Table Of Content

TheEvilInclinationinEarlyJudaismandChristianity OneofthecentralconceptsinrabbinicJudaismisthenotionoftheEvil Inclination,whichappearstoberelatedtosimilarconceptsinancient Christianityandthewiderlateantiqueworld.Thepreciseoriginsand understandingoftheidea,however,areunknown.Thisvolumetraces thedevelopmentofthisconcepthistoricallyinJudaismandassessesits impactonemergingChristianthoughtconcerningtheoriginsofsin.The chapters, which cover a wide range of sources including the Bible, the Ancient Versions, Qumran, Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha, the Targums, and rabbinic and patristic literature, advance our understanding of the intellectual exchange between Jews and Christians in classical Antiquity, as well as the intercultural exchange between these communities and the societies in which they were situated. James Aitken is Reader in Hebrew and Early Jewish Studies at the FacultyofDivinity,UniversityofCambridge.PublicationsincludeNo StoneUnturned:GreekInscriptionsandSeptuagintVocabulary(2014) andTheT&TClarkCompaniontotheSeptuagint(2015). Hector Michael Patmore is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies at the KU Leuven. His research focuses on the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible and the development of Jewish beliefs in Antiquity. Publications include Adam,Satan,andthe KingofTyreand TheTransmission ofTargum JonathanintheWest. Ishay Rosen-Zvi is Professor in the Department of Jewish Philosophy andTalmudatTelAvivUniversity.Ascholarofrabbinicliterature,he was elected to the Israel Young Academy of Sciences in 2013. He is author of several books, most recently, Goy: Israel’s Multiple Others andtheBirthoftheGentile. The Evil Inclination in Early Judaism and Christianity Edited by JAMES AITKEN UniversityofCambridge HECTOR M. PATMORE KULeuven ISHAY ROSEN-ZVI TelAvivUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314 321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi 110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06 04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108470827 doi:10.1017/9781108557153 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData names:Patmore,HectorM.,editor.|Aitken,JamesK.(JamesKeltie),1968 editor.| RosenZvi,Ishay,editor. title:TheevilinclinationinearlyJudaismandChristianity/editedbyHector Patmore,JamesAitken,IshayRosenZvi. description:Cambridge;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2021.| Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2020028438(print)|lccn2020028439(ebook)|isbn 9781108470827(hardback)|isbn9781108557153(ebook) subjects:lcsh:Yetzerhara(Judaism)|Goodandevil Religiousaspects Judaism.| Goodandevil Religiousaspects Christianity.|Sin Christianity Historyof doctrines Earlychurch,ca.30 600. classification:lccbj1286.y48e952021(print)|lccbj1286.y48(ebook)|ddc 296.3/6 dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020028438 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020028439 isbn9781108470827Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthirdpartyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents Acknowledgments pagevii ListofContributors viii 1 Introduction J.K.Aitken,H.M.Patmore,andI.Rosen-Zvi 1 2 ReconsideringtheSemanticsofthe“Inclination”(yesẹ r) inClassicalBiblicalHebrew NoamMizrahi 13 3 The“Inclination”(yesẹ r)asRenderedintheSeptuagint JamesK.Aitken 33 4 “FleshlySpirit”and“VesselofFlesh”in4QInstruction andtheThanksgivingHymns BenjaminWold 49 5 TheologicalAnthropologyintheEnochicTradition LorenStuckenbruck 65 6 ThePerilsofPhilosophicalPersuasion:PhiloontheOrigin ofMoralEvils SharonWeisser 95 7 TheEvilInclination(yesẹ rha-ra‘)inTannaiticLiterature: DemonicDesiresandBeyond IshayRosen-Zvi 115 8 ConflictingIntrapersonalPowersinPaul’sLetters DanielSchumann 126 9 The“TwoInclinations”andtheDouble-MindedHuman ConditionintheLetterofJames GeorgevanKooten 143 v vi Contents 10 AnEvilInclinationintheEarlyTargumstothePentateuch andProphets? HectorM.Patmore 159 11 “Gnostic”TheologiesofEvil TimothyPettipiece 176 12 TheRabbinic“Inclination”(yesẹ r)andtheChristian Apocrypha MonikaPesthy-Simon 186 13 OrigenontheOriginofSin