THE EVEREST EFFECT RHETORIC, CULTURE, AND SOCIAL CRITIQUE Series Editor John Louis Lucaites Editorial Board Jeffrey A. Bennett Barbara Biesecker Carole Blair Joshua Gunn Robert Hariman Debra Hawhee Claire Sisco King Steven Mailloux Raymie E. McKerrow Toby Miller Phaedra C. Pezzullo Austin Sarat Janet Staiger Barbie Zelizer THE EVEREST EFFECT Nature, Culture, Ideology ELIZABETH MAZZOLINI THE UNIVERSITY OF ALAB AMA PRESS Tuscaloosa The University of Ala bama Press Tuscaloosa, Ala bama 35487–0380 uapress.ua.edu Copyright © 2015 by the University of Ala bama Press All rights reserved. Inquiries about reproducing material from this work should be addressed to the University of Ala bama Press. Typeface: Granjon Manufactured in the United States of America Cover design: Erin Bradley Dangar / Dangar Design ∞ The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum requirements of Ameri can National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984. Cataloging- in- Publication data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978- 0- 8173- 1893- 2 E- ISBN: 978- 0- 8173- 8912- 3 Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Extremity and Ambivalence 1 1. Breathless Subjects: Authenticity and Oxygen 20 2. Exaggerated Energy: Utility and Food 41 3. Heightened Stakes: Individuality and Communication 64 4. Sublime- o- Rama: Extremity and IMAX 85 5. Redefining Access: Ability and Money 109 Conclusion: The Power of the Example 133 Notes 141 Bibliography 149 Index 157 Acknowledgments My biggest debt of gratitude regarding this book is owed to both Jeff Nealon and Rich Doyle, without whose influence and capacities as teachers, men- tors, and friends I could not have conceived of this project, let alone written it. Although this debt is split between two people, there is plenty to go around. The book also benefited from the valuable time and thoughts of many people. At Penn State Megan Brown, Dan Conway, Jeremiah Dyehouse, Valerie Hanson, Janet Holtman, Amitava Kumar, Melissa Littlefield, Janet Lyon, Ryan Netzley, Jenny Rice, Marika Siegel, Jillian Smith, Susan Squier, and Shannon Walter all provided valuable feedback. At Rochester Institute of Technology I had engaged readers in Doris Borelli, Lisa Hermsen, Melissa Nicolas, Laura Shackelford, and Katie Terezakis. At Virginia Tech I found an especially helpful writing group just in the nick of time with Elizabeth Austin and Liesl Allingham. Bernice Hausman’s expert mentoring has been invaluable. My collaborations with Stephanie Foote have been enormously en- riching in a number of registers. I am very lucky to know Devon Johnson and to have been able to draw on her work ethic and intelligence to help me com- plete the manuscript. Social support can be just as intellectually nurturing as writing advice, and I received social support in abundance from many of the above people, as well as from Marco Abel, Danna Agmon, Hester Blum, Tony Ceraso, Brooke Conti, Jodi Dean, Jonathan Eburne, Leisha Jones, Jeff Karnicky, Erika Meitner, John Muckelbauer, Phil Olson, Jeremy Packer, Kelly Pender, Katy Powell, Will Roberts, Emma Rose, Emily Satterwhite, Joe Scal- lorns, Marla Scarola, Sarah Sharma, Dan Smith, and Matthew Vollmer. I will always be indebted to readers at the University of Ala bama Press, whose con- structive input on an early version of the manuscript sharpened my thinking viii / Acknowledgments and focused my writing. Material support from the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences at Virginia Tech came in very useful, to say the least. Dan Waterman ushered this book and me through the publication process nimbly, and I will always be especially grateful to him. A version of chapter 1 previously appeared in Theory and Event, and a ver- sion of chapter 2 previously appeared in Cultural Critique. I am grateful to the editors of those journals and the readers of my articles for their comments, which allowed me to improve the articles and also the chapters subsequently based on them. I am grateful to my family for their curiosity and support regarding this project. My ongoing conversation with Debbie Hawhee deserves mention here because it sustains me with insight and hilarity regarding all things personal and professional. And my greatest and most joyfully shouldered burden of debt is to Chad Lavin, who makes possible everything I do. This book is dedicated to him, and to Walter, who I hope never, ever, ever climbs Mount Everest. THE EVEREST EFFECT