The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the East Atlantic, 2. Circulinae

2011·19.4 MB·English

by  Joan Daniel Oliver

RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Figures 2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotype, 2.5 mm (MNHN); B: shell, 2.7
mm, shell, Rancho Luna Beach, Cuba (CFG); C: 2.4 mm, CayoWitties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D:
protoconch.
Figuras2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotipo, 2,5 mm (MNHN); B: concha, 2,7
mm, concha, Playa Rancho Luna, Cuba (CFG); C: 2,4mm. Cayo Witties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D:
protoconcha.
Discussion: Fischer (1857) in the (1964: 70-71) treated it as a nomen
original description of Adeorbis dubium only because the type was
orbignyi said: "It is distinguished not found. This taxon cannot be con-
from congeneric species by the regu- sidered as nomen nudum with a
larity of the ornamentation consti- good description like the one avail-
tuted by a dozen of transversal ribs able. The type, supposedly in the
placed at equal distance". Moore MNHN, is considered lost (Virginie
9
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Iberusy 29 (2), 201
Héros pers. comm.). In our opinión we have designated a neotype in
there is no doubt that the description order to maintain nomenclatural
of this species corresponds to the stability.
shells we have from Cuba (type local- This species can be distin-
ity), where it is relatively common. guished from C. semisculptus by
For this reason and also because the the great number of spiral cords
taxon has been accepted by other tax- and the dense microsculpture
onomists (e.g., www.malacolog.org) between them.
Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882) (Figures 3A-E)
Cyclostremiscuspentagonus auct.nonGabb, 1873.
Omalaxis lirata A.E.Verrill, 1882. Transactionsofthe ConnecticutAcademyofArts and Sciences
5: 529. In Bush, 1893, pl. 1, fig. 11-12]. [Type locality: USFC sta. 770, offNewport, Rhode
Island, 16m].
Typematerial:HolotypeinUSNM(406741).Notexamined.
Othermaterialexamined:Florida,USA:1s,AtlanticBeach,DuvalCo.(CHL);4s,30m,35miESt.
Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);2s,53m,75miESt.Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);4s,16thAve.
S,JacksonvilleBeach,DuvalCo. (CHL).
Description: After Moore Distribution: East coast of
(1964: 74): "Shell depressed, Florida to Rhode Island. Recorded
rather thick, whorls rounded, from Newport, Rhode Island
inner half of base smooth. Spiral (Verrill, 1882); from off Cape
sculpture of about eight to ten Hatteras, North Carolina (Bush,
spiral ridges separated by 1897); from Rockaway, New York
grooves only slightly wider. and off Lantana, Florida (Moore,
Umbilicus wide and deep" Pro- 1964); from St. Lucie Co., Florida
.
toconch projecting with nearly 2 (Lyons, 1989), from Atlantic
3A smooth whorls, about 530 pm Beach, Jacksonville Beach, Batten
in máximum diameter. Teleo- Island and St. Augustine, Florida
conch with only 1 Vi whorls, (Lee, 2009).
ornamented with 10 spiral cords Remarks: C. liratus is the only
distributed between the dorsum species of Circulus from the West
and the outer base. The inter- Indies similar in morphological
spaces are wider, without axial characters to Circulus striatus
sculpture except fine growth (Philippi, 1836) type species of the
lines. Base fíat, without sculp- genus. C. liratus has been placed
ture. Umbilicus wide, the previ- in the genera Lydiphnis and
ous whorls being visible in its Skenea. Circulus liratus differs
interior, and delimited by a from C. semisculptus by its pro-
strong cord and 2-3 more on its jecting protoconch while C. semi-
inner wall. sculptus is almost planispiral.
Holotype measures 2.1 mm. Solariorbis mooreana (Vanatta,
mm
The figured shells are 2.3-2.7 1904) is similar but it has a
mm
in diameter and about 1.01 in narrow umbilicus and lacks the
height. thickening of the umbilical wall,
Habitat This species seems to which is typical of the Solariorbis;
:
be found living in depths of a few also this latter species lacks orna-
meters (Moore, 1964). The mentation in the interspaces
bathimetry reported in the litera- between cords, and these cords do
ture is between 7 and 165 m. not extend to the base.
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RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Figures 3A-E. Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882). A-C: shells, 2.18, 2.14, 2.33 mm, Jacksonville
Beach, Florida (CHL); D: detailoftheumbilicus; E: protoconch.
Figuras3A-E. Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882). A-C: conchas, 2,18, 2,14, 2,33 mm,Jacksonville
Beach, Florida (CHL);D:detalledelombligo;E:protoconcha.
