The Father of Jihad: 'Abd All h 'Azz m's Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security PDF
Preview The Father of Jihad: 'Abd All h 'Azz m's Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security
The Father of Jihad 'Abd Allaˉh 'Azzaˉm’s Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security P902_9781783262878_tp.indd 1 21/3/14 3:25 pm Imperial College Press Insurgency and Terrorism Series ISSN: 2335-6847 Series Editor: Rohan Gunaratna (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) Vol. 1 Countering Extremism: Building Social Resilience through Community Engagement edited by R. Gunaratna, J. Jerard and S. M. Nasir Vol. 2 The Father of Jihad: 'Abd Allāh 'Azzām's Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security by Muhammad Haniff Hassan Forthcoming Wars from Within: Understanding and Managing Insurgent Movements by Albrecht Schnabel (Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces) and Rohan Gunaratna (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) The Roots of Religious Extremism by Mohamed Bin Ali (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) Whither Southeast Asia Terrorism? by Arabinda Acharya (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore) Volume Insurgency & Terrorism Series 2 The Father of Jihad 'Abd Allaˉh 'Azzaˉm’s Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security Muhammad Haniff Hassan Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Imperial College Press ICP P902_9781783262878_tp.indd 2 21/3/14 3:25 pm Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Muhammad Haniff Hassan. The father of jihad : 'Abd Allāh 'Azzām's jihad ideas and implications to national security / by Muhammad Haniff Hassan (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore). pages cm. -- (Imperial College Press insurgency and terrorism series , ISSN 2335-6847 ; 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-78326-287-8 (hard-cover) ISBN-10: 1-78326-287-7 (hard-cover) 1. 'Azzām, 'Abd Allāh. 2. Afghanistan--Politics and government--1989–2001. 3. Jihad. 4. National security. I. Title. DS371.33.A99M84 2014 297.7'2--dc23 2013048356 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2014 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. In-house Editor: Alisha Nguyen Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore b1625_FM.qxd 3/26/2014 9:11 AM Page v b1625 The Father of Jihad Acknowledgements Praises be to • the Lord for the blessings; • my beloved wife, Faiza, and children, Usaid, Azzam, Husna, Iz, If and Rusyda for their support and understanding; • my parents, Hassan and Kalthom, for their constant prayers; • my Professors for their knowledge and guidance; • my colleagues in the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR) for their friendship and assistance; • my friends and siblings for their encouragement; without which I would not have been able to complete this journey. Very special thanks to • Associate Professor Kumar Ramakrishna for supervising my PhD dissertation, from which this book is based on; • Professor Rohan Gunaratna, Head of ICPVTR, for giving me a flexible working arrangement that allowed me to complete this book; • Roslinah Rasdi, Roslina Johari and Yee Ming for rendering their much-valued technical assistance. May the Force be with us, Amin. Muhammad Haniff Hassan Singapore, 2014 v May2,2013 14:6 BC:8831-ProbabilityandStatisticalTheory PST˙ws TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk b1625_FM.qxd 3/26/2014 9:11 AM Page vii b1625 The Father of Jihad Preface This study revolves around the jihad ideas of `Abd Allah> `Azzam> — an iconic figure in jihadist circles. To date there has been no single work in English dedicated to the study of his jihad ideas — a fact underscoring this study as an original academic contribution. This study has several objectives. The first is to render an in- depth description of his ideas by way of a review of his writing, hitherto little referenced in the literature. The second objective is to identify how these ideas have inspired so many to participate in militant jihad in the Soviet–Afghan war, and indeed elsewhere. The third objective of this study is to highlight the internal contradic- tions and inconsistencies in `Azzam> ’s ideas, and to juxtapose these ideas with contemporary jihadism. The fourth objective is to identify specific aspects of `Azzam> ’s ideas in order to extract key lessons for counter-ideology work within the framework of counter- terrorism. The primary approach of this study is that of a qualitative literature review of `Azzam> ’s books, articles and transcripts of ser- mons and speeches. In analysing the text, the study applies Snow et al.’s framing method, used in the study of social movements as the key analytical tool. Upon reviewing all of `Azzam> ’s literature and other relevant published materials, the study concludes and makes three key argu- ments/observations on `Azzam> ’s jihad ideas. The first is `Azzam> ’s success in mobilising Muslims for jihad in Afghanistan was not due to his jihad ideas alone, although they mattered to him and were important tools for mobilisation. The study identifies two other vii b1625_FM.qxd 3/26/2014 9:11 AM Page viii b1625 The Father of Jihad viii The Father of Jihad: `Abd All¯ah `Azz¯am’s Jihad Ideas and Implication non-ideational structural factors that were critical in effecting his mobilisation. Secondly, some aspects of `Azzam> ’s jihad ideas have serious implications on national security. Thirdly, some of `Azzam> ’s jihad ideas diverge from dominant ideas held by current jihadist groups like Al-Qaeda and these could potentially be used to counter contemporary jihad ideas and practices of jihadists. The study then addresses the above observations and all other issues arising from it with the objective of providing insights to delegitimise current jihadist ideology, thereby providing a means towards the mitigation of its threat to national and global security. b1625_FM.qxd 3/26/2014 9:11 AM Page ix b1625 The Father of Jihad Transliteration Table ix
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