The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence PDF
Preview The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence
TheEvolutionofThought EvolutionaryOriginsofGreatApeIntelligence Research on the evolution of higher intelligence rarely com- binesdatafromfieldsasdiverseaspaleontologyandpsychol- ogy. In this volume we seek to do just that, synthesizing the approachesofhominoidcognition,psychology,languagestud- ies,ecology,evolution,paleoecology,andsystematicstowardsan understandingofgreatapeintelligence.Leadingscholarsfrom allthesefieldshavebeenaskedtoevaluatethemannerinwhich each of their topics of research informs our understanding of the evolution of intelligence in great apes and humans. The ideasthusassembledrepresentthemostcomprehensivesurvey todateofthevariouscausesandconsequencesofcognitiveevo- lutioningreatapes.TheEvolutionofThoughtwillthereforebe anessentialreferenceforgraduatestudentsandresearchersin evolutionarypsychology,paleoanthropology,andprimatology. A E. R is a professor of psychology at Glendon College of York University in Toronto. Since 1989 she has beenstudyingintelligenceandlearninginex-captiveorangutans released to free forest life in central and eastern Indonesian Borneo. DR.BisaprofessorofanthropologyattheUniver- sityofToronto.HeisaleadingresearcherinMiocenehominoid paleobiology.Hiscurrentresearchinterestscenteronthebio- geography of great ape and human origins and the relations betweenMiocenehominoidsandtheearliesthumans. The Evolution of Thought Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence Editedby Anne E. Russon DepartmentofPsychology,GlendonCollege,YorkUniversity,Toronto David R. Begun DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityofToronto,Toronto cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521783354 © Cambridge University Press 2004 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2004 isbn-13 978-0-511-19567-9 eBook (NetLibrary) isbn-10 0-511-19567-2 eBook (NetLibrary) isbn-13 978-0-521-78335-4 hardback isbn-10 0-521-78335-6 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Listofcontributors vii 9 Evolutionofcomplexfeedingtechniquesin Preface ix primates:isthistheoriginofgreatape intelligence? 140 1 Evolutionaryreconstructionsofgreatape intelligence 1 10 Thespecialdemandsofgreatapelocomotion . andposture 172 2 Enhancedcognitivecapacityasacontingentfact . ofhominidphylogeny 15 11 Greatapesocialsystems 190 . . , PARTI COGNITIONINLIVINGGREATAPES , . Introduction 29 . 12 Dietandforagingofthegreatapes:ecological constraintsontheirsocialorganizationsand 3 Themanualskillsandcognitionthatliebehind implicationsfortheirdivergence 210 hominidtooluse 31 . 4 Thecognitivecomplexityofsocialorganization PARTIII FOSSILGREATAPEADAPTATIONS andsocializationinwildbaboonsand Introduction 235 chimpanzees:guidedparticipation,socializing . interactions,andeventrepresentation 45 13 Paleoenvironmentsandtheevolutionof adaptabilityingreatapes 237 5 Gesturalcommunicationinthegreatapes 61 14 Cranialevidenceoftheevolutionof 6 Greatapecognitivesystems 76 intelligenceinfossilapes 260 . . PARTII MODERNGREATAPEADAPTATION 15 Lifehistoryandcognitiveevolutioninthe Introduction 101 apes 280 . 7 What’sinabrain?Thequestionofadistinctive 16 Fossilhominoiddiets,extractiveforaging,and brainanatomyingreatapes 105 theoriginsofgreatapeintelligence 298 . 8 Lifehistoriesandtheevolutionoflargebrain 17 Paleontology,terrestriality,andtheintelligence sizeingreatapes 122 ofgreatapes 320 . v vi Contents 18 Bodysizeandintelligenceinhominoid evolution 335 . , , . PARTIV INTEGRATION 19 Evolutionaryoriginsofgreatapeintelligence: anintegratedview 353 . . Authorindex 369 Speciesindex 373 Subjectindex 375 Contributors . DepartmentofAnthropology TheGeologicalInstituteofHungary UniversityofToronto H-1143Budapest Toronto,ONM5S3G3,Canada Stefa´niau´t14,Hungary [email protected] kordos@mafi.hu . DepartmentofPsychology DepartmentofAnthropology YorkUniversity LangaraCollege 4700KeeleSt Vancouver,BCV5Y2Z6,Canada NorthYork,ONM3J1P3,Canada [email protected] . SchoolofPsychology DepartmentofAnthropology UniversitySt.Andrews SonomaStateUniversity St.Andrews,FifeKY169JU,Scotland,UK RohnertPark,CA94928,USA [email protected] [email protected] DepartmentofAnthropology Director,HumanOriginsProgram 107SwallowHall DepartmentofAnthropology