseEpvhe raes tttu,d aetn t Stockwthooan s,s imsetw eitdvh a rious Iw taacsso kmsp laetsthb eio nogk . DavSihda painrMdoe gL ordde sveesr omree cognfirott hieowinir l ling nestosh omstei nN ewYo rkw hiIlw ead so irnegs eaaFtr ocrhd hMaymm o.t her (eTrSriie ciaennmdso ktih)e r-(iManr-tlMhaaawt wijcoiwt)a tuginanhvgeels y theirt oht eilmopeuw ti tchh icladra el,l omwietn ofig n itshhpe r ojienac t timemlayn n.e rLawsatrit,tot hIa mnykw iefK,i eavt ,r umeu lfioretrIi ts .c an trublesy a tihdwa itt hhoeulrto vaens du ppnoorntoe ft hwiosu hladv bee en possible. Aw ief hieshr u sbarnidc'trhsee sats uhreel,p maaas ttee,a dcyoilnugm n. -(Sr3i 64:)2
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