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T E D HE UROPA IRECTORY OF I N T E R N A T I O N A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N S 2 0 2 2 T E D HE UROPA IRECTORY OF I N T E R N A T I O N A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N S 2 0 2 2 24th EDITION 24th edition published 2022 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business # 2022 Routledge All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First published 1999 ISBN: 978-1-032-27392-1 (hbk) 978-1-003-29254-8 (ebk) ISSN: 1465-4628 DOI: 10.4324/9781003292548 Typeset in Helvetica and Plantin by Data Standards Limited, Frome, Somerset Editor: Helen Canton Contributing Editors: Imogen Gladman (EU), Catriona Holman Senior Publisher: Juliet Love Directory Editorial Team: Surabhi Srivastava (Team Manager), Aditi Kapoor (Team Leader), Richa Chhabra (Editorial Researcher) Biographical Reference: Shubha Banerjee (Team Leader), Kushboo Kumar (Editorial Researcher) The Publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may take place. FOREWORD THE EUROPA DIRECTORY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS is an invaluable guide to the contemporary international system. It has been extensively researched and updated for this 24th edition. At mid-2022 the far-reaching environmental, geopolitical and economic crises facing the international community, in a world emerging from a global pandemic, seem unparalleled. International organizations and a functioning multilateral system have a critical role in addressing such interconnected challenges and an understanding of their contribution is essential. Part One of this publication, providing background information, includes a unique chronology charting the evolution of intergovernmental collaboration. Introductory essays, written by experts in their fields, provide further context to the workings and structure of international organizations, multilateral co-operation with regard to health and environmental challenges, the governance of migration, transboundary water management, and, newly commissioned for this edition, the Sustainable Development Goals. Part Two covers, in depth, the United Nations—the world’s largest intergovern mental body. All of its major offices, programmes, specialized agencies and related organizations are given separate entries detailing their structure, objectives and recent activities. Similar information is provided, in Part Three, for other major international and regional organizations. While these bodies do not operate in isolation, and there is increasing collaboration between them, the structured approach of these principal sections is intended to provide the reader with a clear and consistent overview of each organization. Briefer details of more than 1,000 other organizations appear in Part Four, where, for ease of reference, they are listed according to main area of activity. There is a comprehensive index of all organizations and key groupings at the back of the volume. Several articles incorporate the text of an organization’s founding treaty or other significant document that shaped its future structure and objectives. Other important international treaties are positioned so as to be of most interest or use to the reader; usually this is where an organization has been actively involved in its formulation, even if not bearing any legal responsibility for its implementation or supervision. Separately documented are unique lists of key resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly and Security Council, which aim to place the activities and development of these bodies, in particular the UN’s peacekeeping and peacebuilding role, within a broader context. The book concludes, in Part Five, with a Who’s Who section, providing biographical information on the principal officers and other key personalities in the international community. All the information in this publication has been extensively researched and verified. The editors are most grateful to those organizations and individuals that have provided information for this edition, and to the contributors for their articles and advice. June 2022 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The reproduction of texts of international treaties, founding documents and intergovernmental declarations is gratefully acknowledged. The editors also wish to thank the many individuals and organizations whose interest and co-operation helped in the preparation of this publication, and all those who have replied to Europa’s questionnaires. Their generous assistance is recognized as being invaluable in presenting consistently accurate and up-to-date material. vi CONTENTS Abbreviations Page ix United Nations Conference on Trade and International Telephone Codes xiii Development—UNCTAD Page 177 United Nations Development Coordination Office 181 United Nations Development Programme—UNDP 183 Funds and Programmes 188 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and PART ONE the Empowerment of Women—UN Women 189 Background Information United Nations Environment Programme—UNEP 193 Associated Bodies 199 Multilateral Co-operation and Global Governance: The Evolution The Rio Conventions 201 of International Organizations Other Biodiversity-related Conventions 203 Zorzeta Bakaki 3 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees—UNHCR 220 Global Environmental Governance United Nations Human Settlements Programme—UN-Habitat 240 Kate O’Neill 7 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs—UNODA 