The Fetal Heart Lukas Bastiaan Uittenbogaard The studies described in this thesis were performed at the Division of Prenatal Medicine and Screening, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Financial support by the Netherlands Heart Foundation for the publication of this thesis is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support was also kindly provided by Bayer Schering Pharma, BMA BV (Mosos), Esaote-Pie Medical Benelux BV, Medical Dynamics, Medimast, Posthumus Meyjesfonds, Stichting perinatologisch onderzoek en onderwijs. ISBN: 9789086595389 Thesis VU University medical center, Amsterdam with summary in Dutch. design: Lukas Uittenbogaard (cover) and Bart Smit print: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam © L.B. Uittenbogaard, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2011. No part of this thesis may be reproduced in any form or by any means, by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means without permission of the author. VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT The Fetal Heart ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Geneeskunde op vrijdag 1 april 2011 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, Boelelaan 1105 door Lukas Bastiaan Uittenbogaard geboren te Hilversum promotor: prof.dr. J.M.G. van Vugt copromotor: dr. M.C. Haak 5 with special gratitude to the review committee Professor H.A.M. Brölmann, MD, PhD, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Professor T. van der Steen, MD, PhD, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam Professor J. Hruda, MD, PhD, VU University medical center, Amsterdam J. Simpson, MD, FRCP, Evelina Chilrden’s Hospital, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London D. Oepkes, MD, PhD, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden Ph. Stoutenbeek, MD, PhD, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 6 the fetal heart CONTENT 1 General introduction 9 2 A systematic analysis of the feasibility of four-dimensional ultrasound 17 imaging using spatiotemporal image correlation in routine fetal echocardiography Adapted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2008; 31: 625–632 3 Feasibility of automated 3-dimensional fetal cardiac screening in 35 routine ultrasound practice Adapted from J Ultrasound Med2009; 28: 881–888 4 Validation of volume measurements for fetal echocardiography using 49 four-dimensional ultrasound imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation Adapted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2010; 35: 324-331 5 Reliability of fetal cardiac volumetry using spatiotemporal image 67 correlation assessment of in-vivoand in-vitromeasurements Adapted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2010; Sep; 36(3): 308-14 6 STIC Hallucinations. Gating artefacts in an in vitromodel 81 Submitted for publication 7 Fetal cardiac function assessed with four-dimensional ultrasound 91 imaging using spatiotemporal image correlation Adapted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2009; 33: 272–281 8 Assessment of fetal cardiac function, an overview 109 Submitted for publication 9 General discussion and future prospects 141 10 Summary 151 7 APPENDICES 1 Summary in Dutch 157 Samenvatting 2 Words of thanks in Dutch 163 Dankwoord 3 Curriculum Vitae 169 8 the fetal heart 9 Chapter 1 General introduction 10 the fetal heart
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