The extensive Indo-Pacific radiation of Phaenomenella Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) with description of a new species

2013·3.4 MB·English

by  Koen Fraussen

K. FRAUSSHN & P. STAIILSCIlMIUr NOVAI'EX 14(4): 8i-86, 10 décembre 2013
The extensive Indo-Pacific radiation of
&
Phaenomenella Fraussen Hadorn, 2006 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae)
with description of a new species
Koen FRAUSSEN
Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschol, Belgium
koen.IraLissen(^skynet.bc
STAHLSCHMIDT
Peter
Instilute for Environineiilal Seienees
Universitat Koblenz-Eandau
Fortstrasse 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
stahlschmidt(@Lini-landaLi.de
KEYWORDS, Gastropoda, Buccinidae, Phaenomenella, Indo-Pacific, Taiwan, new species.
ABSTRACT. The genus Phaenomenella is briefly reviewed. Phaenomenella vexahilis sp. nov. is
described from deep-water off Taiwan. It is compared with P. mokenoriim Fraussen, 2008 and P.
inflata (Shikama, 1971). The shell shape and the spiral sculpture serve to distinguish the single
known broken shell from ail other known Phaenomenella species.
INTRODUCTION
expéditions to Taiwan; this material is, unless
MNHN.
otherwise stated, deposited in
The genus Phaenomenella Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006
was described to accomodate Manaria inflata Abbreviations
Shikama, 1971 together with other species sharing the
pecLiliar, angulated or pagodoid shape of the apical ANSP: Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia,
teleoconch whorls. The radula morphology proves U.S.A.
also that genus to belong to Pisaniinae. KF: collection Koen Fraussen, Aarschot, Belgium.
Quite early after the description of the genus new MNHN: Muséum
national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris,
ANTUN BRUUN
species hâve turned up from the France.
expédition to the Andaman Sea (Fraussen, 2008) and NMMBM: National Muséum of Marine Biology and
from commercial trawlings by Vietnamese fishermen Aquarium, Mollusca, Checheng, Taiwan.
&
(Fraussen Stahlschmidt, 2012). In addition two NMNS: National Muséum of Natural Science,
further species, described as "Manaria ” callophorella Taichung, Taiwan.
Fraussen, 2004 and Nassaria cirsiiimoides Fraussen, NNT: collection Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Thach, Nha Trang,
2004, were also recognized to belong to Vietnam.
&
Phaenomenella (Fraussen Stahlschmidt, 2012). CP: chalut à perche (beam trawl).
The growing knowledge of the biodiversity and the dd: empty shell, dead collected.
questions regarding the number ofundescribed species
(Bouchet et al, 2008) are well reflected in SYSTEMATICS
Phaenomenella and this genus was one of the
examples given to estimate that the possible number Family BUCCINIDAE Rafmesque, 1815
of buccinid species may be twice as large as the
aiready described ones, if not triple (Fraussen, 2012: Genus Phaenomenella Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006:
21-22, fig. 2).
104.
In the présent paper we add one more species to the
Indo-West Pacific fauna: Phaenomenella vexahilis sp.
Type species: Manaria (?) inflata Shikama, 1971: 31,
nov. from Taiwan.
pl. 3, figs. 7-8 (Taiwan).
Material and Methods
Range. Mainly known from around Taiwan and the
Part of the material reported on in the présent study adjacent East and South China Seas. One species from
originates from the TAIWAN 2000, 2001 and 2002 eastern Indian Océan (Andaman Sea).
81
&
K. Fraussi:n P. Staiilsciimidt Indo-Pacinc radiation oïPhaenomenella.
Reniarks. Flnienonieiiella species are characterized Phaenomenella angiista Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006
by their broader than high protoconch with flattened Figs 8, 13
tip and by a rather sharp angulation just above the
suture with the subséquent whorl. The upper Phaenomenella angiista Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006:
teleoeoneh whorls are shouldered, a shape which is 106-108, figs. 6-9, 20-21.
aecentuated by the axial knobs or ribs, or hâve the
appearance of being shouldered by the presence of Type locality. South China Sea, Taiwan, TAIWAN
obviously eonvex axial ribs. The axial ribs on the first 2000, stn CP27, 22°13.3’N, 120°23.5’E, 326 m.
