The Federalization of Corporate Governance ii The Federalization of Corporate Governance Marc I. Steinberg 1 The Federalization of Corporate Governance. Marc I. Steinberg. © Oxford University Press 2018. Published 2018 by Oxford University Press. iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2018 All rights reserved. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2017039724 | ISBN 9780199934546 ((hardback) : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Corporate governance—Law and legislation—United States. | Federal government—United States. | United States. Securities and Exchange Commission. Classification: LCC KF1422 .S74 2018 | DDC 346.73/ 0664—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/ 2017039724 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Edwards Brothers Malloy, United States of America Note to Readers This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is based upon sources believed to be accurate and reliable and is intended to be current as of the time it was written. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Also, to confirm that the information has not been affected or changed by recent developments, traditional legal research techniques should be used, including checking primary sources where appropriate. (Based on the Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations.) You may order this or any other Oxford University Press publication by visiting the Oxford University Press website at www.oup.com. This book is dedicated to my wonderful sister Nancy Burman with all of my love. My sister, who is four years older than me, is a remarkable person. As a single mother for many years, she raised three daughters who today are happily married, have beautiful children, and wonderful careers. During that time, she was an elementary school teacher in the Columbus, Ohio public schools. Nancy is also the best sister that a brother could have. Through the years, she always has been supportive, loving, and empathetic. She indeed is perhaps the kindest person I know. Dedicating this book to my sister Nancy is a small way for me to convey to her how much she has meant to me throughout my life. vi vii Summary Contents About the Author xv Acknowledgments xvii 1. An Evolutionary Process— The Federalization of Corporate Governance 1 2. Twentieth Century Legislative Proposals— Federal Incorporation and Related Efforts 25 3. The SEC’s Impact on the Federalization of Corporate Governance— A Traditional Perspective 113 4. The SEC’s Shareholder Proposal Rule and Related Developments 157 5. The SOX and Dodd- Frank Acts— Modern Federal Corporate Governance Initiatives 191 6. The Impact of Stock Exchange Rules on the Federalization of Corporate Governance 225 7. Unresolved Business: Federal Corporate Governance Enhancements 263 8. Future Federalization of Corporate Governance 285 Index 295 vii viii ix Detailed Contents About the Author xv Acknowledgments xvii 1. An Evolutionary Process— The Federalization of Corporate Governance 1 I. Introduction 1 II. State Corporate Law Impacting Corporate Governance 6 A. Governance of the Corporate Enterprise 7 B. Fiduciary Duties of Corporate Directors and Officers 11 C. The Use of Defensive Tactics in Takeover Bids 16 D. Anti- Takeover, Stakeholder, and Related Statutes 17 E. Summation 19 III. Federal Law Impacting Corporate Governance 20 IV. Focus of This Book 24 2. Twentieth Century Legislative Proposals— Federal Incorporation and Related Efforts 25 I. Introduction 25 II. The Height of Interest in Federal Incorporation (1903– 1914) 28 A. 1903 Bill— House of Representatives— H.R. 66 29 B. 1904 Bill— House of Representatives— H.R. 8883 31 C. 1905 Bill— Senate— S. 6238 32 D. 1906 Bill— House of Representatives— H.R. 10704 33 E. 1905 Bill— House of Representatives— H.R. 473 36 F. 1906 Bill— Senate— S. 6287 37 G. 1907 Bill— Senate— S. 383 41 H. 1908 Bill— Senate— S. 4874 43 ix