THE EVERYTHING ® SIGN LANGUAGE BOOK SECOND EDITION Dear Reader, As the parent of a son who was bor n profoundly deaf, I quickly realized how impor tant it was for my son to communicate with those who were involved in his daily world. I also realized, after exploring a number of other methods, that signing was the most effective way for David to communicate. American Sign Language allowed him to express his needs and to share what was on his mind with other people. As I began my early journey into the world of sign language, instructional guides were limited. Books were difficult to understand and imitate, leaving many questions unanswered in acquiring this valuable mode of ® communication. Therefore, I’ve tried to make The Everything Sign Language Book, 2nd Edition user-friendly, and it is my hope you will find this book offers an easy and pleasant learning journey into the wonderful world of sign language. Over the pa st twenty-eight years, I have developed and taught courses Language and I have ser vices in American Sign presented an array of in-can open door s and students and effort in learning this language a joy to watch seen how enthusiasm for all. It has been improved communication while they learn new and lead to acquire a new way to communicate of all ages American Sign Language is a beautiful language that can communicate things about themselves. American Sign Language is a beautiful language that can communicate what is in your mind and in your heart. My wish for you is to learn from this book, enjoy what you learn, and, most importantly, use what you learn. Sincerely, EVERYTHING Welcome to the Series! ® These handy, accessible books give you all you need to tackle a difficult project, gain a new hobby, comprehend a fascinating topic, prepare for an exam, or even brush up on something you learned back in school but have since forgotten. ® You can choose to read an Everything book from cover to cover or just pick out the information you want from our four useful boxes: e-questions, e-facts, e- alerts, and e-ssentials. We give you everything you need to know on the subject, but throw in a lot of fun stuff along the way, too. ® We now have more than 400 Everything books in print, spanning such wide- ranging categories as weddings, pregnancy, cooking, music instruction, foreign language, crafts, pets, New Age, and so much more. When you’re done reading ® them all, you can finally say you know Everything ! PUBLISHER Karen Cooper DIRECTOR OF ACQUISITIONS AND INNOVATION Paula Munier MANAGING EDITOR , EVERYTHING SERIES Lisa Laing COPY CHIEF Casey Ebert ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Lisa Laing SENIOR DEVELOPMENT EDITOR Brett Palana-Shanahan EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Hillary Thompson MODELS Molly Howett and Tiffany Nardini ® Visit the entire Everything series at www.everything.com American Sign Language made easy Irene Duke Copyright © 2009, 2004 by F+W Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher; exceptions are made for brief excerpts used in published reviews. ® An Everything Series Book. ® ® Everything and everything.com are registered trademarks of F+W Media, Inc. Published by Adams Media, a division of F+W Media, Inc. 57 Littlefield Street, Avon, MA 02322 U.S.A. www.adamsmedia.com ISBN 10: 1-59869-883-4 ISBN 13: 978-1-59869-883-1 eISBN: 978-1-60550-752-1 Printed in the United States of America. J I H G F E D C B A Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. —From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and Adams Media was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters. Interior photographs: Joe Ciarcia / Symphony Photography This book is available at quantity discounts for bulk purchases. For information, please call 1-800-289-0963. This book is dedicated to my son David; to make his world a better place, and to my past, present and future students; and to the many others who will benefit from a better understanding of sign language. Contents Top Ten Reasons You Should Learn Sign Language Introduction 1 What Is Sign Language? A Visual Form of Communication American Sign Language Signed English Contact Signing/Pidgin Sign English Home Signs Fingerspelling What You Will Learn Who Uses Sign Language? 2 The Origins and History of Sign Language The Beginning The Creators The Golden Age of Deaf Education The Dark Age of Sign Language History A Year Worth Remembering Sign Language Today 3 Strategies for Learning Early ASL Awkwardness Which Hand Do I Use? Some Signs Require Two Hands Strategies Eye Contact 4 Fingerspelling Situations That Call for Fingerspelling Talking to Yourself Becoming an Accurate Fingerspeller Hand Warm-Up Spelling Bee Initialized Signs Fingerspelled Loan Signs Abbreviations and States 5 Get a Firm Grip on the Rules The Big Four Signing Space Intonation Sign Etiquette Plurals Sign Order 6 Questions, Questions! Two Types of Questions Applying Nonmanual Behaviors Answering Questions Signing Wh-Words Sign Variations The Interview Rhetorical Questions 7 Variety Is the Spice of Life Describing People Color My World Dress Me Up They’ve Got the Look The Good and Bad Pronouns and Possessives 8 Count 1-2-3 It’s All in the Numbers Counting to Ten Conversations with Letters and Numbers Tackling Eleven Through Nineteen Counting to Ninety Big Numbers Fractions Money Signing Everyday Numbers 9 Friends, Family, and Acquaintances Genders Family Relationships People You Know The Workplace and the ADA 10 The Whole Picture A Face Is Worth a Thousand Signs Lean into It with Body Language Using Signs in Storytelling Classifiers, the Powerful Tool Mold It, Shape It 11 Ready, Set, Go! Let Your Fingers Do the Walking Sport Signs Additional Compound Signs Play Ball! 12 Father Time Past, Present, and Future Signing a Specific Time General Times Learning the Calendar Time to Celebrate