Circulus texanus (Moore, 1965) (Figures 4A-F)
Vitrinella texana Moore, 1965. The Nautilus, 78: 76-77, pl. 7 figs. 4-6. [Type locality: Mustang
Island,nearPortAransas,Texas].
Vitridomus texanus (Moore, 1965),auct.
Typematerial:HolotypefromMustangIsland,nearPortAransas,Texas,diameter,1.72mm,height,
0.78mm.DepositedintheDivisiónofMollusks,USNM(636311).Notexamined.
Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
Othermaterialexamined:Brazil:1s,Itaparica(MHNS).Florida.USA:1s,DelrayBeach,PalmBeach
Co. (CHL);1s,LongboatKey,SarasotaCo. (CHL).
Description: Original descrip- below lateral midline. Suture
tion (Moore, 1965): "The shell is impressed. Ventral surface below
depressed and has a flattened keel less convex. Often with 30-40
,
apex. The umbilicus is narrow but widely-spaced low axial ribs which
,
deep, and is almostfíat sided. Sides are primarily evidentfrom inside of
of the shell curve out and down body whorl. Umbilicus wide. Outer
gently so that the periphery forms lip very slightly reflected; some
an angle with the base of the shell. specimens with one former varix.
The aperture is oblique. Aperture at oblique angle to dorso-
"The protoconch consists of 1 3Á ventral axis. Sutural sinus shallow.
glassy whorls. The teleoconch con- Periostracum thin, transparent,
sists of about 1 Vé whorls, and is with spiral grooves more numerous
sculptured on the upper side with than on shell surface. Protoconch
mm
fine spiral grooves and on the smooth, 0.5 diameter, about 2
lower side with numerous short whorls. No sculptural demarcation
radiating riblets. These riblets are separating protoconch I and proto-
crossed by a few weak spiral conch II.
grooves and there are several Máximum reported size: 2.1
, mm
stronger spiral grooves in the ".
umbilicus. The ventral side is fíat- We can add to this description
tened, and, in the holotype, bears the following: The protoconch
about 36 radiating riblets. The (Figs. 4D-E) is about 340 jum in
riblets become indistinct on the last diameter, and it has a little more
halfof the whorl, and become diffi- than 1 Vi whorls. Apparently it is
cult to count". smooth, but its nuclear portion is
"The aperture is oblique, and is covered by very small tubercles of
broadly ovate. The peristome is various sizes. This kind of
deeply notched at the upper inner microsculpture is also present on
angle. The parietal wall is rather the dorsum of the teleoconch (Fig.
thick, and is extended a little 4F).
forward of the aperture. The Habitat: Living specimens were
umbilicus is narrow and almostfíat taken from stomatopod burrows in
sided, but there is no angle with the shallow-water sand fíats in the
base of the shell. The shell itself is Indian River lagoon, St. Lucia
quite thin and fragüe, and only the County, eastern Florida (Bieler &
holotype and one immature Mikkelsen, 1988). It prefers a
paratype are unbroken. One rather narrow range of temperature
paratype is actually only halfof the and salinity, and is probably most
body whorl ofa broken shell". abundant in shallow Coastal waters.
After Bieler & Mikkelsen Its bathymetric range is between 0
(1988): "Shell small (1.7-1.8 mm in and 44 m in depth, and it was
mm
diameter, 0.55-0.65 in height). found alive between 0 and 0.5 m.
With about 1 Vi teleoconch whorls; Distribution: USA: Florida: East
almost planispiral, sculptured dor- Florida; Texas. Reported from Port
sally and ventrally with about 18 Aransas, Texas (Moore, 1964); from
fine spiral ribs; transparent when Texas (Odé, 1987b); from the north-
alive, opaque after death. Ribs western Gulf of México (Bieler &
slightly stronger, more widely Mikkelsen, 1988).
spaced just below suture on Remarks: This species was
dorsum and at periphery, where described in the genus Vitrinella
about 3 ribs form rounded keel (Moore, 1965). Bieler & Mikkelsen
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RUBIO ETal.-. The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Figures 4A-F. Circulustexanus (Moore, 1965). A-C: shell, 1.78 mm, Sarasota Co., Florida (CF1L);
D: protoconch; E: detailoftheprotoconch; F: detailofthemicrosculptureoftheteleoconch.
Figuras4A-F.Circulus texanus (Moore, 1965).A-C:concha, 1,78mm, Sarasota Co., Florida (CHL);
D:protoconcha;E:detalledelaprotoconcha;F:detalledelamicroesculturadelaconcha.