teleoeoneh whorls are slightly opisthocline, rather
Remarks. Phaenomenella angiista is characterized by
diagonally orientated and gradually becoming more
having a rather thin shell with a slender, fusiform
longitudinally orientated on the abapical whorls (if
shape; strongly eonvex teleoeoneh whorls with a
still présent). The radula has tricuspid outer teeth
& slightly shouldered appearance aecentuated by the
(Fraussen Hadorn, 2006: 104, 109).
axial ribs; a fine spiral sculpture consisting of
The variability in the genus is moderately high (Tabel
alternating fine (primary) and finer (secondary) spiral
1). The general shape ranges from semi-oval to
cords; axial sculpture on the spire whorls only and a
Fusiform, the shape of the spire ranges from
thin, slightly expanded outer apertural lip.
moderately high to elongate and from pagodoid to
conical (laterally flattened whorls); the shape of the Phaenomenella callophorella (Fraussen, 2004)
whorls ranges from sharply angulated over shouldered
Fig. 9
to rather eonvex (but within a species it may vary
from angulated upper spire whorls to eonvex at the “Manaria" callophorella Fraussen, 2004: 86-88, figs.
body whorl). The spiral sculpture may consist of fine 5-10, 13.
primary spiral cords to alternating primary and fmer
secondary spiral cords (but the presence of secondary Type locality. East China Sea between Japan and
spiral cords may vary within a species: from absent to Taiwan, 800-900 m deep, trawled by fishermen from
showing some fine traces) with a single species having Kyushu, Japan.
broad, flattened spiral cords (P. mokenorum Fraussen, Transfered to Phaenomenella by Fraussen &
2008). The axial sculpture may vary from being Stahlschmidt (2012: 86).
présent on the uppermost spire whorls only to being
présent on ail whorls including the body whorl. The Remarks. Phaenomenella callophorella is
shape ofthe protoconch, however, is together with the characterized by the broadly fusiform shell with
slightly diagonally orientated axial ribs on the upper shouldered, rather tabulated teleoeoneh whorls which
spire whorls a constant feature. give the shell a rather pagodoid shape; a fine spiral
Manaria Smith, 1906 (type species: Mamiria sculpture consisting of shai*p primary spiral cords with
thursîoni Smith, 1906, by original désignation) differs broad interspaces; occasional presence of traces of
by having a smaller protoconch consisting ofa slightly minute, obscure secondary spiral cords on the adapical
higher number of whorls with a small naticoid tip; by part ofthe body whorl; the presence ofaxial sculpture
the LiSLially wealky eonvex upper spire whorls; by the (running from suture to suture on the spire whorls and
simple outer lip, and by a cominelloid radula. running from suture to the periphery at the body
Eosipho Thiele, 1929 (type species: Chrysodomiis whorl) on ail whorls and a thick, corneous, yellowish-
(Sipho) smithi Schepman, 1911, by original brown periostracum which may be hirsute on top of
désignation) differs by having smoother whorls with the axial sculpture.
fiattened spiral cords with axial sculpture on the
uppermost whorls only; fine grooves on top of the Phaenomenella cirsiiimoides (Fraussen, 2004)
spiral cords, and by having a cominelloid radula. Fig. 10
Nassaria cirsiiimoicles Fraussen, 2004: 85-86, figs. 1-
Included species
4, 11-12.
Phaenomenella angiista Fraussen & Fladorn, 2006 Type locality. East China Sea, between Japan and
Phaenonienella ccillophore/la (Fraussen, 2004) Taiwan, 800-900 m deep, trawled by fishermen from
Phaenomenella cirsiiimoicles (Fraussen, 2004) Kyushu, Japan.
Phaenomenella injlata (Shikama, 1971 ) Transfered to Phaenomenella by Fraussen &
&
Phaenomenella insulapratasensis (Okutani Lan,
Stahlschmidt (20 2: 86).
