The Experience of Qigong Among Women Cancer Survivors

91 Pages·2017·1.65 MB·English

Antioch University
AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive
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Dissertations & Theses
Dissertations & Theses
2017
The Experience of Qigong Among Women Cancer
Survivors
Jennifer Sveund
Antioch University Seattle
Follow this and additional works at:http://aura.antioch.edu/etds
Part of theAlternative and Complementary Medicine Commons,Clinical Psychology
Commons,Gender and Sexuality Commons,Mental and Social Health Commons,Oncology
Commons, and theWomen's Studies Commons
Recommended Citation
Sveund, Jennifer, "The Experience of Qigong Among Women Cancer Survivors" (2017).Dissertations & Theses. 378.
http://aura.antioch.edu/etds/378
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THE EXPERIENCE OF QIGONG AMONG WOMEN
CANCER SURVIVORS

A Dissertation

Presented to the faculty of
Antioch University Seattle
Seattle, WA

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements of the Degree
Doctor of Psychology

By
Jennifer S. Sveund
May 2017
THE EXPERIENCE OF QIGONG AMONG WOMEN CANCER SURVIVORS

This dissertation, by Jennifer Sveund, has
been approved by the committee members signed below who
recommend that it be accepted by the faculty of the Antioch University
Seattle at Seattle, WA in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of

DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY

Dissertation Committee:

_____________________________________
Jude Bergkamp, Psy.D.
Chairperson

_____________________________________
Amy Davis, Psy.D.

_____________________________________
Tricia Teneycke, Psy.D.

_____________________________________
Date

ii
©Copyright by Jennifer Sveund, 2017

All Rights Reserved

iii
1
ABSTRACT
THE EXPERIENCE OF QIGONG AMONG WOMEN CANCER SURVIVORS
Jennifer Sveund
Antioch University Seattle
Seattle, WA
Research has shown that qigong can be beneficial for a variety of health related conditions;
However, evidence suggests that in the United States, a lack of well designed clinical trials
limits the efficacy of qigong in the context of cancer treatment. Research has indicated that
careful consideration should be given to the design of randomized control trials using qigong
due to the conflicting philosophical methodologies. In the United States, qigong has been
under investigated, particularly lacking are qualitative inquiries into qigong use and cancer
survivorship. This study is an interpretative phenomenological inquiry that sought to
understand women’s experience of qigong in the context of cancer survivorship in the United
States. The study included twelve adult women at various phases of cancer survivorship.
Participants provided interviews related to their experience. The qualitative interpretative
phenomenological methodology provided a framework through which a deeper
understanding of the lived experience of the participants could be achieved. Thus, a deeper
insight was gained into the shared meaning of qigong use in the lives of women who have
lived with cancer. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA,
http://aura.antioch.edu/ and Ohio Link ETD Center https://etd.ohiolink.edu/etd.
Keywords: Qigong, women, cancer, interpretative phenomenological, United States
Acknowledgements
The dissertation process has been a long journey to which many have offered inspiration
and contributions. Special thanks to my committee members Dr. Jude Bergkamp, Dr. Tricia
Teneycke, and Dr. Amy Davis for their patience, insight, and guidance; to Christopher
Bonnichsen for introducing me to the practice of soaring crane qigong; to my wonderful and
inspiring qigong teacher, Dennis Cole; and to my friends and family for their ongoing support. A
very special thanks to the individuals who participated in this study for their courage and the
generous contribution of intimate life experience that made this research possible.
v
Table of Contents Page

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... viii
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1
Definition of Cancer Survivor .............................................................................................. 2
Definition of Mind-in-Body .................................................................................................. 2
Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 3
Cancer Definition and Explanation of Staging ..................................................................... 3
Cancer Statistics .................................................................................................................... 4
Cancer Etiology .................................................................................................................... 5
Allopathic Approaches to Cancer Treatment ........................................................................ 6
Cancer Treatment Related Impacts ....................................................................................... 8
Quality of Life of Older Women Related to Cancer Treatment ......................................... 13
Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Practices ..................................................... 14
Traditional Chinese Medicine ............................................................................................. 18
Qigong ................................................................................................................................. 21
Medical Qigong ...................................................................................................................... 22
Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 27
Methods and Research Design ................................................................................................ 28
Methods Rationale .............................................................................................................. 29
An Overview of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) .................................... 29
Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 36
Member Checking ............................................................................................................... 40
v i
Role of the Researcher ............................................................................................................ 41
Results ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Domain A: The Initial Impacts of Cancer Diagnosis .......................................................... 44
Domain B: Experiences of Cancer Treatment .................................................................... 46
Domain C: Post Treatment and “Getting Back to the New Normal” ................................. 50
Member Checking Results .................................................................................................. 53
Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 53
Domain A: The Initial Impacts of Cancer Diagnosis ......................................................... 53
Domain B: Experiences of Cancer Treatment ................................................................... 54
Domain C: Post Treatment and “Getting Back to the New Normal” ................................. 56
Limitations .............................................................................................................................. 57
Implications for Clinical Practice and Research ..................................................................... 58
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 61
References ............................................................................................................................... 63
Appendix A: Code Cloud ........................................................................................................ 73
Appendix B: Code Application ............................................................................................... 75
Appendix C: Permissions ........................................................................................................ 77
Appendix D: Process Art ........................................................................................................ 79
Relationship to Qigong ..................................................................................................... 80
Relationship to Cancer ...................................................................................................... 81
Researcher Reflections ...................................................................................................... 82

vi i
List of Tables Page
1. Phases of Thematic Analysis……………………………………………………………..39

2. Domains and Themes………………………………….…………………………………4
vi ii
1
Introduction
Research has shown that qigong can be beneficial for a variety of health-related
conditions. However, evidence suggests that in the United States, a lack of well-designed clinical
trials limits current understandings of the efficacy of qigong in the context of cancer treatment
(Lee, Chen, Sancier, & Ernst, 2007). Research has also indicated that, due to conflicting
philosophical methodologies, careful consideration should be given to the design of randomized
controlled trials using qigong (Ai, 2003). In the United States, qigong has been under examined,
particularly in terms of the qualitative inquiries exploring qigong use and cancer survivorship.
This study consists of an interpretative phenomenological inquiry that seeks to
understand women’s experience of qigong in the context of cancer survivorship in the Unites
States. The study included twelve adult women who provided interviews related to their
experience of qigong in the context of cancer survivorship. The qualitative interpretative
phenomenological methodology provided a framework through which a deeper understanding of
the lived experience of the participants could be achieved, thus providing a deeper understanding
of the impact of qigong in the lives of women who have lived with cancer.
The literature review first defines terms used in this study, including cancer. Next, it
explores cancer treatment from Western as well as Eastern perspectives, situating the study in a
current historical context by including a brief discussion of conventional Western medical
approaches as well as a more in-depth review of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Qigong.
Particular attention was given to the demographic of older women to provide context for the
participants in the study. The review also examines the recent movement toward complementary
and integrative approaches in oncology in the United States.