RiemerRoukema 201 14 AugustineontheDiabolicalSuggestionofSin SophieLunn-Rockliffe 212 15 Jeromeandthe“Inclination”(yesẹ r):TheEvidence oftheVulgate C.T.R.Hayward 232 16 RabbinicInclinationsandMonasticThoughts:Evagrius Ponticus’DoctrineofReasoning(logismoi) andItsAntecedents AugustineCasiday 247 17 “Inclination”(yasṛ ā)intheSyriacTradition DavidG.K.Taylor 262 18 Evil,Sin,andInclination(yesẹ r)inJewishandChristian PoeticDisputesbetweentheBodyandSoul OphirMünz-Manor 280 19 TheWizardofĀ zandtheEvilInclination:TheBabylonian RabbinicInclination(yesẹ r)inItsZoroastrian andManicheanContext YishaiKiel 294 20 TheEvilInclinationintheTargumstotheWritings LeeorGottlieb 315 References 331 IndexofNames 358 IndexLocorum 360 Acknowledgments We would like to take this opportunity to express our thanks to the organisations and individuals whose contributions made this volume possible.Firstandforemost,wearegratefultothecontributorsfortheir willingnesstoparticipateinthisprojectandtheirpatience asitmadeits long way to publication. The costs of the original conference and preparation of the indicies were generously covered by an anonymous sponsor. In addition, Fitzwilliam College provided us with a congenial settingandensuredasmoothrunningoftheconference.Wenotetoothe contributionofLaFondationduJudaïsmeFrançais,whichfundedHector Patmore’sresearchstayinStrasbourg,duringwhichtimehewasableto preparehiscontributiontothisproject.Thatthisprojecthasfinallycome tofruitionintheformofthiseditedvolumeisthankstotheSyndicateof CambridgeUniversityPressandtotheeditorialandproductionteamsof the Press, among whom Beatrice Rehl, Eilidh Burrett, Caroline Morley, Sudarsan Siddarthan, and Mathivathini Mareesan. We note with particular appreciation the contribution of our copy-editor, Mary Starkey, who carefully weeded out the last remaining infelicities and inconsistencies. In addition to the team at Cambridge University Press, SophiaJohnsonhelpeduspreparetheindices.Toalltheseweextendour warmestthanks. vii Contributors James Aitken, Reader in Hebrew and Early Jewish Studies, Faculty of Divinity,UniversityofCambridge. AugustineCasiday,HonorarySeniorResearchFellow,SchoolofHistory, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University and Affiliate Lecturer, DepartmentofTheology,UniversityofGlasgow. Leeor Gottlieb, Lecturer, Zalman Shamir Bible Department, Bar-Ilan University. RobertHayward,ProfessorofHebrew(retired),DepartmentofTheology andReligion,UniversityofDurham. Yishai Kiel, Research Fellow, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Sophie Lunn-Rockliffe, Lecturer in Patristics, Faculty of Divinity, UniversityofCambridge. Noam Mizrahi, Associate Professor, Department of Bible, Hebrew UniversityofJerusalem. Ophir Münz-Manor, Associate Professor of Rabbinic Culture, DepartmentofHistory,PhilosophyandJudaicStudies,OpenUniversity ofIsrael. Hector M. Patmore, Associate Professor in Biblical Studies, Faculty of TheologyandReligiousStudies,KULeuven. viii ListofContributors ix MonikaPesthy-Simon,IndependentScholarandDoctoroftheHungarian AcademyofSciences,Budapest. Timothy Pettipiece, Instructor, College of Humanities, Carleton University,andDepartmentofClassicsandReligiousStudies,University ofOttawa. IshayRosen-Zvi,ProfessorandHeadoftheTalmudandLateAntiquity Section,DepartmentofJewishPhilosophy,TelAvivUniversity. Riemer Roukema, Research Professor in Early Christianity, Protestant TheologicalUniversity,Groningen. DanielSchumann,MarieSkłodowska-CurieFellow,FacultyofTheology andReligion,UniversityofOxford. Loren T. Stuckenbruck, Professor of New Testament, Faculty of ProtestantTheology,Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversity,Munich. DavidG.K.Taylor,AssociateProfessorofAramaicandSyriac,Facultyof OrientalStudies,UniversityofOxford. George van Kooten, Lady Margaret’s Professor of Divinity, Faculty of Divinity,UniversityofCambridge. Sharon Weisser, Senior Lecturer in Ancient Philosophy, Department of Philosophy,TelAvivUniversity. Benjamin Wold, Associate Professor of Early Judaism & Christianity, School of Religion, Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, TrinityCollegeDublin,theUniversityofDublin.