The Everyday Crusade: Christian Nationalism in American Politics PDF
Preview The Everyday Crusade: Christian Nationalism in American Politics
TheEverydayCrusade WhatiscausingtheAmericanpublictomovemoreopenlyintoalt-right terrain? What explains the uptick in anti-immigrant hysteria, isolationism, and an increasing willingness to support alternatives to democratic governance? The Everyday Crusade provides an answer. ThebookpointstoAmericanReligiousExceptionalism(ARE),awidely held religious nationalist ideology steeped in myth about the nation’s original purpose. The book opens with a comprehensive synthesis of research on nationalism and religion in American public opinion. Making use of twelve years’ worth of national and state surveys, it then develops a new theory of why Americans form extremist attitudes, based on religious exceptionalism myths. The book closes with an examination of what’s next for an American public that confrontsnewglobalissues,alongsideexistingchallengestoperceived cultural authority. Timely and enlightening, The Everyday Crusade offers a critical touchstone for better understanding American nationalidentityandtheexclusionaryideologiesthathaveplaguedthe nationsinceitsinception. EricL.McDanielisanAssociateProfessorandco-directorofthePolitics ofRaceandEthnicityLabattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Heisthe author of Politics in the Pews: The Political Mobilization of Black Churches(2008). IrfanNooruddinistheHamadbinKhalifaAl-ThaniProfessorofIndian Politics in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He is the author of Coalition Politics and Economic Development (2011) and Elections in Hard Times (2016, withT.E.Flores). Allyson F. Shortle is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the UniversityofOklahoma.Sheservesasthechairofthefacultyadvisory boardforOU’sCommunityEngagementandExperimentsLaboratory (CEEL)anddirectstheOklahomaCityCommunityPoll. Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press The Everyday Crusade Christian Nationalism in American Politics ERIC L. MCDANIEL TheUniversityofTexasatAustin IRFAN NOORUDDIN GeorgetownUniversity ALLYSON F. SHORTLE UniversityofOklahoma Published online by Cambridge University Press UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781316516263 doi:10.1017/9781009029445 ©EricL.McDaniel,IrfanNooruddin,andAllysonF.Shortle2022 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2022 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:McDaniel,EricL.,1976–author.|Nooruddin,Irfan,author.|Shortle,Allyson F.,author. title:Theeverydaycrusade:ChristiannationalisminAmericanpolitics/EricL. McDaniel,IrfanNooruddin,AllysonF.Shortle. description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversity Press,2022.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2021053514(print)|lccn2021053515(ebook)|isbn 9781316516263(hardback)|isbn9781009029445(ebook) subjects:lcsh:Christianityandpolitics–UnitedStates.|Conservatism–United States–Religiousaspects–Christianity.|Nationalism–UnitedStates–Religiousaspects– Christianity.|Whitenationalism–UnitedStates.|RepublicanParty(U.S.:1854–) classification:lccbr526.m292022(print)|lccbr526(ebook)|ddc277.308/3– dc23/eng/20211227 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021053514 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021053515 isbn978-1-316-51626-3Hardback isbn978-1-009-01458-8Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Published online by Cambridge University Press Formymentor,BishopCornalGarnettHenning,Sr.–E.L.M. ForEsmeandEmil:“Imaginethere’snocountries.”–I.N. Formymother,Brenda.–A.F.S. Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press Contents ListofFigures pageviii ListofTables xii Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 1 Myths,Gods,andNations 13 2 WhoAretheBelievers? 39 3 WhoDwellsinHisHouse? 68 4 WhatDoWeOweStrangers? 99 5 EvangelizingAmericanReligiousExceptionalism 122 6 GoverningtheTemple 163 7 TheViewfromtheBackPews 187 Conclusion 211 Appendix 217 Notes 223 References 228 Index 261 vii Published online by Cambridge University Press Figures 1.1 Differencebetweencitizensofotherdevelopednationsandthe UnitedStatesregardingfeelingstowardthenation page21 1.2 FrequencyoftheuseofGodandotherreligiouslanguagein presidentialinauguraladdresses 33 2.1 BeliefinGod,importanceofreligion,andreligiousactivity amongselectdevelopednations 41 2.2 Religiousbeliefsandpracticesacrossdevelopedcountries 42 2.3 Freedomsdeemedasveryimportanttohaveinnation 43 2.4 Attitudestowardreligion,religiousorganizations,and religionandsociety(1990–2020) 44 2.5 Ifyourpartynominatedagenerallywell-qualifiedpersonfor presidentwhohappenedtobe...,wouldyouvoteforthat person? 