The Europa World Yearbook. Pt. 4

1186 Pages·238.387 MB·English

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THE EUROPA
WORLD
YEAR BOOK
2003
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2011
in
http://www.archive.org/details/europaworldyearb02euro
EUROPA
THE
WORLD
YEAR BOOK
2003
VOLUME
II
KAZAKHSTAN-ZIMBABWE
COOK MEMORIAL LIBRARY
413 N. MILWAUKEEAVE.
LIBERTYVILLE, ILLINOIS 60048
AUG 5 2005
Europa Publications
Taylor&.FrancisCroup
LONDONANDNEWYORK
Firstpublished1926
©EuropaPublications2003
11NewFetterLane,London,EC4P4EE,England
(AmemberoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup)
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthis
publicationmaybephotocopied,recorded,
orotherwisereproduced,storedinaretrieval
systemortransmittedinanyformorbyany
electronicormechanicalmeanswithoutthe
priorpermissionofthecopyrightowner.
ISBN 1-85743-227-4(The Set)
1-85743-197-9(Vol. II)
ISSN0071-2302
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber59-2942
SeniorEditor:JoanneMaher
StatisticsEditor:PhilipMclntyre
StatisticsEditor1972-2002:AndrewThomas
RegionalEditors:ImogenBell,LynnDaniel,LucyDean,JulietLove,
KatharineMurison,JillianO'Brien,JacquelineWest
InternationalOrganizationsEditors:CatrionaAppeatuHolman,HelenCanton
TechnologyEditor:IanPreston
AssociateRegionalEditor:PriyaShah
AssistantEditors:CamillaChew,KatieDawson,DrissFatih,IainFrame,
AnthonyGladman,DominicHeaney,ElizabethKerr,
CatrionaMarcham,JamesMiddleton,TiaraMisquitta,DonovanRees,
AnnamarieRowe,YoelSano,NikhilShah,BenShankland,DanielWard
EditorialCo-ordinator:MaryHill
EditorialDirector:PaulKelly
TypesetbyIgnitionUKandprintedbyUnwinBrothersLimited
TheGreshamPress
OldWoking,Surrey
FOREWORD
THE EUROPA WORLD YEAR BOOK (formerly THE EUROPA YEAR BOOK: A WORLD
SURVEY) was first published in 1926. Since 1960 it has appeared in annual two-
volume editions, and has become established as an authoritative reference work,
providing a wealth ofdetailed information on the political, economic and commer-
cial institutions ofthe world.
Volume I contains a comprehensive listing of more than 1,650 international
organizations and the first part ofthe alphabetical survey ofcountries ofthe world,
from Afghanistan to Jordan. Volume II contains countries from Kazakhstan to
Zimbabwe. An Index ofTerritories covered in both volumes can be found at the end
ofVolume II.
Each country is covered by an individual chapter, containing: an introductory
survey including recent history, economic affairs, government, defence, education,
and publicholidays; an economic and demographic surveyusingthe latest available
statistics on area and population, health and welfare, agriculture, forestry, fishing,
industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, the media, and education; and a direc-
tory section containing names, addresses and other useful facts about government,
political parties, diplomatic representation, judiciary, religious groups, the media,
telecommunications, banks, insurance, trade and industry, development organiza-
tions, chambers of commerce, industrial and trade associations, utilities, trade
unions, transport and tourism.
Launched simultaneously with publication of the 2003 edition of THE EUROPA
WORLDYEARBOOKis EUROPAWORLDONLINE, incorporating sophisticated search and
browse functions that allow access to the entire content ofthe print edition, as well
as specially commissioned visual and statistical content. An ongoing programme of
updates of key areas of information will ensure the currency of content, and will
enhance the richness of the information for which THE EUROPAWORLD YEAR BOOK
is renowned. Details of this prestigious new resource are available at
www.europaworldonline.com.
Readers are referred to our annual regional surveys, AFRICA SOUTH OF THE
SAHARA,CENTRALAND SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE,EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIAAND
CENTRALASIA, THE FAR EAST AND AUSTRALASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH
AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN, THE USA
AND CANADA and WESTERN EUROPE, for additional information on the geography,
history and economy ofthese areas. More detailed coverage ofinternational organ-
izations may be found in THE EUROPA DIRECTORY OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS.