1
1994)
Phaenomenella mokenorum Fraussen, 2008
Remarks. Phaenomenella cirsiiimoicles is
&
Phaenonienella lhachi Fraussen Stahlschmidt, 2012
characterized by having a moderately broad, rather
&
Phaenomenella venusta Fraussen Stahlschmidt,
thin shell; an angulated shoulder on ail whorls,
2012
aecentuated by the axial ribs; a fine spiral sculpture
Phaenomenella vexahilis sp. nov. consisting of sharp primary spiral cords with broad
82
1
K. Frausshn & P. Staiilsciimidt NoVAi'i'X 14(4): 81-86, K) décembre 2013
interspaces; in having seeondary spiral cords on lhe expanded outer lip and a rather smooth, yellowish-
adapical part of the whorls only; axial sculpture brown periostracum.
(knobs) présent on ail whorls; a thin, slightly
Character P. inflata P. insulapratasensis P. cirsiitmoides P. calloporella P. anffusta P. tliaclii P. venusta
(îeneral semi-oval semi-oval semi-oval rusilbrm, rusil'orm, fiisirorm, lusiform,
shape siender siender siender siender
Spire moderately low moderately high ratherelongate elongate elongate Elongate
high ratherconieal pagodoid
Dpper spire angulated angulated angulated shouldered shouldered rather weakly
whorls convex angulated
Siibsutural convex convex concave steep convex convex ratherconvex
slope
Whorls weakly convex latérally flattened angular Strongly convex convex Convex
convex
Primary fine fine Sharp Sharp fine fine fine
spiral eorcls Ist whorl: Ist whorl: 7 Ist whorl: 6 1St whorl: 5-6 1St whorl: 5 Ist whorl: 1St whorl: 6
Unknown 3rd whorl: 9-10 3rd whorl: 8-9 3rd whorl: 6 3rd whorl: 6 Unknown 3rd whorl: 7-8
3rd whorl: 6-7 penultimate: 8-12 penultimate: 9-10 penultimate: penultimate: 3rd whorl: 8 penultimate:
penultimate: 8- 10 8-10 penultimate: 13
13 9
Seeondary sonie traces none occasionally some traces on whorl on whorl occasionally
spiral cords and base and base (growing
(nr. per quickly)
interspace)
1 1 1 1 1
Spiral broad, moderately broad broad moderately broad broad moderately
interspaces on base narrow narrow broad
Siphonal medium short medium medium medium medium Medium
canal
outer lip expanded lip moderately thick expanded lip moderately expanded thick varix thick varix
varix 'thick lip
Periostracum smooth smooth smooth to velvety smooth to smooth unknown Unknown
velvety
Range Taiw'an South China Sea East China Sea East China Sea East China South China South China
Sea Sea Sea
Vietnam Vietnam
Table 1. Characteristics ofPhaenomenella species.
Phaenomenella inflata (Shikama, 1971) Remarks. Phaenomenella insulapratasensis is
Figs 3, 1 characterized by the inflated, rather heavy shell with a
broad, oval shape; a strongly angulated shoulder on
Manaria inflata Shikama, 1971: 31, pl. 3, figs. 7-8. the upper spire whorls, accentuated by the axial ribs;
fine spiral cords of same strenght; the presence of
Type locality. Taiwan. axial sculpture on the upper spire whorls only; a thick
Remarks. Phaenomenella inflata is characterized by outer apertural lip which is elegantly pinched where
the moderately broad, rather thin shell with a semi- connected to preceeding whorl and a rather smooth,
oval shape; a strongly angulated shoulder on the upper yellowish-brown periostracum.
spire whorls, accentuated by the axial ribs; a fine The species is known from the South China Sea off
spiral sculpture consisting ofalternating fine (primary) Vietnam and from Taiwan (3 empty shells from SW
and tlner (seeondary) spiral cords; by the presence of coast of Taiwan, TAIWAN 2002: Stn CP 166,
axial sculpture on the upper spire whorls only; a thin, 22°23.8’N, 12()°15.3’E, MNHN).
slightly expanded outer apertural lip and a rather
smooth, yellowish-brown periostracum. Phaenomenella mokenorum Fraussen, 2008
Figs 4, 14
Phaenomenella insulapratasensis
& Phaenomenella mokenorum Fraussen, 2008: 48-50,
(Okutani Lan, 1994)
Figs 5, 12 fig. 1-4.
Type locality. Andaman Sea, E-SE Phuket Island,
&
Aitlacofusus insulapratasensis Okutani Lan, 1994: ANTON BRUUN
stn 17, 07°40’N, 97°08'E, 512-503
1-3, figs. 1-4. m.
