The Fifth Corner of Four: An Essay on Buddhist Metaphysics and the Catuskoti

195 Pages·2018·9.677 MB·English

by  Graham Priest

The Fifth Corner of Four

The Fifth Corner
of Four
An Essay on Buddhist Metaphysics
and the Catuskoti
. .
Graham Priest
1
3
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Contents
Listoffigures ix
BeforetheBeginning
Preface xv
0.1 Background xv
0.2 Overview xvi
0.3 ClarificatoryComments xvii
0.4 Thanks xix
PartI. EarlyIndia
1. GeneralBackground 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 TheHistoryandGeographyofBuddhism 3
1.2.1 BuddhistphilosophyI:India 4
1.2.2 BuddhistphilosophyII:China 6
1.3 TheFourNobleTruths 8
1.4 TheMetaphysicsofIgnorance 9
1.4.1 Impermanence 10
1.4.2 Theself 10
1.4.3 Lookforyourself 12
1.4.4 Causationandunity 13
1.4.5 Theillusionofself 15
1.5 Conclusion 15
2. QuintumNon-Datur 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 TheCatus.kot.i:TheEarlySu¯tras 16
2.3 TheOriginsofthePrinciple 17
2.4 TheCatus.kot.i:SomeDeadEnds 18
2.5 InterludeonClassicalPropositionalLogic 22
2.6 FirstDegreeEntailment 25
2.7 TheBuddha’sSilence 26
2.8 PresuppositionFailure? 28
2.9 Conclusion 29
2.10 TechnicalAppendix 29
2.10.1 Many-valuedlogics 30
2.10.2 FDE 30
2.10.3 Naturaldeduction 31
vi contents
3. Well-FoundedMetaphysics 32
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 AbhidharmaMereologyandtheDharmas 32
3.3 TheTwoRealities 33
3.4 AreThereDharmas? 35
3.5 TheRealityofPartiteObjects 39
3.6 TheDharmas:ConceptualDependence 41
3.7 TheDharmas:Causation 43
3.8 Conclusion 44
PartII. LaterIndia
4. Emptiness 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 TheHeartSu¯tra 49
4.3 Emptiness 51
4.4 TheAttackonSvabha¯va 53
4.5 TobeEmpty 56
4.6 TheTwoRealities 57
4.7 UltimateRealityandIneffability 60
4.8 Enlightenment 62
4.9 Conclusion 62
5. TheFifthCorner 64
5.1 Introduction 64
5.2 Ineffability 64
5.3 TheFifthKot.i 65
5.4 StatesofAffairs 67
5.5 Truth 68
5.6 Correspondence 70
5.7 EmptyStatesofAffairs 71
5.8 Conclusion 73
5.9 TechnicalAppendix 73
6. ParadoxandIneffability 75
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 TheParadoxofIneffability 75
6.3 Interlude:WesternConnections 76
6.4 HavingMorethanOneValue 79
6.5 TheVimalak¯ırtiNirde´saSu¯tra 80
6.6 AFarewelltoIndia 83
6.7 Conclusion 85
6.8 Coda:JainaLogic 85
6.8.1 Aneka¯nta-Va¯da 86
6.8.2 Thetheoryofsevenfoldpredication 87
6.8.3 Themeaningofi 88
contents vii
6.9 TechnicalAppendix 89
6.9.1 Plurivalentlogic 89
6.9.2 PlurivalentFDEe 90
6.9.3 TheJainaversion 90
PartIII. EastAsia
7. AndSoOn 95
7.1 Introduction 95
7.2 FromDaoismtoBuddhism 95
7.3 TheTwoTruths:Stage1 97
7.4 TheTwoTruths:Stages2and3 98
7.5 TheProblem 99
7.6 PseudoJizang 101
7.7 TheJizangHierarchy 104
7.8 Conclusion 105
7.9 TechnicalAppendix 105
8. TheGoldenLion 108
8.1 Introduction 108
8.2 A¯laya-Vijña¯na 108
8.3 Tatha¯gata-Garbha 110
8.4 ChinaandtheTwoRealities 111
8.5 Li,Shi,Ji 113
8.6 TheNetofIndra 114
8.7 Identity 115
8.8 Emptiness 116
8.9 ...anditsStructure 117
8.10 TyingEverythingTogether 120
8.11 TheNetEmerges 123
8.12 InterpenetrationandDuality 124
8.13 Conclusion 124
9. Enlightenment 125
9.1 Introduction 125
9.2 Enlightenment 125
9.3 Chan 126
9.4 TheOx-HerdingPictures 128
9.5 MountainsAreNotMountains 130
9.6 Do¯genandtheSho¯bo¯genzo¯ 133
9.7 Do¯genandHuayan 133
9.8 Do¯genonSam.sa¯raandNirva¯n.a 134
9.9 Do¯genandZazen 135
9.10 Do¯genandtheReturntotheOrdinary 136
9.11 Do¯genonLanguage 139
viii contents
9.12 OnTranscendingDualities 141
9.13 Conclusion 142
AftertheEnd
10.AMethodologicalCoda 147
Sino-JapaneseGlossary 151
Bibliography 155
Indexofnames 163
GeneralIndex 166
List of figures
1. AnimageoftheBuddha
AnnaJurkovska/Shutterstock.com xxii
2. ArepresentationofNa¯ga¯rjuna(fl.2Cce)
waikeat/©123RF.com 46
3. ArepresentationofDo¯genKigen(fl.13Cce)
ScrollpaintedbyShamonTekionKingaandpresentedtoNishijimaRoshiof
Do¯genSangha© Do¯genSanghaBuddhistGroup 92
4. ThetenOx-HerdingPictures,byGyokuseiJikihara
ZenMountainMonastery,zmm.mro.org 129
5. TheChinesesymbol‘enso¯’.ThisisnotaChinesecharacterbuta
simplecirclethatrepresentsenlightenment
ElinaLi/Shutterstock.com 144