UniversityofMissouri NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory Columbia,MO65211,USA SmithsonianInstitute [email protected] Washington,DC20560-0112,USA [email protected] . DepartmentofAnthropology NorthernIllinoisUniversity LivingLinks,YerkesPrimateCenter DeKalb,IL60115-2854,USA EmoryUniversity [email protected] 954NorthGatewoodRoad Atlanta,GA30329,USA . Presentaddress:Haydnstraße25,44147Dortmund, DepartmentofAnthropology,SB130 Germany IndianaUniversity Bloomington,IN47405,USA [email protected] SchoolofLife&SportSciences UniversityofSurrey London,UK DepartmentofOralBiology,CollegeofDentistry [email protected] UniversityofIllinoisatChicago 801SouthPaulinaSt. . Chicago,IL60612-7213,USA DepartmentofPsychology [email protected] GlendonCollege,YorkUniversity vii viii Listofcontributors 2275BayviewAve. UniversityofMissouri Toronto,ONM4N3M6,Canada Columbia,MO65211,USA [email protected] [email protected] . DepartmentofAnatomy DepartmentofAnthropology MidwesternUniversity YaleUniversity 55531stStreet P.O.Box208277 DownersGrove,IL60515,USA NewHaven,CT06520-8277,USA [email protected] . LaboratoryofHumanEvolutionStudies BiologicalAnthropologyandAnatomy FacultyofScience,KyotoUniversity DukeUniversity Sakyo-ku,Kyoto,606-8502,Japan Box90383Durham,NC27708-0383,USA [email protected] [email protected] . GraduateSchoolofAsianandAfricanStudies DepartmentofAnthropology KyotoUniversity DepartmentofPathologyandAnatomicalSciences Sakyo-ku,Kyoto,606-8502,Japan 107SwallowHall [email protected] Preface Thisbookarosefromthreerealizations.First,thereis picturepossibletoday.Weaskedallourcontributorsto an important need for good models of great ape cog- exploretheimplicationsoftheirrealmofexpertisefor nitiveevolution.Studiesofcomparativeprimatecogni- cognitionandcognitiveevolution.Wearegratefultoall tionoverthelasttwodecadesincreasinglyshowthatall ofthemfortheirwillingnesstoembarkonthisenterprise greatapesshareagradeofcognitiondistinctfromthat andforstickingwiththesometimestryingprocessoffit- ofothernonhumanprimates.Theircognitionappears tingthisbroadrangeofmaterialtogether.Theproductis tobeintermediateincomplexitybetweenthatofother acompilationofourcontributors’viewsonadaptations nonhuman primates and humans, so it offers the best relevant to cognition in the great ape lineage and our available model of the cognitive platform from which attempttointegratetheirmaterialintoacoherentpic- humancognitionevolved.Understandingtheposition ture.Oursenseisthatacoherentpicturedoesemerge. ofthegreatapesisthenessentialtounderstandingcog- Thatcontributorsworkingfromverydifferentperspec- nitiveevolutionwithintheprimateorderandultimately, tivesoftenvoicedsimilarconclusionsaddstooursense inhumans.Second,existingreconstructionsoftheevo- thatthispicturehasconsiderablesubstance. lutionaryoriginsofgreatapecognitionareallinneed We do not presume that our reconstruction will of revision because of advances in research on great closethebookontheevolutionaryoriginsofgreatape ape cognition itself, on modern great ape adaptation, cognition. Although we covered most if not all of the andonfossilhominoids.Third,developinganaccurate major issues currently recognized as important in the pictureoftheevolutionaryoriginsofgreatapeintelli- evolutionofgreatapementality,thebreadthofthema- gencerequiresbringingtogetherexpertisefromahighly terial involved means that our coverage is inevitably diverserangeoffieldsbeyondmoderngreatapecogni- brief. Further, our contributors pointed to additional tion.Essentialarecurrentunderstandingsofthebrain, factorsinneedofconsiderationandthereremainvast life histories, social and ecological challenges, and the areas of importance that have been little researched interactions among them in both living and ancestral or that are still crying for evidence. This picture will hominids. undoubtedly change as understanding improves. Our Wethereforeassembledateamofcontributorswith hopeisthatthiscollectiveworkwillcontributetofilling expertise spanning the topics currently recognized as theneedforgoodmodelsoftheevolutionaryoriginsof relevanttocognitiveevolutioninthegreatapelineage, greatapeintelligenceandatthesametimespurefforts withtheaimofpiecingtogetherthemostcomprehensive toimproveourpicturewhereitproveslacking. ix
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