(1988) placed it in the genus Circu- the eastern Atlantic. It differs from
lus sensu lato because it agrees in all other western Atlantic Circuli-
shell shape and sculpture with the nae principally in having radiating
type species, Circulus striatus from riblets on the ventral side.
13
e,
Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
Subfamily Teinostomatinae Cossmann, 1917
Genus Teinostoma H. &A. Adams, 1853
Teinostoma H. &A.Adams, 1853. GeneraofRecentMollusca 1: 122.
Type species: Teinostoma politum H. & A. Adams, 1853 (by monotypy). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
pl. 10,figs. 1-3.
Diagnosis: Shell minute, depresed- by a heavy callus pad which is
turbiniform, thin, glassy, smooth, extended over the parietal wall, col-
umbilicate. Protoconch of about 1.3 umella concave, thick. Animal very
convex whorls. Teleoconch whorls similar to Vitrinella but with a longer
convex, base and umbilical rim angu- foot".
late. Multispiral operculum. Rádula: Remarks According to Pilsbry
:
Central tooth cutting area broadly (1953) the species included in the
"1V" shaped, serrated, 2 basal denti- genus Teinostoma are known from
2cles, ventral process "U" shaped. the Upper Cretaceous to Recent,
Lateral tooth cutting area at inner being very common in many Tertiary
third, broadly angulated and ser- deposits. The genus Teinostoma has
rated. Inner marginal cutting area been subdividided by some authors
very broad, comb-like. Outer mar- into several subgenera Annulicallus
(
ginal cutting area short. Pseudorotella, Idioraphe); unfortu-
5 Moore (1964) defines the species natly, the types of the type species of
as: "Shell small to minutecompact, two of these subgenera are lost or in
depressed low spired few flattened such poor condition that identifica-
, ,
whorls which are rounded or carí- ron is uncertain. As the objective of
nate; smooth or sculptured by fine this work is not supraspecific classifi-
striations suture not impressed cation, we will group all the studied
, ,
umbilicus covered partly or entirely species in the genus Teinostoma.
Identificationkey
In order to make schematic the separation of the species in this group with so
many species we present the following identification key for the genus pointing out
themostimportantcharactersforeachspecies:
-Shellwithprotoconchvisible 2
- Shellwithprotoconchfullyorpartiallycoveredbyathincoat 3
- Shellwithroundedmicropitsspirallyaligned 4
- Shellwith spiralincisedlines 5
-Shellcompletelysmooth 6
3-Shellwithspiralcords 7
-Shell completely smooth 8
4-Shellglobose and fragüe T. ciska
-Shellglobosewithlowspire T. baldingeri
-Shellwithstrongperipheralkeel T. goniogyrus
-Shell angularattheperiphery T. lenticulare
-Shellsubangular T. reclusum
- Shell obtusely subangular T. incertum
- Shell with spiral irregular microcordlets fused between them in the first
whorl T. anastomosis
- Shell with spire slightly elevated and striated callus T. panamense
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RUBIO ETáL.\ The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
6-umbilicuscompletelycoveredby callus 9
-umbilicuspartlycoveredbycallus 10
7-Shelltotallycoveredbyspiralcords T. semistriatum
-Shelldorsallycoveredbyfinespiralcordlets T. nesaeum
-Shellwithdorsumandumbilicussurroundedbyastrongspiralcarina T. carinicallus
-Shellwithdorsumandumbilicussurroundedbyastrongspiralcarinaandweakspiral
striae T. lituspalmarum
8-Shellstronglydepressed, transverselydilated T. obtectum
-Shellwithexpandedaperture T. expansum
-Shellminute, flattened aboveandbelow T. minusculum
-Shellmoreelongatedbyextensión(outwardsfromtheouterlip T. lerema
-Shelltransverselyovate T. megastoma
-Shellwithperipheryveryrounded andstrongumbilicalcallus . .T. umbilicatum
9-broadlyovateaperture, ratherstronglyoblique T. biscaynense
- protoconch placedbelow the nextwhorl, rounded aperture, peristome almost con-
tinuous T. cienfuegoensis
-peristomeexternallyreflectedtowardback T. helicinum
-Shellpyriform, umbilicalcallusverylarge T. megacallum
-afinegroove separatestheumbilicalcallusfromthecolumella . . .T. parvicallum
10-atriangularcallusatendofthecolumella T. solidum
-nogrooveofseparationbetweencolumellaandcallus T. cocolitoris
-spiremoderatelyelevated, calluswithhalfmoonshape T. lunense
-agrooveseparatingtheumbilicalcallusfromthecolumella T. altum
Teinostoma ciskae Faber, 1995 (Figures 5A-C)
Teinostoma millepunctata Nowell-Usticke, 1969 non T. millepunctatum Pilsbry & Olsson, 1945.