244 The Sustainable Development Goals: Past, Present and Future United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs—UNOOSA 247 Taylor Hanna, Jonathan D. Moyer and Wondemneh Pawlose 13 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime—UNODC 248 The Structure of Migration Governance United Nations Peacekeeping 252 Sarah P. Lockhart and Jeannette Money 18 Chronology of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Multilateral Governance and Global Action on Health and Observer Missions 269 Preslava Stoeva 24 United Nations Political Missions and Peacebuilding 274 Transboundary Water Management: Conflict and Co-operation Special Appointments of the UN Secretary-General Joanne Yao 29 Concerned with His Good Offices and with Peacebuilding 293 The Development of International Organizations: A Chronology 34 United Nations Population Fund—UNFPA 293 International Observances 42 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East—UNRWA 296 United Nations Training and Research Institutes 300 World Food Programme—WFP 302 PART TWO Specialized Agencies and Related Organizations within the UN System The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations—FAO 307 General Information, Membership and Principal Organs International Atomic Energy Agency—IAEA 316 Members 47 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development— Diplomatic Representation 48 IBRD—World Bank 325 Permanent Missions 48 International Development Association—IDA 331 Observers 54 International Finance Corporation—IFC 333 Information Centres/Services 55 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency—MIGA 335 Conferences 57 International Civil Aviation Organization—ICAO 336 System-wide Coherence 57 International Fund for Agricultural Development—IFAD 340 Inter-Agency Bodies and Programmes 57 International Labour Organization—ILO 343 Finance 58 International Maritime Organization—IMO 349 Publications 59 International Monetary Fund—IMF 353 Secretariat 59 International Organization for Migration—IOM 360 Other Special High Level Appointments of the Secretary- International Telecommunication Union—ITU 365 General 61 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural General Assembly 62 Organization—UNESCO 369 Resolutions 64 United Nations Industrial Development Organization— Security Council 70 UNIDO 375 International Tribunals 77 Universal Postal Union—UPU 378 Resolutions 77 World Health Organization—WHO 380 Trusteeship Council 122 World Intellectual Property Organization—WIPO 395 Economic and Social Council—ECOSOC 123 World Meteorological Organization—WMO 399 International Court of Justice 124 World Tourism Organization—UNWTO 404 World Trade Organization—WTO 408 United Nations Fundamental Treaties Charter of the United Nations 127 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 136 PA RT T H REE United Nations Regional Commissions Economic Commission for Europe—UNECE 138 Major Non-UN Organizations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific—ESCAP 142 African Development Bank—AfDB 417 Economic Commission for Latin America and the African Union—AU 423 Caribbean—ECLAC 148 Andean Community—CAN 438 Economic Commission for Africa—ECA 151 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development—AFESD 443 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia—ESCWA 154 Arab Monetary Fund—AMF 444 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation—APEC 446 Other United Nations Bodies Asian Development Bank—ADB 453 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs—OCHA 158 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank—AIIB 458 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Association of Southeast Asian Nations—ASEAN 460 Rights—OHCHR 160 Bank for International Settlements—BIS 477 United Nations Children’s Fund—UNICEF 165 Caribbean Community—CARICOM 480 vii CONTENTS Central American Integration System—SICA Page 488 Southern African Development Community—SADC Page 762 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa—COMESA 494 Southern Common Market—MERCOSUR/MERCOSUL 769 The Commonwealth 498 World Council of Churches—WCC 773 Commonwealth of Independent States—CIS 508 World Federation of Trade Unions—WFTU 775 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf— GCC 514 Council of the Baltic Sea States—CBSS 520 Council of Europe 522 PART FOUR Economic Community of West African States—ECOWAS 544 Other International Organizations Economic Cooperation Organization—ECO 553 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development—EBRD 555 Listed by subject European Space Agency—ESA 560 European Union—EU 563 Agriculture, Food, Forestry and Fisheries 779 Franc Zone 617 Arts and Culture 784 Inter-American Development Bank—IDB 619 Commodities 787 Intergovernmental Authority on Development—IGAD 623 Economic and Sustainable Development Co-operation 790 International Chamber of Commerce—ICC 629 Economics and Finance 800 International Criminal Court—ICC 633 Education 806 Hybrid International Criminal Courts 637 Environment and Energy 810 International Olympic Committee—IOC 641 Governance and Security 816 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 644 Industrial and Professional Relations 828 International Committee of the Red Cross—ICRC 644 Law 829 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Medicine and Health 833 Societies 647 Posts and Telecommunications 841 International Seabed Authority—ISA 656 Press, Radio and Television 842 International Trade Union