Type locality. Pratas Islets (Reef), South China Sea, Remarks. Phaeiiojnenella mokenorum is
300 m deep. characterized by the rather thin and fragile shell with a
83
&
K. 1-RAUSSCN P. STAMLSCIIMIDT Indo-Pacillc radiation o\'PhaenomeneUa.
semi-oval shape with high conical spire; laterally the simple suture (instead ofa shallow canaliculation),
llattened upper spire whoiis; a weak spiral seLÜpture the slightly lower number of primary spiral cords on
consisting of broad but weak spiral eords with narrow the upper spire whorls (6 instead of 8), the lower
interspaces; the presence of axial sculpture on the number ofaxial ribs, and the weaker prelabral varix.
upper spire whorls only; a rather smooth body whori; PhaenomeneUa vemista differs by the slenderer shape
a thin outer apertural lip and a rather velvety, greenish with narrower aperture, the secondary spiral cords
brown periostracum. which grow quickly to the same strenght as the
Pluienonienella insiilapratasensis lias similar laterally primary ones, giving the appearance as ifthe sculpture
tlattened upper spire whorls but differs by the broader consists of cords of equal strenght, the axial sculpture
shape with much shorter spire and the finer spiral which is weak along the penultimate whori and absent
cords. on the body whori, and the much smaller adult size.
PhaenomeneUa
thaclii
& PhaenomeneUa venusta
Fraussen Stahlschmidt, 2012
&
Fraussen Stahlschmidt, 2012
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
PhaenomeneUa thachi Fraussen & Stahlschmidt,
2012; 87-88, fig. 1-5. PhaenomeneUa venusta Fraussen & Stahlschmidt,
Type locality. South China Sea, Vietnam, Khanh Hoa
2012: 88-90, fig. 6-10.
Province, Nha Trang, trawled by local fishermen, 150-
m
200 deep. Type locality. South China Sea, Vietnam, Khanh Hoa
Province, Nha Trang, trawled by local fishermen, 150-
Remarks. PhaenomeneUa thachi is characterized by m
200 deep.
the rather solid shell with fusiform shape, the big
prelabral varix running from suture down to the lower
part ofthe base. The prelabral lip lias a shape one may Remarks. PhaenomeneUa venusta is characterized by
also recognize in some species belonging to Nassaria the narrow aperture, the secondary spiral cords which
Link, 1807 such as Nassaria visayensis Fraussen & grow quickly to reaching a similar strenght as the
Poppe, 2007 (type locality: Philippines, Aliguay, primary ones and give the appearance as if the
trawled betwen 60 and 120 m deep) and the fossil N. sculpture consists of cords of equal strenght, the
wanneri (Tesch in Wanner, 1915) (type locality: absence of axial sculpture on the body whori and the
Indonesia, Timor, between Noil and Noil Taimetan, small adult size.
Pliocène). Nassaria, however, differs in many aspects PhaenomeneUa thachi differs by the broader shape
such as the protoconch morphology and the radula with wider aperture, the spiral sculpture consisting of
characters, to mention the most important ones. cords of clearly unequal strenght, the stronger axial
PhaenomeneUa angiista has a similar shape and sculpture which is still présent on the body whori and
sculpture but differs by the slightly slenderer shape. the larger adult size.
Figures 1-14
1-2. PhaenomeneUa vexabilis sp. nov., holotype, 45.3 mm, Taiwan, offTashi, TAIWAN 2001 stn CPI
1 1,
24°52.2’N, 122°04.3’E, 540-700 m, NMMBM008 54; 3. PhaenomeneUa inflata (Shikama, 1971), 33.8 mm,
1
Taiwan, offSuao, dredged, 190 m, KF-0524; 4. PhaenomeneUa mokenorum Fraussen, 2008, holotype, 55.6 mm,
Andaman Sea, E-SE offPhuket Island, ANTON BRUUN stn 17, 07°40’N, 97°08’E, 5 2-503 m, ANSP 291386;
1
5. PhaenomeneUa insulapratasensis (Okutani & Lan, 1994), 26.0 mm, offVietnam, trawled by fishermen, KF-
3260; 6. PhaenomeneUa thachi Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2012, holotype, 34.4 mm, South China Sea, Vietnam,
Khanh Hoa Province, offNha Trang, trawled by local fishermen, 150-200 m deep, MNHN-25084; 7.