A Supplementary ListingofNew Shells, to be Added to the Check Listofthe Marine Shells of
St. Croix: 10,pl.2,fig,307.
Teinostoma millepunctata Nowell-Usticke, 1971. A Supplementary Listing ofNew Shells, to be
Added to the Check List ofthe Marine Shells ofSt. Croix, revised edition: 6. [Type locality:
Antigua/SecretHarbor,40ft].
Teinostoma ciskae Faber, 1995. De Kreukel, 31: 62 [replacement ñame for T. millepunctata
Nowell-Usticke,1969].
Type material: Represented in Nowell-Usticke (1969, pl. 2, fig. 307). The lectotype of T.
millepunctata was deposited inAMNH (n° 195413) (Boyko & Cordeiro, 2001). Notexam-
ined.
LOtuhnearBmeaatcehr,i2a0l-5e4xammi(nMeHdN:SC)u.bTar:i5nisd.aBdaahínadTdoebCaigeon:fTuoegboasg,o,201-c3,0Homrs(eMsHhNoSe)r;eef2,01s5.mR,anfcrhoom
Rsheeelfl,gNriNt(WCJPW)e.sVtirEgnidn,IsGlraandnsd: 1Bas,hPaemtearIIssllaanndd,, 1386mm,,sfherlolmgrciotra(lClHiLn)e.aBlgaahlafmraasg:m1ens,tOsl(yCmHpLu)s.
Florida, USA: 2 s, APAC Pit, Sarasota Co. Plio-Pleistocene (CHL).
Descriptiorr. Shell (Figs. 5A-B) quent part, about 166 jum in diameter,
globose, fragile, whitish and with its and with two strong varices separating
surface totally covered by punctiform the two stages. Teleoconch of about 2 14
incisions aligned spirally. globose whorls, totally covered by the
Protoconch (Fig. 5C) of about one microsculpture mentioned above (Fig.
whorl, with a finely granular surface at 5C). Aperture rounded, external lip
its beginning and smooth in the subse- fine, inner lip and columella thickened.
15
1
Iberus, 29 (2), 201
Figures 5A-C. TeinostomaciskaeFaber, 1995.A-B: shells, 1.8, 1.2 mm, Rancho Luna Beach, Cien-
fuegos, Cuba; C: protoconch.
Figuras 5A-C. Teinostoma ciskae Faber, 1995. A-B: conchas, 1,8, 1,2 mm, Playa Rancho Luna,
Cienfuegos, Cuba; C:protoconcha.
Umbilicus totally closedby anextensión Remarks Nowell-Usticke
:
fromthecolumella. (1969) described Teinostoma
Dimensions: Holotype 1.59 mm in millepunctata. This ñame was preoc-
diameter. We have shells with about 2.5 cupied by T. millepunctatum Pilsbry
mm in máximum dimensión. Máximum & Olsson, 1945, from Ecuador, for
mm
reported size: 2.6 this reason Faber (1995) proposed
Habitat: The species is distributed in the replacement ñame Teinostoma
the deep infralittoral, found between 15 ciskae, for Nowell-Usticke's species.
and 54mdeep, oncorallinebottoms. T. ciskae may be distinguished from
Distribution: Known from Antigua, the other known species of Teinos-
its type locality (Nowell-Usticke, 1969 toma by the more globose and
and 1971; Faber, 1995); from Aruba (de fragüe shell, by its peculiar proto-
Jong & Coomans, 1988); from Abaco, conch, and mainly by its typical
Bahamas (Redfern, 2001) and from microsculpture of punctiform inci-
Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Tobago, and sions. No similar species exists in
Cienfuegos, Cuba, inthepresentwork. the Caribbean región.
Teinostoma goniogyrus Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945 (Figures 6A-G)
Teinostoma goniogyrus Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945a. The Nautilus, 59: 3, pl. 1, figs. 8. [Type local-
ity:OffDestin,westFlorida].
Rotella carinata H. C. Lea, 1846. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 9: 263, pl. 36, fig. 78. (nond'Orbigny,
1842)[Typelocality:Petersburg,Virginia,Neogenefossil].
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RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Typematerial:RepresentedinPilsbry&McGinty(1945a).Notexamined.