Confederation—ITUC 658 Religion 844 Inter-Parliamentary Union—IPU 661 Science 847 Islamic Development Bank—IsDB 665 Social Sciences 855 Latin American Integration Association—LAIA 668 Social Welfare and Human Rights 859 League of Arab States 670 Sport and Recreations 864 North Atlantic Treaty Organization—NATO 680 Technology 868 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Tourism 872 Development—OECD 694 Trade and Industry 873 International Energy Agency—IEA 701 Transport 879 OECD Nuclear Energy Agency—NEA 703 Youth and Students 882 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe—OSCE 704 Organization of American States—OAS 718 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries—OAPEC 731 Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation—BSEC 733 PART FIVE Organization of Islamic Cooperation—OIC 736 Who’s Who in International Organizations Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries—OPEC 744 OPEC Fund for International Development 748 Pacific Community 750 Who’s Who 887 Pacific Islands Forum 754 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation—SAARC 759 Index of organizations 913 viii ABBREVIATIONS Abog. Abogado (Lawyer) CET common external tariff Acad. Academician; Academy CFA Communaute´ Financie´re Africaine; Co-ope´ration Financie´re ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific (countries) en Afrique centrale ADB Asian Development Bank CFE Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Adm. Admiral CFP Common Fisheries Policy; Communaute´ française du admin. administration Pacifique; Comptoirs français du Pacifique AEC African Economic Community; African Economic Conference CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy AfCFTA African Continental Free Trade Area CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest AfDB African Development Bank CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development Chair. Chairman/person/woman AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting AH anno Hegirae Cia Companhia a.i. ad interim C´ıa Compan˜´ıa AIA ASEAN Investment Area Cie Compagnie AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome C-in-C Commander-in-Chief AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank circ. circulation Al. Aleja (Alley, Avenue) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States ALADI Asociacioń Latinoamericana de Integracioń CJTF Combined Joint Task Force Alt. Alternate cm centimetre(s) amalg. amalgamated CMAG Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group on the Harare AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia Declaration Apdo Apartado (Post Box) cnr corner APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation c/o care of approx. approximately Co Company; County Apt Apartment CoI Commission of Inquiry APT ASEAN Plus Three Col Colonel ARV advanced retroviral Coll. College ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting Comm. Commission; Commendatore asscn association Commdr Commander assoc. associate Commdt Commandant asst assistant Commr Commissioner ATMIS African Union Transition Mission in Somalia Confed. Confederation AU African Union confs conferences AUDA- African Union Development Agency Cont. Contador (Accountant) NEPAD COO Chief Operating Officer Aug. August COP Conference of (the) Parties auth. authorized Corpn Corporation av., Ave Avenija, Avenue COVAX COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Avda Avenida (Avenue) COVID Coronavirus disease Avv. Avvocato (Lawyer) CP Case Postale; Caixa Postal; Casella Postale (Post Box) CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Bd Board Cres. Crescent Bd, Bld, Blv., CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe Blvd Boulevard CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy b/d barrels per day CTBT Comprehensive (Nuclear) Test Ban Treaty BINUB United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi Cttee Committee BINUCA United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central cu cubic African Republic cwt hundredweight BINUH United Nations Integrated Mission in Haiti BIS Bank for International Settlements Bldg Building Bn battallion d. daughter(s) BNUB United Nations Office in Burundi DC District of Columbia; Distrito Central BP Boˆıte postale (Post Box) DDC UNDP Drylands Development Centre br.(s) branch(es) Dec. December Brig. Brigadier Del. Delegacioń; Delegate bte boˆıte (box) Dem. Democratic; Democrat BSEC (Organization of the) Black Sea Economic Cooperation Dep. Deputy bul. bulvar (boulevard) dep. deposits Dept Department devt development c. circa; cuadra(s) (block(s)); child, children DF Distrito Federal CACM Central American Common Market Diag. Diagonal Cad. Caddesi (Street) Dir Director CAFTA-DR Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Div. Division(al) Agreement DN Distrito Nacional CAN Comunidad Andina Doc. Docent CAP Common Agricultural Policy; Consolidated Inter-agency DOMREP Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Appeal Process Dominican Republic cap. capital DOTS direct observation treatment, short-course Capt. Captain Dott. Dottore CAR Central African Republic DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea CARICOM Caribbean Community Dr Doctor CBSS Council of Baltic Sea States Dr. Drive Cdre Commodore Dra Doctora CEMAC Communaute´ Economique et Mone´taire de l’Afrique Centrale DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo Cen. Central Drs Doctorandus CEO Chief Executive Officer dwt dead weight tons ix