The European Anarchy PDF
Preview The European Anarchy
THE EUROPEAN ANARCHY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY HEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO DALLAS ATLANTA SAM FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LOOTED LONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO THE EUROPEAN ANARCHY BY G. LOWES DICKINSON Nrtn fork THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1917 Ailritkhreserved D5// COPTUQRT.1916 BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Setuptadetoctrotyp^ FuMfcblApril,i Reprinted April,1917. FOREWORD TO THE AMERICAN EDITION THESE pages were written in the hope that they might be read and considered by the more reason- able section of the British public. But they are likely at the present moment to find more re- sponse in America than in England. The sym- pathies of Americans appear to be, generally and warmly, on the side of the allies, because they rec- ognize that a German victory would imperil the principles and the spirit for which America stands. But Americans also recognize that no military victory or defeat can of itself secure that durable peace by which alone democratic liberties can be assured and developed. The whole system of international relations must be transformed by a deliberate act of policy if this result is to be achieved. The states must combine not in temporary alliances and counter-alliances, preg- nant with new wars, but in a union to develop the law of nations and to sustain it against law- s FOREWORD 6 breakers. As I write, this country is engaged in a campaign for preparedness. Preparedness for what? To enter that European competition in armaments, which alone is a sufficient cause of war? Or to put armaments, jointly with other states, behind law and against aggression, from whatever Power aggression may be threat- ened? To do the former would be merely to add to the dangers of war a new factor. To do the latter might start the nations on the road to a durable peace. Anarchy and destruction, or law and reconstruction, is the choice before the world; and the United States during the next months may largely help to determine which it shall be. A practical proposal for mak- ing the transition from anarchy to law is put forward by the American League to Enforce Peace.1 It is to some such solution that this essay points. For it shows how behind this war, as behind wars in the past, lay not merely the aggression of Germany, but the whole tradi- 1League to Enforce Peace, American Branch, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Hon. William Howard Taft, President; A. Lawrence Lowell, Chairman of Executive Committee; William H. Short, Secretary. FOREWORD 7 tion and practice of European diplomacy. To take the lead in introducing into international relations that new policy which alone can guar- antee and preserve civilization may be the spe- cial mission and glory of the United States. On their action at this crisis of the race the future of society may depend. And if this little book shall have any smallest influence in clarifying and concentrating American opinion upon the problem to be solved, it will have fulfilled the purpose for which it was written. G. LOWES DICKINSON. CONTENTS ..... PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 13 Europe since the Fifteenth Century Machiavellian- ism Empireand theBalanceofPower. 2. THETRIPLEALLIAN.CEAN.DTH.EENT.ENTE.. 17 BelgianDispatchesof 1905-14. 3. GREATBRITAIN 23 The Policy o.f Grea.t Brita.in Es.sential.ly an O.verseas Power. FRANCE 4. 27 The Policyo.fFranc.e since.1870.Peace.andI.mperial- ism ConflictingElements. 5. RUSSIA 32 ThePolicyofRussia EspeciallytowardsAustria. 6. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY . . . -37 ThePolicyof.Austri.a-Hung.ary E.specia.llytow.ardsthe Balkans. GERMANY 7. 39 The Policy of Germany From 1866 to the Decade A 1890-1900 Change. 8. OPINION IN GERMANY . . . .46 German "Romanticism" NewAmbitions. 9. OPINION ABOUT GERMANY . . . 57 Bourdon Beyens Cambon Summary. 10. GERMAN POLICY FROM 1890-1900 . __. 67 Relation toGreatBritain TheNavy. 9
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