-Ot8h0e°r26m'aWt,er4iamle(xMaHmNiSn)e;d:1C2us,bCai:e1nsf,uGeugaojsimBiacyo,,1105mm((CMFGH)N;S5);s.1Rsa,nCciheonfLuuengaosBBeaayc,h,st1n0.-1524a,m22(°C0F7G').N
Florida,USA: 1 s, 65mi. ESt.Augustine, St.JohnsCo.,Fl.,53m, dredged (CHL);3s,32mi.ESt.
Augustine,St.JohnsCo.,FL,30m,dredged(CHL);1s,23mi.ENEMayport,DuvalCo.,FL,26m.
(CHL);1 s,CaloosahatcheeFormation,LaBelle,HendryCo.,Plio-Pleistocene(CHL).
Description Shell (Figs. 6A-D) Remarks: Pilsbry & McGinty
:
subconical, depressed, solid, (1945a) mention that Teinostoma
whitish, and with a strong keel at goniogyrus resembles Rotella cari-
the periphery. Protoconch (Figs. 6E- nata (d'Orbigny) from St. Thomas in
G) of about 2 whorls and about 360 shape, but instead of the small
jum in diameter, with a smooth umbilical callus of that species, has
surface at its beginning and fine a remarkable, extremely thick callus,
lateral granulation and 5-6 spiral exceeding that of any other Teinos-
lines of small perforations on the toma except T. pilsbryi. Under high
subsequent part, varix scarcelly power some faint traces of cióse
marked. Teleoconch of about 1 L4 spiral striation can be seen in a few
whorl, rapidly expanding, dorsally places on the unique type. Moore
convex and ventrally concave in the (1964) commented that this species
umbilical area; surface totally is also similar to T. incertum in the
covered by very fine clearly sepa- spiral punctiform lines and in the
rated perforations, spirally aligned shape of the umbilical callus. T.
(Figs. 6G-H) and with a prominent incertum is more depressed and has
cord-like keel at the periphery. A a strong peripheral keel. The strati-
fine callus completely covers the graphic distribution of this species
umbilicus; a fine groove runs is from the Upper Miocene to
between the columella and the Recent. There is a considerable vari-
callus. Aperture ovoid, a little ation of size between the fossil
depressed, with the upper part of shells from the Miocene and Plio-
the external lip sharp and advanced. Pleistocene and the recent ones.
Dimensions: Holotype measures Pilsbry & McGinty (1945a)
1.95 mm in diameter. We have shells described T. goniogyrus on the basis
about 1.3 mm in máximum diame- of a single shell, citing the wider
ter. umbilical callus as the specific dif-
Habitat Mari Bottom, in 18-20 ference from R. carinata. Pilsbry
:
fms (32-56 m) (Pilsbry & McGinty, (1953) figured fossil shells of T.
1945a). It has been found alive goniogyrus from Smithfield, Vir-
between 42 and 59 m, but shells ginia and St. Petersburg, Plio-Pleis-
have been found in sediments col- tocene of Southern Florida and kept
lected between 10 and 100 m. the size of the umbilical callus as the
Distribution: It has been only difference between species. We
recorded from off Destin, west have examined shells from Florida
Florida (Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945a); and Cuba and found very little dif-
from Bocas island, Panama (Olsson ference between them. We have also
& McGinty, 1958); from off north- examined shells from the Pliocene,
west Florida, Southern Haiti and Caloosahatchee Formation, from La
Panama (Moore, 1964); from north- Belle, Florida, and we have not
west Gulf of México (Odé, 1987); observed important differences in
from Florida to Caribbean Panama the size of the umbilical callus. K.J.
(Lyons, 1989; Lee, 2009); from Bush (1897) identified two speci-
Colombia (Díaz Merlano & mens from station 2278, off Cape
Puyana Fíegedus, 1994); also from Flatteras, in 16 fathoms (29 m), as
Cuba. the R. carinata of d'Orbigny.
17
Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
Figures 6A-G. TeinostomagoniogyrusPilsbry&McGinty, 1945.A-D: shells, 1.5, 1.5, 1.4, 1.5 mm,
Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba; E: protoconch; F-G: microsculpture.
&
Figuras 6A-G. Teinostoma goniogyrus Pilsbry McGinty, 1945. A-D: conchas, 1,5, 1,5, 1,4, 1,5
mm, BahíadeCienfuegos, Cuba;E:protoconcha;F-G: microescultura.
In our opinión, R. carinata and T. not found. So, lacking comparative
goniogyrus may be the same material, we keep both species-
species, and the different size of the level taxa waiting until more mate-
umbilical callus is not enough for a rial from the type locality is
specific separation. The problem is obtained in the future in order to
that the shells identified by K.J. decide if there is any specific dif-
Bush as R. carinata in USNM were ference.
18