46 2.6 PercentageofpeoplewhoagreeGodgrantedAmerica aspecialroleinhumanhistoryandthatnationaltragedies aredivinepunishmentsbyreligioustradition 49 2.7 Distributionofdissidents,laity,anddisciplesofAmerican religiousexceptionalism 52 2.8 AgreementwiththeideathatnationaltragediesareGod’s punishmentgivenplacementontheAmericanreligious exceptionalismscale 53 2.9 Percentofmembersinreligioustraditionswhoareclassifiedas dissidents,laity,anddisciplesofAmericanreligious exceptionalism 55 2.10 Percentageofpeoplewhoaredissidents,laity,ordisciplesof Americanreligiousexceptionalismgivenworship attendanceandbiblicalinerrancybeliefs 56 viii Published online by Cambridge University Press ListofFigures ix 2.11 Predictedprobabilityofbeingadissident,laity,ordiscipleof Americanreligiousexceptionalismgivenreligioustradition 58 2.12 Predictedprobabilityofbeingadissident,laity,ordiscipleof Americanreligiousexceptionalismgivenworshipservice attendanceandbiblicalinerrancy 59 2.13 Predictedprobabilityofbeingadissident,laity,ordiscipleof Americanreligiousexceptionalismgivenadherenceto Schwartz’ssuperordinatevalues 64 2.14 Predictedprobabilityofbeingadissident,laity,ordiscipleof Americanreligiousexceptionalismgivenpersonalitytraits 66 3.1 Predictedprobabilityofnationalattachmentaspredictedby religioustradition 74 3.2 Predictedprobabilityofexpressingnationalprideandhubrisas predictedbyreligioustradition 76 3.3 Predictedprobabilityofviewingprotestsaspositivegiventhe protester,byreligioustradition 77 3.4 Predictedprobabilityofnationalidentitygivenagreement withthebeliefthatGodhasgrantedtheUnitedStates aspecialroleinhumanhistory 79 3.5 Predictedprobabilityofexpressingnationalhubrisgiven agreementwiththebeliefthatGodhasgrantedtheUnited Statesaspecialroleinhumanhistory 80 3.6 Predictedvaluesofnationalattachmentgivenadherenceto Americanreligiousexceptionalism 82 3.7 Predictedvaluesofsupportfornationalcontenttraditions givenadherencetoAmericanreligiousexceptionalism 88 3.8 Predictedprobabilitiesandvaluesofattitudestoward racialissuesandracialgroupsgivenadherencetoAmerican religiousexceptionalism 91 3.9 Predictedprobabilitiesofattitudestowardreligiousissuesand religiousgroupsgivenadherencetoAmericanreligious exceptionalism 93 3.10 Predictedprobabilitiesofdisapprovingorcontrollingthe constructionofMuslimculturalcentersandmosquesgiven adherencetoAmericanreligiousexceptionalism 96 3.11 Predictedprobabilitiesandvaluesofattitudesrelatedtothe legitimacyofwomen’scomplaintsandthebeliefWhite masculinityisunderattackgivenadherencetoAmerican religiousexceptionalism 97 4.1 Predictedvaluesandprobabilitiesofattitudestoward immigrants 104 4.2 Predictedprobabilitiesofperceivedimmigrationstatus byglobalregion 106 Published online by Cambridge University Press x ListofFigures 4.3 Predictedprobabilitiesofattitudestowardtherate ofimmigration 107 4.4 Predictedprobabilitiesofimmigranttreatmentgiven immigrationstatus 109 4.5 PredictedprobabilitiesofsupportforArizonaimmigration lawandgivingstatesgreaterpowerincreatingimmigration laws 111 4.6 Predictedprobabilitiesofsupportforcitizenshipfor undocumentedimmigrantsandtheirchildren 113 4.7 Predictedprobabilitiesofsupportlimitingtheimmigrationof non-Christians 117 4.8 PredictedprobabilitiesofsupportforPresidentTrump’s immigrationpolicies 119 5.1 Americansupportforisolationism,militarism,co-operation (1992–2017) 143 5.2 Predictedvaluesandprobabilitiesofsupportformilitant internationalism,militaryconservativism,andreasonsfor militaryaction 149 5.3 PredictedprobabilitiesofsupportforUSmilitaryactions 151 5.4 Predictedvaluesandprobabilitiesofsupportforco-operative internationalism,USwithdrawalfrominternational organization,andunilateralactiongivenadherenceto Americanreligiousexceptionalism 154 5.5 Probabilitiesofsupportfortradepolicygivenadherenceto Americanreligiousexceptionalism 157 5.6 Predictedvaluesandprobabilitiesofsupportforisolationism andbeliefthattheUnitedStateshasaresponsibilityto spreadcertainvaluestotheworldgivenadherenceto Americanreligiousexceptionalism 160 6.1 Predictedprobabilitiesofsupportforvariousformsof governmentgivenadherencetoAmericanreligious exceptionalism 166 6.2 WhiteconservativeProtestantpartisanidentification, presidentialvotechoice,andpartisanbiasbetween1980 and2016 173 6.3 Predictedprobabilitiesofvotechoicegivenadherence toAmericanreligiousexceptionalism 175 6.4 Predictedprobabilitiesofpresidentialapprovalgiven adherencetoAmericanreligiousexceptionalism 176 6.5 PredictedvaluesandprobabilitiesofbelievingPresident Trump’spiety,votingforPresidentTrump,andreasonfor votegivenagreementwiththebeliefthatGodhasgranted Americaaspecialroleinhumanhistory 178 Published online by Cambridge University Press
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