The information is extensively revised and updated annually by a variety of
methods, including direct mailing to all the institutions listed. Many other sources
are used, such as national statistical offices, government departments and diplo-
matic missions. The editors thank the innumerable individuals and organizations
throughout the world whose generous co-operationin providingcurrentinformation
for this edition is invaluable in presenting the most accurate and up-to-date
material available.
May 2003.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The editors gratefully acknowledge particular indebtedness for permission to reproduce material
from the following publications: the United Nations' Demographic Yearbook, Statistical Yearbook,
Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, Industrial Commodity Statistics Yearbook and International Trade
Statistics Yearbook; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's
Statistical Yearbook; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' Statistical
Database and Yearbook ofFishery Statistics; the International Labour Office's Statistical Database
and Yearbook ofLabourStatistics; the World Bank's WorldBankAtlas, GlobalDevelopmentFinance,
World Development Report and World Development Indicators; the International Monetary Fund's
Statistical Database and International Financial Statistics and Government Finance Statistics
Yearbook; theWorldTourism Organization's Yearbook ofTourism Statistics; and TheMilitaryBalance
2002-2003, a publication ofthe International Institute for Strategic Studies, Arundel House, 13-15
Arundel Street, LondonWC2R3DX.
AND
HEALTH WELFARE
STATISTICS:
SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS
Total fertility rate Source: WHO, The World Health Report (2002). The number of children that
would be born per woman, assuming no female mortality at child-bearing ages and the age-specific
fertilityrates ofa specifiedcountry andreference period.
Under-5 mortality rate Source: UNICEF, The State ofthe World's Children (2003). The ratio of
registered deaths of children under 5 years to the total number of registered live births over the
same period.
HIV/AIDS Source: UNAIDS. Estimated percentage of adults aged 15 to 49 years living with
HIV/AIDS. < indicates 'fewerthan'.
Health expenditure Source: WHO, The WorldHealthReport (2002).
US$perhead (PPP)
International dollar estimates, derived by dividing local currency units by an estimate of their
purchasing-power parity (PPP) compared with the US dollar. PPPs are the rates of currency
conversion that equalize the purchasing power ofdifferent currencies by eliminating the differences
inprice levels between countries.
% GDP
of
GDPlevels for OECD countries follow the most recent UN System ofNational Accounts. For non-
OECD countries avalue was estimatedbyutilizingexistingUN, IMF andWorld Bankdata.
Publicexpenditure
Government health-related outlays plus expenditure by social schemes compulsorily affiliated with a
sizeable share of the population, and extrabudgetary funds allocated to health services. Figures
include grants or loans provided by international agencies, other national authorities, and
sometimes commercialbanks.
Access to water and sanitation Source: WHO, Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment
(2000 Report). Defined in terms ofthe type oftechnology and levels ofservice afforded. For water,
this includes house connections, public standpipes, boreholes with handpumps, protected dug wells,
protected spring and rainwater collection; allowance is also made for other locally denned
technologies. 'Access' is broadly defined as the availability of at least 20 litres per person per day
from a source within 1 km of the user's dwelling. Sanitation is defined to include connection to a
sewer or septic tank system, pour-flush latrine, simple pit or ventilated improved pit latrine, again
with allowance for acceptable local technologies. Access to water and sanitation does not imply that
the level ofservice orqualityofwateris 'adequate'or'safe'.
Human Development Index (HDI) Source: UNDP, Human Development Report (2002). A
summary of human development measured by three basic dimensions: prospects for a long and
healthy life, measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge, measured by adult literacy rate (two-
thirds'weight) and the combined gross enrolment ratio in primary, secondary and tertiary education
(one-third weight); and standard ofliving, measured by GDP per head (PPP US $). The index value
obtained lies between zero and one. Avalue above 0.8 indicates high human development, between
0.5 and 0.8 medium human development, and below 0.5 low human development.Acentralized data
source for all three dimensions was not available for all countries. In some such cases other data
sources were used to calculate a substitute value; however, this was excluded from the ranking.
Other countries, including non-UNDP members, were excluded from the HDI altogether. In total,
173 countries were rankedfor 2000.
VI