PhaenomeneUa venusta Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2012, paratype 2, 22.2 mm, South China Sea, Vietnam,
Khanh Hoa Province, offNha Trang, trawled by local fishermen, 150-200 m deep, coll. NNT; 8. PhaenomeneUa
angusta Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006, paratype 2, 34.6 mm, between Japan and Taiwan, 800-900 m deep, trawled
by fishermen from Kyushu, Japan, KF-3459; 9. PhaenomeneUa callophorella (Fraussen, 2004), paratype 4, 19.9
mm, South China Sea, Helen Bank, 500 m deep, KF-2833; 10. PhaenomeneUa cirsiiunoides (Fraussen, 2004),
paratype 4, 3 1 .4 mm, between Japan and Taiwan, 800-900 m deep, trawled by fishermen from Kyushu, Japan,
KF; 1 1. Apex o{'PhaenomeneUa inflata (Shikama, 1971 ), same as fig. 3; 12. Apex o\'PhaenomeneUa
insulapratasensis (Okutani & Lan, 1994), offVietnam, trawled by fishermen, KF-1495; 13. Apex of
PhaenomeneUa angusta Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006, holotype, Taiwan, TAIWAN 2000 stn CP27, 22°I3.3'N,
I2()°23.5’E, 326 m, NIVINS-5()7()-0() 14. Apex o\'PhaenomeneUa mokenorum Fraussen, 2008, holotype, same
1 ;
as Fig. 4.
1
84
K. Fraussen & P. Staiilsciimidt NüVAPHX 14(4): 81-86, K) décembre 2013
85
K. Frausshn & P. Staulsciimidt Indo-Pacific radiation o\'Phaenomenellu.
Phaenomeuella vexabilis sp. nov. Phaenomenella inflata lias an identical periostracum
Figs 1-2 and fine axial lamellae in the spiral interspaces but
Type material. Flolotype, 45.3 mm, TAIWAN 2001, differs by the regular spiral sculpture, a rather conical
spire and a smaller adult size.
stnCPlll,NMMBM-008154.
Etymology. Phaenomenella vexabilis sp. nov. is
Type locality. Taiwan, Tashi, TAIWAN 2001, stn named after the Latin expression ve.xabilis (adj.),
CPI 24°52.2’N, 122°04.3’E, 540-700 m. meaning “being maltreated” or “exposed to cruelty”,
1 1,
which refers to the badly broken shell of the single
Range. Only known by the broken (most probably by specimen known yet, witness ofa fatal crab attack.
crab-attack) holotype.
Acknowledgments
mm
Description. Shell rather large for genus, 45.3 in
length, thin, fragile, white, broadly fusiform with We are gratefui to Philippe Bouchet, Virginie Héros
moderately high spire, whorls eonvex, siphonal canal and Philippe Maestrati (Muséum national d'Histoire
short. naturelle, Paris, France) for making material available
Protoconch missing, apex eroded, resulting in shape for study, to Roland Houart (Belgium) for reading and
still SLiggesting a big apex; subsutural concavity correcting the manuscript and to David Monsecour
visible. Remaining teleoconch whorls 6 3/4 in (Belgium) for correcting the English text.
number, septum included. Suture deep, forming
narrow canal. REFERENCES
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&
rather broad spiral cords, equally spaced, except for 2 Bouchet, Ph., Héros, V., Lozouet, P. Maestrati, Ph.
A
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&
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characterized by the fine spiral sculpture with new genus ofdeep-water buccinid (Gastropoda:
alternating 1 broad and 3 fine spiral cords near the Buccinidae) with the description ofa new species
periphery. from Taiwan. Novapex, 7(4): 103-109.
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(shape) and P. inflata (identical periostracum). The Vietnam. Gloria Maris, 51(4): 85-92.
apical sculpture which is characteristic tor the genus Okutani, T. & Lan, T. C. 1994. A new buccinid whelk
(a strongly angulated shape) cannot be proved with collected from Pratas Islets, South China Sea.
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close to similary eroded specimens ofPh inflata. 1-4.
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86